... obtained on data consisting of
both explicit and implicitrelations (Wellner et al.,
2006; Soricut and Marcu, 2003). Implicit relations
are those inferred by the reader in the absence of
a discourse ... right sibling, Right Sib-
ling Contains a VP and Right Sibling Contains
a Trace.
3 Discourse vs. non -discourse usage
Of the 100 connectives annotated in the PDTB,
only 11 appear as a discourse ... improvement over those ob-
tained by Marcu (2000) in his corpus-based ap-
proach which achieves an f-score of 84.9%
3
for
identifying discourse connectives in text. While
bearing in mind that the evaluations...
... qua một quảng cáo in- text. Còn khách hàng quảng cáo thì chỉ trả
cho Vibrant dựa trên số lần mà người đọc thực sự click chuột vào quảng cáo đó.
Thống kê cho thấy, quảng cáo in- text thu hút lượng ... cáo. Tuy nhiên, danh
sách những từ ngữ này cũng thay đổi liên tục.
Tờ Indianapolis Star đã bắt đầu áp dụng quảng cáo in- text từ tháng 8 vừa qua.
Partricia Miller, Giám đốc phụ trách quảng cáo ... khi tỷ lệ độc giả trỏ chuột và nhấp
vào các quảng cáo in- text là từ 3% đến 10%, tùy vào loại sản phẩm quảng cáo.
(Theo Vneconomy/BusinessWeek)
...
... analy-
sis of discourse segments in direction-giving mono-
logues. In Proc. of ACL.
E. Hovy. 1993. Automated discourse generation using
discourse structure relations. Articial Intelligence, ...
discourse purpose/intention. Satisfying the main
discourse purpose is achieved by satisfying several
smaller purposes/intentions organized in a hierar-
chical structure. As a result, the discourse ... result, the instruction did not match
the initial essay quality. Nonetheless, in the open-
question interviews, many users indicated using
the NM as a reference while updating their essay.
In addition...
...
proach is described in more detail in a separate
paper [Grote, Stede 1998].
4 Using DiMLex intext
understanding
In text understanding, discourse markers serve
as cues for inferring the rhetorical ... tasks of determining the set of words we
regard as discourse markers and thus are to be
included in the lexicon, and determining the lex-
ical entries for these words.
Finding the "right" ... Language Translation, Madrid, 1997.
K. Vander Linden, J. Martin. "Expressing rhetorical
relations in instructional text& quot; In: Computational
Linguistics 21(1):29-58, 1995.
L. Wanner, E....
... straightforward, in that the pre-
supposed generalisation "John likes many kinds of
wine" is presented explicitly in the text. 6 In the re-
maining cases, the generalisation must be inferred.
In ... source within the
discourse, the presupposition seems to link the
clause containing the presupposition-bearing
(p-bearing) element to that source. However,
as with pronominal and definite NP ...
9:333-377.
Bonnie Webber and Aravind Joshi. 1998. Anchor-
ing a lexicalized tree-adjoining grammar for dis-
course. In
Coling/ACL Workshop on Discourse
Relations and Discourse Markers,
pages 86-92,...
... com-
mon in well-written texts.
3 Determining discourserelations using
Naive Bayes classifiers
We hypothesize that we can determine that a CON-
TRAST relation holds between the sentences in (3)
even ... relationsin Section 2.2.) In
other respects though, our approach is more ambi-
tious because it focuses on the problem of recog-
nizing such discourserelationsin unrestricted texts.
In other ... un-
derstood in isolation, but in relation to other sen-
tences/clauses. Given the high level of interest in
explaining the nature of these relations and in pro-
viding definitions for them (Mann...
...
(such as acknowledging utterances by others and not inter-
rupting) as well as some extra goals coming from the domain
setting to maintain a shared view of the world and the domain
plans which ... Domain Plan Negotiation
6. High-level Discourse Goals
4
architecture can handle varying degrees of initiative, while
remaining responsive. The default behavior is to allow the
user to maintain ... role in
accounting for the interactions in dialog. Obligations do not
replace the plan-based model, but augment it. The result-
ing model more readily accounts for discourse behavior in
adversarial...
... Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012
The Textile Institute and Woodhead Publishing
The Textile Institute is a unique organisation in textiles, clothing and footwear.
Incorporated in England by ...
discount merchandising, opening its fi rst Target discount store in 1962. In 1966 it
branched out into discount book selling. Through growing expertise in sourcing
and buying in bulk, strong fi ... example, IBM (International Business Machine), 3M (Minnesota and
Mining) or even retailers such as the Dayton-Hudson Corporation, now operating
as Target.
The International Business Machine Company...
... Webber's rules to detect modal
and other index-binding contexts. In representing
DEs for indefinites
(appearing as
existential formulae
in our meaning representation), we replaced
Webber's ... DEs originating
from non-linguistic sources, such as pointing actions,
were taken into account. The discourse entities are
used in intra- and extra-sentential pronoun resolution
in BBN Janus. ... Joshi, Aravind K., Weinstein, Scott.
(1983). Providing a Unified Account of Definite
Noun Phrases in Discourse, Proceedings of
the 21st Annual Meeting of the ACL.
Cambridge, MA: ACL.
Hinrichs,...
... The Rein-
venting Government Movement has been incorporated into several chapters. In-
terest-based ("win-win") negotiation is a prominent theme in discussions of the
bargaining process ... countries, unions in neither government nor industry have done an effective
job of attracting members and winning bargaining rights. Two special factors
seem to be operating in the Sunbelt to ... representation both in the rank and file and in leadership
positions.
Blaylock was instrumental in convincing AFGE convention delegates in
1976 to approve a resolution supporting extension of the...
... B. Tenenbaum. 2005. Integrating topics and
syntax. InIn Advances in Neural Information Pro-
cessing Systems 17, pages 537–544. MIT Press.
646
to an approximation. Following Griffiths et al.
(2005), ... Some
future work includes applying this model to areas
such as topic tracking and text segmentation, and
coherently adjusting it to fit an n-gram modeling
approach.
Acknowledgments
William Darling is supported ... statistically significant increases.
5 Conclusions and Future Work
This paper has described using a domain-
independent document modeling approach of
avoiding low-content syntax words in an NLP task
where...
... machines intext categorization. In Pro-
ceedings of the 20th International Conference on
Computational Linguistics (COLING 2004), pages
487–493.
Yiming Yang and Xin Liu. 1999. A re-examination
of ... to
the baseline. The best performance was obtained
when using a boolean feature value, and setting the
minimum number of occurrence in training data to
three (giving an F-measure of 56.9%).
In the ... text categorization methods. In Proceedings of
the 22nd Annual International ACM SIGIR Confer-
ence on Research and Development in Information
Retrieval, pages 42–49.
544
uments in the training...
... for training and testing. The combined total
number of sentential contexts for our 453 NCs was
7,714, containing 1,165 distinct main verbs.
We next randomly split the NC data into 80%
training data ... disambiguation. In Proceedings of the Fourth
International Conference on Intelligent Text Processing
and Computational Linguistics.
Siddharth Patwardhan. 2003. Incorporating dictionary and
corpus information ... Baldwin and Takaaki Tanaka. 2004. Transla-
tion by machine of compound nominals: Getting it right.
In In Proceedings of the ACL 2004 Workshop on Multi-
word Expressions: Integrating Processing,...