... if the reference number consists of two numerals, these are disposed one below theotherandthe dash is placed underneath the lower numeral Spacing and dimensions ofthe marks The dimensions of ... polyethylene compound R 85 andof plain copper with polyvinyl chloride compound V 75 or silicone rubber compound S 95 A separation tape between the conductors andthe insulation, when the latter is of ... separator between the screening braid andthe sheath, when the latter is of polychloroprene or chlorosulphonated polyethylene, may be applied SECTION TWO - REQUIREMENTS 11 Conductor The conductors...
... the high and low end ofthe frequency band ofthe amplifier Flatness, on theother hand, is defined as the deviation (at any frequency in the band) from an ideal gain, which is determined theoretically ... f,3 to provide the desired gain at the frequency of operation If the application is switching, then the higher the cutoff frequency, generally the faster the switching capability ofthe device A ... modulation Then, one channel frequency is removed andthe presence of a signal at the frequency ofthe removed channel is measured The signals existing in the “off” channel are a result of triple...
... development and enhancement Since most RFID tags comprise of an antenna and chip (ASIC), the design of both are presented in the first section ofthe book The initial chapter presents the basic the theoretical ... the receiving antenna shown in Fig is a tag antenna, then the load presented to the tag antenna is a chip In fact, the transmission line between the tag antenna andthe chip is very short, hence ... applications of RFID The book is divided into two sections The first section ofthe book presents the theory and design of RFID tags – physical layer The second section ofthe book focuses on novel...
... phenomenon is easily understood since the metal beside will degrade the performance ofthe tag antenna Then, the tag antenna, the aluminum plate behind the tag antenna andthe reader antenna 25 ... definitely dependent on the computing ability ofthe equipment used The influences ofthe environment on the antenna gains and input impedance can be obtained directly, hence people may argue that the Friis ... reality the characteristic impedance ofthe transmission line between the reader antenna andthe reader is 50 Ω As for the characteristic impedance ofthe transmission line between the tag antenna and...
... the real partofthe input impedance Figures 12(a) and 12(b) present the real and imaginary partofthe input impedance as a function ofthe length ofthe stub l, respectively The imaginary part ... were taken at 2.45GHz, which is the central frequency ofthe free 2.4GHz partofthe spectrum Figure 15, 16 and 17 show the comparison between simulated and measured results and good agreement can ... dipole Figures 7(a) and 7(b) present the real and imaginary partofthe input impedance as a function of W1, respectively Figures 8(a) and 8(b) present the real and imaginary partofthe input impedance...
... diameter ofthe antenna wire is denoted by d A comprehensive treatment of this antenna has been given by Kraus [8] In Kraus’s study, the antenna current was divided across the straight partand circular ... helical antenna 3.1 Features of NMHA The structural parameters ofthe NMHA are shown in Fig 3.1 The length, diameter, and number of turns ofthe antenna are denoted by H, D, and N, respectively The ... view of antenna wire Figure 3.11 shows a cross-sectional view ofthe antenna wire The parameters W, t, and L represent the width, thickness, and total length ofthe wire, respectively, and δ is the...
... Antenna for Metal-Proximity Applications the presence and absence ofthe tap feed When the tap feed is used, the antenna impedance is exactly 50 Ω, and this confirms the effectiveness ofthe ... Figs 5. 6(a) and (b) The tap structure is rather simple Wire diameters of 0.8 mm and 0 .5 mm are selected for the antenna andthe tap, respectively Because the spacing between the antenna andthe ... that the antenna can be used in an RFID tag The simulation configuration is shown in Fig 5. 1 The antenna thickness is T, andthe size ofthe metal plate is M The spacing between the antenna and the...
... wavelength ofthe transmitting frequency by the reader, R is the distance between the antenna on the reader andthe antenna on the tag and q is the impedance mismatch factor (0 ≤ q ≤ 1) between the ... into the tap arm The antenna and IC are placed on a piece of polystyrene foam attached to the metal plate The thickness ofthe foam is 1 .5 mm, andthe size ofthe square metal plate is 0 .5 5. 4 ... andthe antenna Equation (1) assumes a polarization match between the antenna used by the reader andthe antenna on the passive tag Therefore, a good match between the passive IC andthe antenna...
... to the design and development ofthe chipless RFID tag a comprehensive literature review of RFID tags was conducted The goal ofthe literature review was to identify the niche areas of design and ... outside the operating band ofthe chipless RFID tag, hence resulting in the absence ofthe resonance This is characterized as a logic “1” bit in the spectral signature The removal ofthe shorting ... larger percentage of tags were damaged when the ground plane was present than when not However, the ground plane seemed to alter results when testing other factors Therefore, the remainder ofthe results...
