policy and legal responses
Báo cáo y học: " Efficacy of the Valsalva Maneuver on Needle Projection Pain and Hemodynamic Responses During Spinal Puncture"
Ngày tải lên :
25/10/2012, 11:15
... efficacy of Valsalva
maneuver on needle projection pain and hemody-
namic responses during spinal puncture.
Methods and Materials
This randomized clinical trial was performed in
Dr.Shariati ... baroreceptor ac-
tivation and nociception, on needle projection pain and hemodynamic responses associated
with spinal puncture. Ninety adults, ASA physical status I and II undergoing elective ... rated as mild, 4–6 as moderate, and > 6 as severe.
Blood pressure and heart rate, five minutes before the procedure, during the spinal puncture
and first and third minutes after that, were...
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food neophobia among the finns and related responses to familiar and unfamiliar foods
Ngày tải lên :
03/04/2013, 21:06
... observations from Den-
mark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. In H. L. Meiselman, Dimen-
sions of the meal. The science, culture, business, and art of eating (pp.
191±201). Maryland: Aspen.
Raudenbush, B., ... Approximately similar mean
and dispersion statistics have been observed by Pliner
and Hobden (1992) in Canadian students; by Frank et
al. (1997) in US students; and by Frank and Hursti
(1999) in a ... ®nding
that was similar to US and Swedish populations (Frank
& Hursti, 1999). Education is likely to enhance the
access and exposures to various stimuli, events and
issues, and thereby it can perhaps...
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A comparative analysis of institutions, national policies, and cooperative responses to floods in Asia
Ngày tải lên :
22/10/2013, 10:15
... Social and Environmental Research, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
louis@sea-user.org
SINH Bach Tan, Science and Policy Studies Center, National Institute for Science and Technology Policy
and ... and P. G. Tran. 2006. Prevention and cure: health sector responses to flooding. Science and
Culture.
Gosh, A., and J. Roy. 2006. Coping with extreme climatic events: analysis of household and ... social and
ecological resilience and for guiding individual and collective behavior. Sixth is the
existing gap between the declared goals and mission of institutions, on the one hand,
and results...
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DEBT SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR LOW INCOME COUNTRIES : POLICY AND RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS - Part 1
Ngày tải lên :
28/10/2013, 08:15
... of public and publicly guaranteed external debt to gross domestic
product and to exports, and debt service on the same debt to exports to
judge debt sustainability. Country policies and institutional ... board. It is
recognized that there may be differences between the Bank and Fund in
these assessments and possible scenarios and it is not known how these will
be played out in the countries where ... ratings and the inputs
expected from and the involvement of national staff in the process. There
should be opportunities for the Bank to present their findings both to the
country concerned and...
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Policy and Protocols for Multivendor IP Networks
Ngày tải lên :
06/11/2013, 00:15
... 435
L1_only3A and L1_only3B Configuration 436
Viewing the Routing Table and Link-State Database 437
L1/L2_3to1 Routing Table and Link-State Database 439
L1_only3A and L1_only3B Routing Table and
Link-State ... routing protocol and routing policy
basics are covered, but the size of the book limited the depth to which each
protocol and policy could be explored.
Part 1: The Internet and the Router. These ... to create subnets and supernets and how
routers deal with IP addresses with variable-length network prefixes.
All of the necessary terminology and practices regarding subnets and
supernets are...
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DEBT SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR LOW INCOME COUNTRIES : POLICY AND RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS - Part 2
Ngày tải lên :
06/11/2013, 23:15
... discussed above
and in Annex 1. These were the PV of public and publicly guaranteed
external debt to GDP, exports, and government revenue, and debt
service on the same debt to exports, and government ... Proposal for an Operational Framework and Policy
Implications by Mark Allen and Gobind Nankani, IMF and IDA, February 3, 2004.
3
Debt Sustainability and Financing Terms in IDA 14, IDA, June ...
borrowing, foreign and domestic, public and publicly guaranteed,
private non-guaranteed, including both short- and long-term debt,
without compromising its long-term development goals and objectives....
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DEBT SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR LOW INCOME COUNTRIES : POLICY AND RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS - Part 3
Ngày tải lên :
06/11/2013, 23:15
... policies and institutional capability and
vulnerability to shocks are other factors identified as being important for
assessing a country’s debt sustainability. In particular, country policies
and ... judged by the absolute amount or PV of debt outstanding
as a ratio with GDP, exports or government revenue. The second is a
weak institutional and policy environment in the country which makes ... distress and the debt thresholds for the chosen indicators are policy decisions that
need to be made.
6
Footnote 19 in “Debt Sustainability in Low Income Countries” by Mark Allen and Gobind...
