... concentration of Rep245 prepared in 10 mm sodium phosphate (pH 7.4) was lm CD spectra were recorded at 60, 70 and 80 °C between 190 and 260 nm with a step increase of 0.2 nm, and a bandwidth of nm ... plausibly involved in DNA recognition and binding and is positioned left of the active site [14] Rep245 is both capable of de novo synthesis of DNA primers andof elongating them Long DNA extension ... selection stringency and incorporation fidelity [26] Thermal activity analysis of Rep245 revealed an optimal temperature of 65 °C, i.e 10 °C lower than the growth temperature of the natural host...
... presence of several concentrations of ATP (A) or AMP (B) and different concentrations of the inhibitor Each point is the mean of three separate trials Inhibition of AK by the specific inhibitor Ap5A and ... Asian and Mediterranean countries [15] This paper describes the cloning andfunctionalcharacterizationof an AK gene from a genomic library of L donovani as well as its expression and molecular characterization ... abundance of AK mRNA during the growth curve of promastigotes Functionalcharacterizationof recombinant AK The recombinant protein purified from the inclusion bodies and refolded in the presence of...
... fully active alpha isoform and other variants, we conducted a series of cotransfection experiments and compared ligand-induced accumulation of cAMP (Fig 3) Although the level of cAMP accumulated ... differential expression of isoforms of CRFR1 to precisely couple selectively activated phenotypic targets, we performed molecular characterizationof newly described CRFR1 isoforms First, we tested ... lLÆmL)1 of donor beads and lLÆmL)1 of acceptor beads The signal was measured by Fusion a instrument (Packard BioScience, Meriden, CT, USA) cAMP concentration was recalculated from the standard...
... VBARP-L consisted of a 576-bp fragment absent from the shorter VBARP-S and contained a 114-bp UTR (Fig 2A) Intron and exon analysis of VBARP revealed that VBARP-L and VBARP-S contain 11 and exons, respectively ... lymph node, and muscle expressed relatively low levels of ANKHD1 isoform In the case of VBARP-L isoforms, spleen showed the highest level (3.89 ratio) followed by lung, lymph node and kidney Interestingly, ... Expression and biochemical characterizationof VBARP The predicted sizes of the proteins encoded by VBARP-L and VBARP-S are 69 and 49 kDa, respectively To test this, C-terminal V5-tagged VBARP-L and...
... Detection of zebrafish SULT1 ST1 and ST2 mRNAs and (B) Western blot analysis of zebrafish SULT1 ST1 protein (A) Detection of zebrafish SULT1 ST1 and ST2 mRNAs in cultured zebrafish cells (lanes and 3) and ... The concentration of the divalent metal cations tested was mM, and the concentration of NaCl tested was 10 mM 2410 T Sugahara et al (Eur J Biochem 270) Expression of sebrafish SULT1 ST1 and SULT1 ... dose-dependence of the regulation of the activity of the zebrafish ST by these divalent metal cations and their modes of action Fig Effects of divalent metal cations on the sulfating activity of the zebrafish...
... stiff and tough, and protection from microbial degradation This multifunctionality, together with the insoluble ⁄ sticky and complex nature of the adhesive, have hindered any detailed analysis of ... molecular masses and isoelectric points of the mature Table Amino acid compositions of various cp-19ks and their deviations from standard compositions The amino acid compositions of mature cp-19ks ... composition calculated from the deduced sequence b The amino acid composition analyzed by amino acid analysis of the numbers of Asp and Asn d Sum of the numbers of Glu and Gln 4338 c Sum FEBS...
... composed mainly of a helices (Figs and 2) The core of Iba2 is a pair of EF-hand motifs, denoted as EF-hands and 2, each consisting of two a helices (aA, aB and aC, aD, respectively) anking a ... overall morphology of the generated lament bundles Calcium afnity of Iba1 and Iba2 Homodimerization and actin binding of Iba1 and Iba2 were similar in the absence or presence of calcium ions Calcium ... it may be concluded that EF-hand of the Iba proteins is not capable offunctional Ca2+ binding Function of EF-hand In both Iba1 crystal structures, the loops of EF-hand adopt essentially the same...
... 5A) A BS3 concentration of 0.16 mM was sufficient to generate the accumulation of a larger protein form With increasing concentrations of BS3, the disappearance of the monomer band corresponded ... mass of % kDa The removal of the carbohydrate moiety had no effect on any of the characteristics of smelt AFP that were investigated However, the possibility of alternative and untested roles of ... with a kmax of 343 nm from % 30 lM samples of both untreated (Fig 4A) Fig Effect of Ca2+ on the intrinsic fluorescence of deglycosylated and untreated smelt AFP (A) Emission spectra of intact (untreated)...
... standard After extraction of the steroids and evaporation of the chloroform phase, the steroids were resuspended in 200 lL acetonitrile and separated on a Jasco reversed phase HPLC system of ... interspecies conversion rates However, the alterations may also be explained by the broader substrate-binding spectrum of bCYP11B1 resulting from the combination of the functions of CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 within ... be attributed to an anisotropy of the porphyrin absorption band [22] Upon addition of substrate, the signal of the positive CD band at 290 nm and the negative band at 386 nm decreased (Fig 4B)...
... This is the first report, for eukaryotes, of cDNA cloning andfunctionalcharacterizationof d-AAT acid aminotransferase in A thaliana tion rate of main roots and hypocotyls appeared to be greater ... activities were determined, and are shown in Table In the transamination conversion of amino acid to a-ketoglutarate, Km and Vmax values for d-Asp and d-Ala were 2.3 and mm, and 2.5 and 5.0 lmolÆmin)1Æmg)1 ... d-amino acids, was cloned and characterized This represents the first cDNA cloning andfunctionalcharacterizationof a d-AAT of eukaryotic 1196 origin Further characterizationof this d-AAT is necessary...
