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thin film metal-oxides

Ngày tải lên : 28/04/2014, 10:53

... approximately equal to the Fourier transform of the sample’s electron density distribution times its complex conjugate For partially coherent scattering probes, the total intensity is equal to the ... quite speciﬁc to the individual situation In addition, all these situations described also lead to equally fascinating kinetic effects Yet the just given compilation may already sufﬁce to arouse interest ... perovskite structure is shown in Fig 1.1a, which has a tolerance factor rA C rO Dp 2rB C rO (1.1) equal to (where rA ; rB , and rO are the ionic radii of the A-, B-, and O-site ions) The B-site cations...

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CHEMISTRY, ELECTROCHEMISTRY, AND ELECTROCHEMICAL APPLICATIONS docx

Ngày tải lên : 06/07/2014, 22:20

... 1(b) Aluminum of purity higher than 99.5% resists the attack by most acids though it dissolves in aqua regia In fact, the metal is used for storage of nitric acid, concentrated sulfuric and organic ... xylene, or their mixtures and derivatives A third component, usually an alkali metal halide or a quaternary ammonium compound, is added to increase the conductivity to a minimum of 0.1–0.6 S mÀ1 ... metal halide forms anions such as AlBr4À or Al2Br7À, which can improve the cathodic process and quality The concentration of the bromide is in the range of 25–45 wt% AlBr3 The coated substrate...

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Four wave mixing in optical fibers and its applications by osamu aso , masateru tadakuma and shu namiki

Ngày tải lên : 16/07/2014, 08:55

... for successive values of pumping power without solving the equation, and γ and ∆β were obtained by the Levenberg-Marquardt least square method 25) -10.0 wherein g is termed parametric gain, and ... Mathematically, this may be regarded as obtaining two simultaneous equations with respect to the two unknowns γ and ∆β Solving this simultaneous equation yields the nonlinear coefficient and the chromatic ... Bjorkholm, 1), 7) which in the case of DFWM is accomplished by Equation (9) This is an approximation in which the attenuation coefficient α of Equation (3) is zero and the pumping power is taken to be...

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Defect mediated novel structural, optical, electrical and magnetic properties in ti1 xtaxo2 thin films

Ngày tải lên : 09/09/2015, 18:49

... coordinated to six O ions and this TiO6 octahedron is distorted The four equatorial O ions are in the plane of (110) The equatorial Ti-O bond length is ~1.95 Å, while the apical Ti-O bond length ... function of deposition temperature; (c) Theoretical fitting of Ta substitutionality data to Arrhenius equation to calculate activation energy for Ta incorporation in Ti lattice sites………………………………………29 ... activated carrier density as a function of Ta incorporation in Ti1-xTaxO2 thin films (blue solid squares) Variation of calculated carrier density as a function of Ta incorporation in Ti1-xTaxO2...

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braunovic - electrical contacts - fundamentals, applications and technology

Ngày tải lên : 03/04/2014, 12:27

... ð1Kx2 =a2 Ky2 =a2 Þ1=2 : By using also Equation 2.13, it is easy to show that the radius of contact is calculated from Equation 2.14 and the approach from Equation 2.15 (Table 2.1) Table 2.1 presents ... scattering Essential and promising in tribological research, the STM allows one to obtain both qualitative and quantitative data about ﬁne geometric structures of friction surfaces, such as their subroughness ... between the points A1 and A2 is the following equality: w1 C w2 Z ðd1 C d2 ÞKðz1 C z2 Þ: Let d Zd1Cd2 be the approach of the contacting bodies, then this equation is rewritten as w1 C w2 Z dKr =2R:...

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Báo cáo hóa học: " Effects of silver impurity on the structural, electrical, and optical properties of ZnO nanowires" doc

Ngày tải lên : 20/06/2014, 22:20

... different Ag quantity, we have derived the Arrhenius plots of A0X peaks by PL emissions depending on thermal quenching for the SZO NWs, as shown in Figure The Arrhenius equation gives the quantitative ... properties caused by increased mobility The EDS analysis reveals the presence of Ag, Zn, and O elements Quantitative analysis of EDS reveals that Ag concentrations are proportional to those of the targets, ... case of 1SZO NW has not been observed mainly Ag orbital because it is very hard to detect a little quantity by XPS Similarly, Yuan et al [16] reported that XPS data did not show Ga element less than...

