... translator.
The C source code presented in this document is hereby granted to the public domain, and is
completely free of any license restriction.
Educators are freely encouraged to recommend ... Attribution- Noncommercial- No Derivative Works 3.0 License. To view
a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ or
send a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, ... data back; people
call it passing by reference. But no fancy-schmancy name will distract you from the fact that
EVERYTHING you pass to a function WITHOUT EXCEPTION is copied onto the stack and...
...
declarations are needed in file2 and file3 to connect the occurrences of the variable. The usual practice is to collect
extern declarations of variables and functions in a separate file, historically ... */
http://freebooks.by.ru/view/CProgrammingLanguage/chapter1.html (7 of 30) [5/15/2002 10:13:14 PM]
Chapter 1 - A Tutorial Introduction
automatic henceforth to refer to these local variables. (Chapter 4 discusses the static storage class, ... in comparisons with
other characters.
Certain characters can be represented in character and string constants by escape sequences like \n
(newline); these sequences look like two characters,...
... std::cout
– “Connected” to screen
– <<
• Stream insertion operator
• Value to right (right operand) inserted into output stream
• Escape characters
– \
– Indicates “special” character ... main
Welcome
to
C+ +!
Using newline characters to
print on multiple lines.
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
2
History of C and C+ +
• History of C
– Evolved from two other programming languages
• ... program
executes.
Compiler
Compiler creates
object code and stores
it on disk.
Linker links the object
code with the libraries,
creates a.out and
stores it on disk
Editor
Preprocessor
Linker
CPU
Primary
Memory
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Disk
Disk
Disk
Disk
Disk
2003...
... terminology in other languages. We will use the
term automatic henceforth to refer to these local variables. (
Chapter 4
discusses the
static
storage class, in which local variables do retain ... This is the topic of the next section.
1.9 Character Arrays
The most common type of array in C is the array of characters. To illustrate the use of
character arrays and functions to manipulate ... then
extern
declarations are needed in
file2
and
file3
to connect the occurrences of the
variable. The usual practice is to collect
extern
declarations of variables and functions in a
separate...
... 18
Contents
www.it-ebooks.info
ptg6843614
Advantages 11
Refactoring and Enhancing
It’s hard to know exactly how far to go in design and how much com-
plexity to add to a system in your initial cut at creating it. Because complex-
ity is ... client code couples to those particular objects
when it should not. If we can hide the objects’ concrete types, we’ll
make the calling code simpler and the system more maintainable.
Perspectives
A ...
www.it-ebooks.info
ptg6843614
4 Chapter 1 • Programming by Intention
• Each token must be normalized (first character uppercase, all oth-
ers lowercase, spaces and nonalphanumeric characters removed).
• Transactions...
...
consultant whose clients have included
The Weather Channel, CBS, Burton, and
Microsoft.
Scott Seely, an architect at MySpace,
works on the OpenSocial API, one of
the world’s most successful ... Services
• Leveraging Microsoft’s Azure cloud-computing platform to build innovative new
services
• Choosing the right .NET technology for each REST application or service
Effective REST Services ... later, the Photo Service responds, letting us know of any
issues or if the account creation was successful. For any issues, we need to
notify the user. If the account creation was successful, we...
... information
about Creative Commons licenses, go to http://creativecommons.org
or send a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San
Francisco, California, 94105, USA.
To cite this book, ... corresponding device into the controller being built.
If, on the other hand, the goal is to synthesise analogue electrical circuits,
the function set might include components such as transistors, ... solutions to the problem. This is
analogous to the process by which an egg grows into a chicken. For example,
if the goal is the automatic creation of an electronic controller for a plant,
the function...
... evo-
lution of structured and grammatically-constrained programs. In particular,
we consider: modular and hierarchical structures including automatically de-
fined functions and architecture-altering ... that GP can easily construct
these two important constants.
To
Caterina, Ludovico, Rachele and Leonardo
R.P.
Susan and Thomas
N.F.M.
Contents
Contents xi
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Genetic Programming ... business committee member
(2005), and competition chair (2006) of ACM’s Genetic and Evolutionary
Computation Conference, co-chair of the Foundations of Genetic Algorithms
Workshop (2002) and technical...
... reference guides, technical Q&A documents, and sample code. For
example, you could click on Audio Toolbox Framework Reference and then use the
Bookmarks toolbar button to find your way back here ... an
object-oriented background such as Cocoa. Setting aside the comforting warmth of
Objective -C to take the reins of C can certainly be scary, but with a little understanding,
you’ll come to see ... the com-
plexity necessary to convert them into canonical data.We work through an exam-
ple that directly uses Audio Converter Services to convert a compressed file to an
uncompressed version...
... is designed to
work well with the Common Language Specification (CLS). The CLS defines a set of
basic language features that all CLS-compliant languages are expected to be able to
consume; unsigned ... data, and a con-
structor. Assuming that the source code of the example is stored in the file acme.cs, the
command line
csc /t:library acme.cs
compiles the example as a library (code without ... executed, the IL code in an
assembly is automatically converted to processor-speci c code by the Just-In-Time (JIT)
compiler of .NET Common Language Runtime.
Because an assembly is a self-describing...
... 46
/THE
COMPLETE
GUIDE
TO
LEARNING
A
LANGUAGE
inspection copies
for
teachers
to
look
at
before they decide
to
buy.
Your ideal
course
book's
content should match your mind
map
... / THE
COMPLETE GUIDE
TO
LEARNING
A
LANGUAGE
2.
You may
have
work contacts abroad where
it
would
be
useful
to
speak their
language.
My
husband
decided
to
learn Dutch because
... ability
can be
greatly enhanced.
Courses
where
the
cost
of the
cassette
or CD
does
not
include
the
right
to
copy
are a lot
cheaper.
La
Jolie
Ronde,
French
for
children,...
... Sumser
Project Manager: Beth Christmas
Copy Edit Manager: Nicole LeClerc
Copy Editor: Linda Marousek
Assistant Production Director: Kari Brooks-Copony
Production Editor: Linda Marousek
Compositor: Susan ... testing tools are
geared specifically for the GUI. If your project is to test the application’s GUI, then certain
automated testing tools, commercial or open source, may be a better choice than ... for it, contact the authors at
msweeney@sammmamishsoftware.com or rroot@rootsource4training.com.
The Practice Files: Answers to Exercises and Demo Code
Each chapter, beginning with Chapter 2,...