... significantly in the presence or absence ofthe b1B subunit, whereas, under the same conditions, the rate of inactivation was increased in the presence ofthe b1 subunit The effects of b1B were further assessed ... in Fig 4A–D, the rates of activation and inactivation ofthe sodium current via 4768 N Qin et al (Eur J Biochem 270) Ó FEBS 2003 Fig The effect of b1B and b1 subunits on the function and expression ... part of intron adjacent to exon (Fig 1C and Table 1) As the site of divergence between the b1 and b1B subunit cDNAs was located precisely at the exon 3/intron boundary ofthe SCN1B gene, the human...
... carried out in accordance with the guidelines laid down by the National Institutes of Health in the USA regarding the care and use of experimental animals and committee giving approval for the experiments ... cDNA The yield from the initial screening ofthe cDNA library with the 32P-labeled cDNA probe was about 260 positive clones On the final screening, 25 clones were selected on the basis ofthe strength ... Construction of expression vectors and expression ofthe fusion proteins The cDNA encoding BmKIM was amplified by PCR with forward and reverse primers The noncoding regions, the signal peptide and the...
... al Zn-binding motif andthe two disulfide bonds respectively connecting the a4-helix to the b4 strand andthe b9 strand to the b10 strand at the bottom ofthe Zn-stem loop in the pRN1 prim–pol structure ... 70 and 80 °C between 190 and 260 nm with a step increase of 0.2 nm, and a bandwidth of nm Thermal stability of Rep245 was measured by incubating the protein at 60, 70 and 80 °C for 30 and then ... the two-metal-ion mechanism of both RNA and DNA synthesis [17] In a previous study, we reported the findings of an analysis ofthe complete sequence ofthe cryptic plasmid pIT3 isolated from the...
... appearance of other d-amino acids This is the first report, for eukaryotes, of cDNA cloningandfunctionalcharacterizationof d-AAT acid aminotransferase in A thaliana tion rate of main roots and hypocotyls ... d-amino acids, was cloned and characterized This represents the first cDNA cloningandfunctionalcharacterizationof a d-AAT of eukaryotic 1196 origin Further characterizationof this d-AAT is necessary ... in the insoluble fraction Therefore, the coding regions of these ATs were subcloned into another expression plasmid, pET-41a(+), instead of pRSET-B DNA sequences ofthe coding regions of these...
... Because ofthe relative insensitivity of front-end desaturases and elongases to the presence of an x3-double bond andof x3-desaturases to the structure ofthe carboxyl end ofthe fatty acids, the ... that four different routes led to the synthesis of EPA in P tricornutum and that the preferred route relied on intermediates of both the x6- andthe x3-pathway (see Fig 1) The results presented ... the product ofthe x3-desaturase, 18:3D9,12 ,15, to 18:4D6,9,12 ,15 (see Fig 1) The selectivity of PtD6p was assayed in the presence of 125 lM of both 18:2D9,12 and 18:3D9,12 ,15 so that the four potential...
... dsRNA They suggest that the complete silencing ofthe gene transcript could not be achieved due to dilution of dsRNA in the feeding stage ofthe female tick [31] On the other hand, Acosta and coworkers ... observed the amplification by RT-PCR of a defined band of 260 bp in the saline treated group only These results suggest the possible complete degradation ofthe CHH transcript because of dsRNA ... cysteine residues at the same positions as that of other CHHs of penaeid shrimps (Fig 1B) Tissue-specific gene expression of L schmitti CHH gene The size and expression ofthe CHH mRNA in different...
... both probes were identified Their DNA was isolated and digested with Sal A southern blot (Southern, 1975) ofthe digested DNAs was made, and probed with the pOR-M7 and CS.4a probes, as described ... apart from the others, andthe divergence time has been estimated to be as high to 15 million years Since some of our data concern the coding region ofthe gene, they can be used to confirm the above ... hypothesis of recombination events occuring between the copies ofthe gene within a locus We cloned both copies ofthe amylase gene from D erecta and sequenced part ofthe coding region (containing the...
... glycinin and b-conglycinin are synthesized and translocated into the ER lumen during the maturation stage of embryogenesis Therefore, we next measured the mRNA and protein levels of GmPDIL-3a and ... top ofthe gradient is on the left, and density (gÆmL)1) is indicated on the top (B) Microsomes were treated without (lanes and 2) or with (lanes and 4) proteinase K, in the absence (lanes and ... the presence of MgCl2 In the presence of EDTA, which releases ribosomes from the rough ER [24], the peaks of GmPDIL-3a and GmPDIL-3b were shifted to the lighter sucrose fractions and therefore had...
... b-conglycinin during the course ofthe folding process of these proteins Results Cloningand expression of GmPDIL-1 and GmPDIL-2 To clone the soybean ortholog of Arabidopsis PDI-like 1-1 and PDI-like ... present in the putative boundary region between b and b¢ in GmPDIL-1, and between b and b¢ and b¢ and a¢ in GmPDIL-2, the structure of these regions may be protease resistant The activity of recombinant ... formation in the ER and may cause the accumulation of unfolded proglycinin As the active sites ofthe PDI family proteins are reduced in the ER in the presence of dithiothreitol, neither GmPDIL-1...
... of its alkaloids One ofthe alkaloids produced by this plant is the antimicrobial sanguinarine, which had been used as the component of toothpastes and mouthwashes The biosynthetic pathways of ... and open circles are untreated controls The relative expression level shows the values standardized by that of control (0 h sample) as The error bar indicates the standard error ofthe mean of ... identification andcharacterizationof other members ofthe CYP719 family, especially in evolutionally older plant species, should provide clues to better understand the diversification ofthe CYP719...