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Báo cáo hóa học: " Effect of Composition on Electrical and Optical Properties of Thin Films of Amorphous GaxSe1002x Nanorods" pptx

Ngày tải lên : 21/06/2014, 17:20

... (5 N) elements Ga and Se, in the appropriate weight proportion, are vacuum sealed (10-6 Torr) in quartz ampoules and heated up to 950°C in a furnace at a heating rate of 2–3°C/min The ampoules ... temperature and at a base pressure of about 10-6 Torr The thickness of the amorphous ﬁlms is measured by quartz crystal thickness monitor (Edward model FTM 7), and it is &4000 A0 The ﬁlms are kept in deposition ... any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited References Z.H Khan, M Zulfequar, M Ilyas, M Husain, Kh.S Begum, Curr Appl Phys 2, 167 (2002) V.V Khiminets, L.P Baranova, V.I...

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position-sensitive devices and sensor systems for optical tracking and displacement sensing applications

Ngày tải lên : 03/10/2014, 22:39

... photodiode p-channel MOS position-sensitive photodetector quadrant detector root-mean-square receiver signal-to-fluctuation ratio related to one quadrant of a receiver aperture or to one CCR, defined ... curvature of the active area boundary of a pincushion LEP; contact (quadrant) of a PSD noise equivalent bandwidth contact (quadrant) of a PSD total capacitance of a PSD refractive index structure ... of the illumination fluctuations between crosswise quadrants of a receiver aperture or between the reflections from separate CCRs; contact (quadrant) of a PSD; speed of light D lateral extent...

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Studies of cobalt and iron oxidesoxyhydroxides nanostructures for electrochemical applications

Ngày tải lên : 10/09/2015, 09:27

... composites as synergistic electrochemical capacitor materials Nanoscale, 2012, 4, 2958-2961 (# equal contribution) (Chapter 6) Lee, K K., Ng, R W Y., She, K K., Sow, C H., Chin, W S Vertically ... voltage A conversion of CoOOH nanosheets to Co3O4 nanosheets was performed, and both species were adequately characterized by a comprehensive range of techniques Comparative electrochemical studies ... images of the iron (III) oxyhydroxide/oxide nanosheets at different magnifications Scale bars are equal to µm 124 7.2 CV curves of iron (III) oxyhydroxide/oxide electrode in M KOH (a), M Na2SO4 (b)...

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Structural, electrical and optical studies on the effects of rapid thermal processing on silicon germanium carbon films

Ngày tải lên : 17/09/2015, 17:18

... Room temperature mobility (a) and hole density (b) of pure Si (solid square) and two sample sequences: The First sequence (open squares) starts with Si0.94Ge0.06 By adding carbon, while leaving the ... the shear component of the stress-induced shift The overbarred quantities denote the energy gaps for the strained layer and other quantities stand for the unstrained bulk value The hydrostatic ... Room temperature mobility (a) and hole density (b) of pure Si (solid square) and two sample sequences: The First sequence (open squares) starts with Si0.94Ge0.06 By adding carbon, while leaving the...

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Hydraulic modeling of open channel flows over an arbitrary 3-d surface and its applications in amenity hydraulic engineering

Ngày tải lên : 06/11/2012, 10:35

... pressure terms in Equations (3.33), (3.34), the momentum equation in ζ -direction of Equation (3.25) is considered If the acceleration and shear stress components are negligible, the equation can be ... Integrate over a cross-section to get 1-D equations, b Integrate the 3D equations from bottom to water surface (i.e depth averaged model) to get 2D equations (3) Pressure distribution: a Hydrostatic ... this equations system is often called as the depth-averaged or shallow water equations z h w u zｂ x Figure 2.1 Definition sketch for variables used in depth-averaged model Continuity equation:...

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English morpheme system and some applications of learning morpheme in establishing words

Ngày tải lên : 08/04/2013, 09:31

... morphemes, one of which modifies the other one E.g.: xe đạp (bicycle) xe máy (motorbike) xe (car) xe lửa (train) khó tính (be difficult to please) khó chịu (unbearable) khó nghe (be difficult ... -học) hoạ sĩ "artist" (hoạ "to draw" + -sĩ), văn sĩ "writer" (văn "literature" + -sĩ) quan sát viên "observer" (quan sát "to observe" + -viên) Some English affix: Suffix meaning example -ship State, ... Vietnamese affix Prefixes Prefix khảPhiSiêuthứlão- Meaning Examples "respectable" khả kính khả quan "satisfactory Phi nghĩa "unethical" phi phủ "non"not" governmental" Siêu thị "supermarket"...

