... s0/0/0
VLSM
VLSM in Action
VLSM and IP Addresses
Chapter 6 VLSM and CIDR
Routing Protocolsand Concepts
17
Classless Routing Protocol
Classless routingprotocols include the subnet mask ... 15
CIDR and Route Summarization
The 192 .168.0.0/20, summarized or aggregated route includes all the
networks belonging to customers A, B, C, and D.
192 .168.0.0/23, 192 .168.2.0/23, 192 .168.4.0/22, ... the routing table.
A classless routing protocol includes the
subnet mask with the network address in the
routing update.
40
CIDR
Classless interdomain routing (CIDR) is a prefix-based standard...
... vector routingprotocols (RIP), link-state routing
protocols do not send periodic updates.
OSPF routers do flood their own link states every 30 minutes.
This is known as a paranoid update and ... Implementing Link-State
Routing
Advantages of a Link-State Routing Protocol
Requirements of a Link-State Routing Protocol
Comparison of Link-State Routing Protocol
Note: Chapter 11 discusses ... 11 discusses the implementation and configuration of a link-
state routing protocol, OSPF.
46
Hierarchical
Design
Link-state routingprotocols such as OSPF and IS-IS use the concept of
areas....
... chapter/ curriculum.
Book:
Routing Protocols
and Concepts
By Rick Graziani and
Allan Johnson
ISBN: 1-58713-206-0
ISBN-13: 97 8-58713-
206-3
42
Verifying OSPF
Excellent command to begin troubleshooting. ... network Command
The network command (same function as when used with other IGP
routing protocols) :
Any interfaces on a router that match the network address in the
network command will be ... nssa
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
172.16.1.16 0.0.0.15 area 0
192 .168.10.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
192 .168.10.4 0.0.0.3 area 0
Reference bandwidth unit is 100 mbps
Routing Information Sources:
...
... 292 9
Configuring Serial Links in a Lab Environment
l Available clock rates, in bits per second, are 1200, 2400, 96 00,
192 00, 38400, 56000, 64000, 72000, 125000, ... Added to the Routing Table
l The debug ip routing displays routing table processes for any
route,
Ÿ directly connected network
Ÿ static route
Ÿ dynamic route.
l Disable debug ip routing by either:
Ÿ ... to display the routing table.
l Initially, the routing table is empty if no interfaces have been
configured.
l Note: Static routes and dynamic routes cannot be added to the
routing table until...
... Exchange of Routing
Information
Routing Table Maintenance
Periodic Updates
Bounded Updates
Triggered Updates
Random Jitter
Routing Loops
Defining a Routing Loop
Implications of Routing ... receivesreceives
33
Routing Table Maintenance
Routingprotocols must maintain the routing tables so that they have the
most current routing information.
How?
Depends on:
Type of routing protocol ... pitfalls, and
Remedies to these pitfalls
Understanding the operation of distance vector routing is critical to enabling,
verifying, and troubleshooting these protocols.
13
Routing Protocol...
... only sends one route: the 192 .168.5.0
network.
RIP: received v1 update from 192 .168.4.1 on Serial0/0/1
192 .168.5.0 in 1 hops
19
Specifying Networks
The network command performs the following ... not set
C 192 .168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1
C 192 .168.5.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R 192 .168.1.0/24 [120/2] via 192 .168.4.2, 00:00:08, Serial0/0/1
R 192 .168.2.0/24 ... The 192 .168.4.0/24
network is
subnetted as a
single subnet
192 .168.4.8/30.
26
Verifying RIP: show ip route Command
R1# show ip route
<output omitted>
R 192 .168.5.0/24 [120/2] via 192 .168.2.2,...
... this parent route
9
Sample Routing Table Entries
The routing table hierarchy in Cisco IOS software was originally
implemented with the classful routing scheme.
Although the routing table incorporates ... destination IP address of a packet
and a route in the routing table, a minimum number of leftmost bits
must match between the IP address of the packet and the route in the
routing table.
The subnet ... Chapter 8
The Routing Table: A Closer Look
The Routing Table Structure
38
Step 2b.
If there is not a match with any...
... for the routing process.
Demonstrate the ability to configure devices and
Demonstrate
the
ability
to
configure
devices
and
apply addresses.
Describe the structure of a routing ... loses power
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1
5
â 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
or is restarted.
Configuration register: 0, 1, and 2 and above
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1
22
â 2007 Cisco ...
register using the show version command.
Then use the config-register command, changing
only the value of the last hexadecimal digit.
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1
19
â 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights...
... ip routing command
Confi
g
urin
g
the IP address and Subnet Mask
disable interfaces with the shutdown command.
gg
4
Check the routing table
2
Check the routing table
5
Disable debug ip
routing ... Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Routing Table Concepts
Routing
Table
Concepts
Purpose of the debug ip routing command
Allows you to view changes that the router performs ... o
th
er rou
t
er.
Static Routing
RoutingProtocolsandConceptsChapter 2
â 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1
1
General Role of the Router in...