... between the fully active alpha isoform and other variants, we conducted a series of cotransfection experiments and compared ligand-induced accumulation of cAMP (Fig 3) Although the level of cAMP ... CRFR1 a, b, c and d isoforms differ in their ability to bind ligands and activate G proteins [10,16,25] CRFR1a is the most efficient in the stimulation of cAMP production, CRFR1c and CRFR1b have ... assembled by PCR of these two fragments with primers E3 and E11 Two different constructs were produced for CRFR1h isoform The first contained exons 1–4 and a fragment ofthe cryptic exon up to the translation...
... VBARP Also, the use of unsynchronized cells in these analyses further confirmed that the cytoplasmic distribution of VBARP is independent ofthe cycling stage ofthe cells Identification of biological ... further confirming the specificity of this interaction Based on these results we were able to demonstrate the formation of a complex between Vpr and VBARP Characterizationof VBARP variants The ... VBARP-S expressed the predicted molecular mass of protein similar to the in vitro 4095 Molecularcharacterizationof ANKHD1 splice variant A B Fig Expression of VBARP isoforms in vitro and in vivo:...
... elucidate the dose-dependence ofthe regulation ofthe activity ofthe zebrafish ST by these divalent metal cations and their modes of action Fig Effects of divalent metal cations on the sulfating ... identification ofthe various cytosolic STs and their biochemical characterization We report in this communication themolecularcloningand expression of two distinct zebrafish cytosolic STs The enzymatic ... dopamine and T3, whereas zebrafish SULT1 ST2 was more active toward the thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), estrone, and dopa Whether these activities reflect truly the physiological functions ofthe two...
... with Kpn I and Xba I, and ligated to the sites of pYES2 (Invitrogen), to obtain pYES2-LcIMS1 in which the ORF ofthe cDNA was ligated to the GAL1 promoter in the sense orientation The nucleotide ... cDNAs of OSCs have been cloned from higher plants, there are few reports [6,14] on their gene expression in the context ofthe physiological regulation of sterol and triterpenoid biosynthesis Molecular ... except the stationary phase, the bryonolic acid level increased during the late growth phase only [16,17] The level of isomultiflorenol synthase mRNA was high at days 16 and 20 and low at days and The...
... the differences the substrate specificity loop is coloured green in the case of Pf LDH and red in the case of Pf MDH Comparative expression of Pf MDH, Pf LDH and Pf MQO and effect of gossypol The ... only 26% between the two enzymes On the other hand the structure appears to be similar to that of Pf LDH with a rmsd of 0.8 between the Ca atoms (Fig 5) Both the cofactor andthe substrate binding ... buffers (Fig 4) The optimum pH for oxidation of malate in the presence of NAD was 10.2 and for the reduction of OAA using NADH as the cofactor it was 7.0 Further kinetic characterizationof enzyme...
... comprised ofmolecular chaperones and other functional proteins must be strengthened in response to the increased de novo synthesis of seedstorage proteins Therefore, we next measured the mRNA and ... Lys150 (K150) and R255 by N-terminal sequencing ofthe trypsin peptide fragments The N-terminal sequences of other fragments generated by protease digestion were AHHHHH and corresponded to the ... (AtPDIL2-2 and AtPDIL2-3) were identified (supplementary Fig S1) Therefore, it is possible that one ofthe bands is GmPDIM andthe other is a homolog However, it cannot be excluded that the second band...
... EMSAs To further determine the cooperation between the NEG-U and NEG-D elements, lg ofthe NEG-U decoy, lg ofthe NEG-D decoy, and a combination of lg of each ofthe decoys were used, andthe above-mentioned ... Analysis of upstream region ofthe Pokemon gene Role ofthe NEG-D element in the negative regulation ofthe Pokemon promoter F-560 The NEG-U element alone cannot negatively regulate the function ofthe ... regulation ofthe Pokemon promoter B Fig The NEG-U and NEG-D elements are necessary for the negative regulation ofthe Pokemon promoter (A) The left-hand panel shows the F-560 and mutant constructs The...
... columnar and polarized It forms the epithelial lining ofthe whole ofthe digestive tube except part ofthe mouth, pharynx andthe terminal part ofthe rectum Expectedly, it also contributes to the ... linings of all the glands which open into the digestive tube, including those ofthe liver and pancreas, the epithelium ofthe auditory tube and tympanic cavity, the trachea, bronchi, and alveoli of ... of hemoglobin in Kupffer cells) enter the intestine, and then leave the body in the feces By-products in the blood (such as urea) are filtered out by the kidneys, and then leave the body in the...
... reagent following the protocol ofthe manufacturer, and resuspended in DEPC-treated water and stored at –80°C Synthesis ofthe cDNA first strand Materials and methods Shrimp About 40 appear healthy ... together and formed a group, respectively In the tree, the black tiger shrimp shows the closest relationship with the C haematocheir, the result is similar with the result ofthe BLAST So the ... binding [36] The motif also overlaps with the GA binding motif [37] The presence ofthe EEVD motif at the C-terminal end suggests the cytosolic localization of btsHsp90 [38, 39] Andthe functional...
... demonstrated the occurrence ofthe different TKRPs in glomeruli ofthe tritocerebrum and in cells ofthe optical lobe Results Cloningof cockroach preprotachykinin cDNAs Using degenerated PCRs and RACE, ... copies of different TKRPs of all invertebrates studied so far Most ofthe 14 15 peptides predicted on each ofthe precursors could be identified in the brain and intestine ofthe two cockroach species ... number of TKRP immmunopositive cells in the brain of L maderae [16] Mainly due to good accessibility, immunoreactive glomeruli ofthe tritocerebrum and neurons in the vicinity (inner side) of the...