stochastic modeling of language
Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Lexicalized Stochastic Modeling of Constraint-Based Grammars using Log-Linear Measures and EM Training" ppt
Ngày tải lên :
20/02/2014, 18:20
... y0 w2 h2" alt=""
68
70
72
74
76
78
80
82
84
86
88
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
precision
number of iterations
complete-data estimation
incomplete-data estimation
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The role of language in adult education and poverty reduction in Botswan
Ngày tải lên :
05/11/2012, 16:27
... national language policy currently in place in Botswana, is that Setswana is the national
language of the country (Republic of Botswana 1985:8). So, despite the existence of other
local languages, ... parts of the world, education is for the most part the preserve of the few (elites). The
choice of which language or dialect to use to teach (medium of instruction) reflects the
interests of those ... second and even third languages are added to the learners’ repertoire of
language systems whilst sustaining the primary language through the schooling process
instead of subtractive bilingualism...
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Hydraulic modeling of open channel flows over an arbitrary 3-d surface and its applications in amenity hydraulic engineering
Ngày tải lên :
06/11/2012, 10:35
... plot of water surface in 2D simulation of Exp-1 …………….95
Figure 6.35 Carpet plot of water surface in 2D simulation of Exp-2…………… 95
Figure 6.36 Carpet plot of water surface in 2D simulation of ... plot of water surface in 2D simulation of Exp-4…………… 96
Figure 6.38 Carpet plot of water surface in 2D simulation of Exp-5…………… 97
Figure 6.39 Carpet plot of water surface in 2D simulation of ... surface profile analysis of open channel flows over a
circular surface. Journal of Applied Mechanics, JSCE, Vol. 8, pp 847-854, 2005.
5. Anh T. N. and Hosoda T.: Free surface profile analysis of flows...
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Tài liệu Modeling of Data part 1 pptx
Ngày tải lên :
15/12/2013, 04:15
... measure of goodness -of- fit. When the third item suggests that the model
is an unlikely match to the data, then items (i) and (ii) are probably worthless.
Unfortunately, many practitioners of parameter ... RECIPES IN C: THE ART OF SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING (ISBN 0-521-43108-5)
Copyright (C) 1988-1992 by Cambridge University Press.Programs Copyright (C) 1988-1992 by Numerical Recipes Software.
Permission ... based on? The answer
to these questions takes us into the subject of maximum likelihood estimators.
Given a particular data set of x
i
’s and y
i
’s, we have the intuitive feeling that
some parameter...
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Tài liệu Modeling of Data part 2 doc
Ngày tải lên :
15/12/2013, 04:15
... distribution is often rather poorly realized, if it is
realized at all. We are often taught, rather casually, that, on average, measurements
will fall within ±σ of the true value 68 percent of the time, ... time, within ±2σ 95 percent
of the time, and within ±3σ 99.7 percent of the time. Extending this, one would
expect a measurement to be off by ±20σ only one time out of 2 × 10
88
.Weall
know that ... that the
standard deviations σ of these normal distributionsare the same for all points. Then
the probability of the data set is the product of the probabilities of each point,
P ∝
N
i=1
exp
−
1
2
y
i
−...
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Tài liệu Modeling of Data part 3 docx
Ngày tải lên :
15/12/2013, 04:15
... problem of fitting a set of N data points (x
i
,y
i
)to
a straight-line model
y(x)=y(x;a, b)=a+bx (15.2.1)
666
Chapter 15. Modeling of Data
Sample page from NUMERICAL RECIPES IN C: THE ART OF SCIENTIFIC ... variance of the linear combination y
i
− a − bx
i
of two random
variables x
i
and y
i
,
Var( y
i
− a − bx
i
)=Var( y
i
)+b
2
Var( x
i
)=σ
2
yi
+b
2
σ
2
xi
≡1/w
i
(15.3.3)
The sum of the square of N ... 662
Chapter 15. Modeling of Data
Sample page from NUMERICAL RECIPES IN C: THE ART OF SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING (ISBN 0-521-43108-5)
Copyright (C) 1988-1992...
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Tài liệu Modeling of Data part 4 pptx
Ngày tải lên :
15/12/2013, 04:15
... float *xx,*yy,*sx,*sy,*ww,aa,offs;
float chixy(float bang)
Captive function of
fitexy
, returns the value of (χ
2
−
offs
) for the slope
b=tan(bang)
.
Scaled data and
offs
are communicated via the ... variance of the linear combination y
i
− a − bx
i
of two random
variables x
i
and y
i
,
Var(y
i
− a − bx
i
)=Var(y
i
)+b
2
Var(x
i
)=σ
2
yi
+b
2
σ
2
xi
≡1/w
i
(15.3.3)
The sum of the square of N ... of varying b, successful numerical root-finding
leads to a value of ∆a that minimizes χ
2
for the value of ∆b that gives ∆χ
2
=1.This(see
Figure 15.3.1) directly gives the tangent projection of...
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Tài liệu Modeling of Data part 5 doc
Ngày tải lên :
15/12/2013, 04:15
... combinations of
the columns of V, with coefficients obtained by forming dot products of the columns
672
Chapter 15. Modeling of Data
Sample page from NUMERICAL RECIPES IN C: THE ART OF SCIENTIFIC ... thestandard deviationsof themeasureddependentvariable.
The measured values of the dependent variable do not enter the design matrix.
Solution by Use of the Normal Equations
The minimum of (15.4.3) occurs ... vector of length M.
The equations (15.4.6) or (15.4.7) are called the normal equations of the least-
squares problem. They can be solved for the vector of parameters a by the standard
methods of...
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Tài liệu Modeling Of Data part 6 pdf
Ngày tải lên :
15/12/2013, 04:15
... and
alamda
de-
creases by a factor of 10. If a step fails
alamda
grows by a factor of 10. You must call this
684
Chapter 15. Modeling of Data
Sample page from NUMERICAL RECIPES IN C: THE ART OF SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING ... even when they must be offered without proof.
Figure 15.6.1 shows the conceptual scheme of an experiment that “measures”
a set of parameters. There is some underlying true set of parameters a
true
that ... name of the game is to find some way of estimating or approximating
the probability distributionof a
(i)
−a
true
without knowing a
true
and withouthaving
available to us an infinite universe of hypothetical...
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