... tracking If an adversary constantly observes the replies of a particular tag, she can track the movements of this tag and also the movements of a tag holder Another security problem is tag cloning ... which have been proposed in this area in Section In Section 4, we point out the vulnerabilities ofthe previous works, and then analyze the security and privacy requirements ofthe RFID tag search ... idi λ ← −−−− − then send λ = h( f (r j , ti )||n t ) ⊕ idi n t else choose random number rand and n t λ ← −−−− − verify h( f (r j , ti )||n t ) ⊕ idi then send λ = rand n t with the predefined...
... 2.7E-0 05 (16,19, 25) ( 15, 20, 25) ( 15, 19, 25) ( 15, 18, 25) 5. 590 5. 634 5. 650 5. 674 0.0009 0.00 05 0.0011 0.0012 Table The experimental results after the random sampling post process ofthe acquired data The ... velocities ofthe mobile robot(Borenstein and Feng, 1996) The systems integrate these informations to estimate the current position andthe heading angle The cost ofthe INS systems was very high andthe ... The simulation setting is the same as Section 4.1 In addition, we calculate the center of mass andthe variances ofthe sample point of each partitions The results are represented in Fig 14 and...
... 2008) The Q-value depends on the inductance and resistance ofthe tag’s pick-up coil These values will be distorted in the presence ofthe munition If the Qvalue for the tag is too low, the tag ... signal to the tag and (2) receiving a signal from the tag These two cases are independent because the amplitude ofthe signal received by the munition-mounted tag andthe amplitude ofthe field ... navigates over the floor covered with tags, the antenna reads the positional information from the tag within the sensing region, which is then sent to the reader through the coaxial cable The reader...
... diameter ends There are other factors that can alter the field on the surface ofthe munition For example, the presence ofother permeable or conductive material, such as the remnants of exploded ... expected, the presence ofthe munition decreased the inductance and increased the resistance ofthe tag’s circuit, thereby lowering the Q-value Figure 11 shows the induced eddy currents that change the ... positions ofthe tagged surrogates, andthe diamonds indicate the position ofthe center ofthe transmit coil when data sets were recorded The depth of each tagged surrogate is indicated with text The...
... of CM is valuable Number of transmitted bits 600000 50 0000 BS- CM (0.125q) 400000 BS- CM (0.25q) 300000 BS- CM (0.5q) 200000 BS- CM (q) BS 100000 250 50 0 1000 2000 4000 Number of tags Fig The identification ... solution depends on the number of tags, i.e q, andthe position of these tags, i.e which leaf nodes they are located Moreover, the impact weight ofthe number of tags is more important than theother ... 0.25q For the aspect ofthe identification delay (Fig 5) , BS- CM (0.5q) shows the best performance as the total interrogation cycles for identifying all tags is reduced between 15. 5% (q= 250 ) and 17.7%...
... or 80kHz) is generated after the assignment, then it begins to process the data right shift, encoding and CRC generation and checking CRC -5 and CRC-16 checking The main purpose ofthe Cyclic Redundancy ... fulfill it When the assignments of writing the FIFO in all tags are finished, a signal is given to the FGPA, and when the FPGA gets the signal, it begins to assign the data for the FIFO Each ... the discord between the I Q branches, but needs a high quality AD converter The DSP and FPGA chips are the cores ofthe baseband board, and this kind of system scheme is more and more prevalent...
... 0.1 35 ≤ f < 0 .140 42 0 .140 ≤ f < 0 .14 85 37.7 0 .14 85 ≤ f < 30 -5 0.3 15 ≤ f < 0.600 -5 3. 155 ≤ f < 3.400 13 ,5 7.400 ≤ f < 8.800 9 10.20 ≤ f < 11.00 10 6.7 65 ≤ f < 6.7 95 13 .55 3 ≤ f < 13 .56 7 26. 957 ... Distance from the center on axis of symmetry of RWD antenna loop 100 z, m Fig Magnetic field strength for the transmitting antennas operating at the frequency of 1 25 kHz and 13 .56 MHz with a ... between the specified point ofthe RWD’s andthe midpoint ofthe tag’s antenna loop It is very important because the magnetic field generated around the RWD’s antenna loop is not only medium of...
... In FSA, when the number of tags is much larger than the number of slots, the identification delay increases considerably On theother hand, if the number of tags is low andthe number of slots ... use the magnetic vector potential A when determining induction B in the tag placement area The dependences (40) and (42) show that there is continuity of vector potential at the boundary in the ... round the ferrite cores with a length of 0.1 25 m, diameter of 0.0 05 m and initial permeability of 20 Highlighted the discrepancy between simulation results and measurements was at the level of 3-4...
... the fundamental matrix, D, ofthe absorbing chain (Kemeny, 2009): D = ( I − F )−1 (4) As usual, I denotes the identity matrix, and F denotes the submatrix of P without absorbing states Then, c = ... row vector is denoted as V , the i-th component of a vector is denoted ( V )i, and σ( V ) denotes the sum ofthe values ofthe components of a vector V For the sake of simplicity, let us assume ... “orthogonal sequences”, andtheother is called “pseudo random sequences” For instance, the well-known Walsh code is one ofthe orthogonal sequences and another well-known Gold code is one of widely...