...
The MarginalCostofPublic Funds
Raising publicfunds to undertake investment projects involves
three types of costs:
•
collection costs: costs of running the tax office;
•
compliance costs: ... the formula for the marginalcostofpublic funds:
MC = 1 + FGCD
(ABDE - FGCB)
The costof an extra dollar ofpublicfunds is: $1 plus the additional
deadweight loss per dollar of extra funds.
Why ... of leisure demanded.
Estimates of the marginalcostofpublic funds:
In Australia and other OECD countries most estimates of the
marginal costofpublicfunds are in the 1.2 - 1.3 range....
... of substitution of wealth for risk of
serious injury to the marginal rate of substitution of wealth for risk
of death of the value of 0.1
17.
This ratio must be multiplied by the
value of ... valuation of these different catego-
ries ofmarginal external costs for the case of Belgium.
111. THE MONETARY VALUATION OF THE EXTERNAL
COSTS OF
AN
ADDITIONAL PASSENGER
CAR
KM
The external costs ... external costs
of
car use
Adding the marginal external congestion cost (MECC), marginal en-
vironmental cost (MEEC) and marginal accident externalities (MEAC),
one obtains the total short-run marginal...
... decisions.
2.1.1 Product costing
The objective of determining the costof products is of prime importance in
cost accounting. The total product cost and cost per unit of product are important ... parameters, a cost accountant delves into details
on material, manufacturing and labor costs. He includes analyses of costs versus
profitability in all areas of operation. The finer points of his ... consists of only indirect product costs.
Indirect costs cannot be easily traced to specific products; however, they are part of
the costof getting a product ready to sell. Since period costs...