... existence of potentially functional domains in this extension is of importance for elucidating the roles of L-MLCK Some functional domains have already been identified in L-MLCK and, on the basis of ... muscle degeneration As mentioned above, the aggregate-containing fibers were of small size and irregular morphology, both typical of degenerative pathology In order to assess the extent offunctional ... Localization of 4Ig aggregates in mitochondria and measurements of mitochondrial respiratory activities (A) Transmission electron microscopy images of 4Ig aggregates in mitochondria of the EDL and diaphragm...
... phosphorylation, and P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptor protein expression andfunctional activity Examination of the effects of specific pharmacological agents (a single agonist and two specific antagonists of P2Y1 and ... devoid of serum for up to 96 h and examined the effect of such long-term serum starvation on cellular morphology, adhesion, proliferative and differentiation state, basal level of ERK1 ⁄ and Akt ... [phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)] [3] PTEN dephosphorylates the 3¢ position of phosphoinositides and acts as an antagonist of PI3-K, resulting in a reduction of the concentration of this kinase...
... 30 s, and 68 °C for min, yielding a single band of predicted size The DNA band was digested with NdeI and XhoI, and cloned into the NdeI and XhoI sites of pET22b The H151A mutant protein of SMC ... Biochem 271) Isolation of the bacteria from antlion M bore and preparation of the culture broth The antlions were sterilized with an aqueous 70% ethanol solution, and one of the mandibles was pulled ... SDS/PAGE of native SMC and the recombinant protein SDS/ PAGE of native SMC purified from the culture broth of B cereus (A; 10% gel) and the recombinant protein, which was expressed by E coli and subsequently...
... insensitivity of front-end desaturases and elongases to the presence of an x3-double bond andof x3-desaturases to the structure of the carboxyl end of the fatty acids, the existence of separate x3- and ... report the cloning andfunctionalcharacterizationof a D5- and a D6-fatty acid desaturase from P tricornutum Both contain the typical features of membrane-bound desaturases and a cytochrome b5 ... confirm the D5- and D6-regioselectivity of PtD5p and PtD6p, respectively (Fig 3), and to determine each substrate specificity (Table 1) PtD6p desaturated 25–30% of both 18:2D9,12 and 18:3D9,12,15...
... generate the clone pGS217 and used for analysis and sequencing 2.2 Fusions of the 5’region of GS1a to the GUS reporter gene The 981 bp sequence upstream of the translation codon was isolated from ... region of GS1a gene The clone includes 980 bp upstream of the functional ATG So far, very few studies involving genomic clones from gymnosperms have been reported in the literature [4,16,18], and ... tissues of developing seedlings and the level of the transcript was affected by developmental and light conditions [9] Here, we present the DNA sequence of a partial genomic clone containing exons of...
... of MNC isolated from SF and paired PB samples of 25 JIA patients, as well as from PB samples of 20 age-matched controls CD19+ cells were less numerous in SF than in paired PB (SF percentage of ... chemokine receptor CXCR1, CXCR2, and CXCR3 mAbs from Serotec Inc (Raleigh, NC, USA); and PE-conjugated anti-CXCR4 and CXCR5 mAbs from R&D Systems Cell staining and flow-cytometric analysis were ... such as CD80 and CD86 and presenting antigens to T cells [9] With this background, we here address the immunophenotypic andfunctionalcharacterizationof synovial B cells from JIA patients, with...
... (M), and local concentrations (C) of different species were shown The local concentration of SV was from the discrete distribution of SV and that of SE was from the SE experiments The concentration ... Expression andPurificationof ApoE Proteins Protein induction andpurification procedures have been described previously [22,23] Typical yields of the apoE(72-166) proteins were 5-10 mg after purification ... level of p = 0.95, a best fitted average anhydrous friction ratio (fr), a resolution value N of 200, and sedimentation coefficients between and 20 S For the data fitting of apoE-(72-166) in PBS and...
... Ler, Landsberg erecta Page 12 of 13 Additional file 3: Growth of AtERF13, RAP2.4 and RAP2.4L knockout and RNAi lines RNAi lines of AtERF13 and knockout lines of RAP2.4 and RAP2.4L were prepared as ... #25 and #31 denote RNAi lines (B) Single or double knockout (KO) lines of RAP2.4 and RAP2.4L Top left, expression levels of RAP2.4 and RAP2.4L in the single knockout lines of RAP2.4 (RK) and ... a positive regulator of ABA and sugar responses [35] DREB2C and maize DBF1 are also positive regulators of ABA response [36,37] On the other hand, AtERF7 [38], ABR1 [39] and AtERF4 [34] are ERF...
... types of cis-elements and orthologous transcription factors However, the identification andfunctionalcharacterizationof these types of promoters in fruit trees is lacking We have demonstrated ... regulation of these promoters in peach and Arabidopsis Figure selected accuracy of the predicted expression patterns of Evaluation of the genes by RT-PCR Evaluation of the accuracy of the predicted ... these promoters Functionalcharacterizationof these promoters (stably in A thaliana and transiently in peach fruits) demonstrates that these are peach cold-inducible promoters and that there...
... gene in S lycopersicum and S habrochaites The mRNA levels of CYC-B gene in leaf and flower, and at different stages of fruit development of S lycopersicum cv Pusa Ruby and S habrochaites genotype ... expression, and thus can be a valuable tool in understanding carotenoid metabolism in tomato Methods Isolation and cloning of ShCYC-B promoter Isolation of 5' flanking region of CYC-B gene from S ... 365 nm and emission at 455 nm The amount of 4-MU was determined from a standard curve Protein concentrations of the samples were determined using Bradford reagent (BioRad, Hercules, CA) and BSA...