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DEBT SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR LOW INCOME COUNTRIES : POLICY AND RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS - Part 4
Ngày tải lên :
06/11/2013, 23:15
... inflation
and the current account; fiscal policy; management of external debt;
and management and sustainability of the development program;
• Structural policies, including trade policy and foreign ... financial stability and depth; banking sector
efficiency and resource mobilization; competitive environment for
the private sector; factor and product markets; and policies and
institutions ... equity and
equality of economic opportunity, equity of public resource use,
building human resources, safety nets; and poverty monitoring and
analysis; and
• Public sector management and institutions,...
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Tài liệu DEBT SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR LOW INCOME COUNTRIES : POLICY AND RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS - Part 5 docx
Ngày tải lên :
13/12/2013, 22:15
... charges and
commitment fees) materialize and upfront charges for grants are levied
(to replace foregone principal reflows) it would reduce the need to
harden the credit terms for both IDA only and ... Countries
1
Ibid footnote 3, page 10.
DEBT SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR LOW INCOME COUNTRIES:
POLICY AND RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS
Paper submitted for the G-24 Technical Group Meeting
(Washington, ... credits, and imposing
upfront charges on grant recipients. Additional grant financing by
donors is made up of two parts. The first is the upfront payment by
donors of the foregone service and commitment...
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Tài liệu DEBT SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR LOW INCOME COUNTRIES : POLICY AND RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS - Part 6 docx
Ngày tải lên :
13/12/2013, 22:15
... charges and
commitment fees) materialize and upfront charges for grants are levied
(to replace foregone principal reflows) it would reduce the need to
harden the credit terms for both IDA only and ... considerations raise questions of why countries with similar
institutional and policy performance as judged by the CPIA and similar
per capita income levels receive IDA allocations on different ...
allocations thereby weakening the desired relationship between
institutional capability and policy performance and the allocation of
funds. In view of this, IDA management has proposed an upfront...
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Tài liệu DEBT SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR LOW INCOME COUNTRIES : POLICY AND RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS - Part 7 ppt
Ngày tải lên :
13/12/2013, 22:15
... experience and little applied knowledge (e.g.,
institutional development, gender equality, and labor-intensive growth).
The United Nations has a stronger mandate to work in the political
arena and ... stock and flow problems in formulating
an appropriate borrowing strategy. A high current debt service ratio
combined with a low level of debt stock needs to be handled as a
liquidity problem and ... be kept in
mind and taken account of in determining a country’s strategy for
mobilizing external resources. Many of them are recognized and
described in the Framework Paper and mentioned again...
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Tài liệu DEBT SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR LOW INCOME COUNTRIES : POLICY AND RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS - Part 8 doc
Ngày tải lên :
13/12/2013, 22:15
... public and
Conclusions and Recommendations
59. The framework summarized in the paper
1
starts with a grouping of all
low income countries in accordance with the performance of institutions
and ... DSAs and consequently of government revenue in determining debt
indicators and their threshold values. Similarly, it is also recommended
that studies be conducted on determining indicators and ...
ratings and the inputs expected from and the involvement of national
staff in the process. There should be opportunities for the Bank to
present their findings both to the country concerned and...
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Tài liệu DEBT SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR LOW INCOME COUNTRIES : POLICY AND RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS - Part 9 pptx
Ngày tải lên :
13/12/2013, 22:15
... year
from its earnings from goods and non-factor services.
c) Public debt outstanding to GDP or GNI ratio compares the total of
domestic and external outstanding to the size of the economy. ... of exports of goods and non
factor services that is absorbed for debt service payments, i.e., interest,
principal and other payments. The basic ratio refers only to long and
medium-term debt ... of exports of goods and
non- factor services that are absorbed for debt service payments on both
long and short-term debt.
Debt Burden Ratios
a) The total debt outstanding to GDP or GNI...
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Tài liệu DEBT SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR LOW INCOME COUNTRIES : POLICY AND RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS - Part 10 doc
Ngày tải lên :
13/12/2013, 22:15
... commitment and public support and participatory processes
through which the public can influence decisions.
Structural policies
• Trade policy and foreign exchange regime. How well the policy ... Contracts are
enforced. Laws and regulations affecting businesses and individuals
are consistently applied and not subject to negotiation.
• Quality of budgetary and financial management. This ... decisions and are accountable for results and
adhering to budget.
• Transparency. Accountability and corruption in the public
sector. In countries with high scores, the reasons for decisions, and...
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Tài liệu Change Control and Policy and Workpace Management Chapter11 pptx
Ngày tải lên :
21/12/2013, 05:18
... removal policy (which kicks in when policy is
removed), and so on. Click Apply and then OK when you are done.
4667-8 ch11.f.qc 5/15/00 2:01 PM Page 410
401
Chapter 11 ✦ Change Control and Policy and ... strategy and groups and users extensively in the earlier chapters.
But before you go there, first sit down with the policy required by change management
and security, and separate out policy required ... particular
container and therefore its members (see the section “How Group Policy Works,”
later in this chapter).
The Policy
The Policy or Group Policy (GP) is the property of the GPO. The policy is the...
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