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A CFD analysis of transport phenomena and electrochemical reactions in a tubular-shaped PEM fuel cell

Ngày tải lên : 05/09/2013, 14:58

... Figure 2.2 Model equations 2.2.1 Gas flow channels In the fuel cell channels, the gas-flow field is obtained by solving the steady-state Navier-Stokes equations, i.e the continuity equation, the mass ... mass conservation equation for each phase yields the volume fraction (r ) and along with the momentum equations the pressure distribution inside the channels The continuity equation for the gas ... [kg/m ] Two sets of momentum equations are solved in the channels, and they share the same pressure field Under these conditions, it can be shown that the momentum equations becomes; [ ⎛ ⎞ T ∇...

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Fourier and Spectral Applications part 9

Ngày tải lên : 17/10/2013, 22:15

... effect: It makes equation (13.8.4) identical to the equation that one would obtain if one estimated the harmonic content of a data set, at a given frequency ω, by linear least-squares ﬁtting to ... very nearly equal to N when the data points are approximately equally spaced, and when the sampled frequencies “ﬁll” (oversample) the frequency range from to the Nyquist frequency fc (equation 13.8.2) ... spaced, then the four quantities Sh , Ch , S2 , and C2 could be evaluated by two complex FFTs, and the results could then be substituted back through equation (13.8.12) to evaluate equations (13.8.5)...

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Fourier and Spectral Applications part 10

Ngày tải lên : 20/10/2013, 17:15

... interval of the DFT (cf equation 13.9.5) The result is that equation (13.9.6) becomes systematically inaccurate as ω increases It is a sobering exercise to implement equation (13.9.6) for an integral ... (13.9.9) (13.9.10) The key point is that equations (13.9.9) and (13.9.10) can be evaluated, analytically, once and for all, for any given interpolation scheme Then equation (13.9.8) is an algorithm for ... highest frequency sampled, since ∆ decreases with increasing M (equation 13.9.3), and the largest value of ω∆ is always just under π (equation 13.9.12) In general it is advantageous to oversample...

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Theory and Design of Electrical and Electronic Circuits

Ngày tải lên : 23/10/2013, 16:15

... measurement with and without nucleus, and µref of the previous equation is obtained It can resort to the following approximated equation to obtain the final inductance µefFINAL ~ µref (DN/D)2 ... design an inductance if we keep in mind the the graphs views and the square of laminations for the iron This way with it, of the equations L = ( N2 S / lFe ) (Bef / Hef ) where Bef yand Hef they ... something by stop " The calculations have so much the heuristic form (test and error) like algoritmic (equations) and, therefore, they will be only contingent; that is to say, that one must correct them...

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Electronics - Theory and Design of Electrical and Electronic Circuits

Ngày tải lên : 27/10/2013, 16:15

... measurement with and without nucleus, and µref of the previous equation is obtained It can resort to the following approximated equation to obtain the final inductance µefFINAL ~ µref (DN/D)2 ... design an inductance if we keep in mind the the graphs views and the square of laminations for the iron This way with it, of the equations L = ( N2 S / lFe ) (Bef / Hef ) where Bef yand Hef they ... something by stop " The calculations have so much the heuristic form (test and error) like algoritmic (equations) and, therefore, they will be only contingent; that is to say, that one must correct them...

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Real-Time Digital Signal Processing - Chapter 7: Fast Fourier Transform and Its Applications

Ngày tải lên : 28/10/2013, 05:15

... k 2p , k 0, 1, , N À 1: 7:1:25 Therefore the DFT is equal to the z-transform of a sequence x(n) of length N, evaluated at N equally spaced points on the unit circle in the z-plane Example ... twiddle factor is always unity, the variances of the quantization errors not change while propagating to the output If we assume that the quantization errors in each butterfly are uncorrelated ... using a PC or C55x simulator The output should be all zeros except X(k) and X(NÀk) These squared values are equal to 1.0 The floating-point program will be used as reference for the code development...

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Tài liệu Fuzzy Logic and NeuroFuzzy Applications in Industrial Automation doc

Ngày tải lên : 13/12/2013, 01:15

... operator is capable of controlling a crane without differential equations Chances are, if he would know how to use differential equations, he would not be a crane operator The operator does not ... THEN part The degree to which the action is valid is given by the adequateness of the rule to the current situation This adequateness is computed by the aggregation as the degree of truth of the ... reveals the quality of the final product However, this analysis information is only available a few hours later In a worst case, in this time an unusable product is made To control the quality of...

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Tài liệu Creating Applications with Mozilla-Chapter 6. Packaging and Installing Applications-P1 docx

Ngày tải lên : 14/12/2013, 12:15

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