example of singular and plural nouns in a sentence

... competencies, and standards for referrals and sharing of clinical informa- tion that may improve current and future cross-discipli- nary coordination of care for chest pain patients. Clinical and health ... practices and standardization of care Participants reported that standardizing care within pro- fessions may facilitate opportunities for interprofessional referrals, that guidelines and care ... well as the need to ascertain and improve those skills, competencies, and standards for referrals and sharing of clinical information that may improve cross-disciplinary coordination of care for...

... cisplatin-damaged DNA: a clue to anticancer activity of cisplatin. FASEB J 12, 791–799. 30 Kasparkova J & Brabec V (1995) Recognition of DNA interstrand cross-links of cis-diamminedichloroplatinu- m(Ii) ... Katayama H, Sasai K, Kawai H, Yuan ZM, Bondaruk J, Suzuki F, Fujii S, Arlinghaus RB, Czerniak BA & Sen S (2004) Phosphorylation by aurora kinase A induces Mdm2-mediated destabilization and inhibition of ... Crystal structure of double-stranded DNA containing the major adduct of the anticancer drug cisplatin. Nature 377, 649–652. 29 Zlatanova J, Yaneva J & Leuba SH (1998) Proteins that specifically...

... [8] indicate that its alanine- glyoxylate aminotransferase activity is not favored over aminobutyrate-pyruvate, b-alanine-pyruvate and dimethylarginine-pyruvate aminotransferase activities. In ... enolase and carbonic anhydrase 3 were downregu- lated. Comparable amounts of b-actin were present in AgxtKO and wild-type cytosolic fractions, and the absence of AGT1 protein in AgxtKO samples was ... for preparative gels [11] or silver nitrate for analyti- cal gels [12]. Image capture and analysis Gels were scanned using a UMAX scanner (Amersham Biosciences, Barcelona, Spain) and the images...

... questionnaire. Table 1 summarizes the demographic data. Mean age was 68 years old (quartile range: 59-77). The major ethnicities were European American (44%), African American (37%) and Hispanic Ameri- can ... 2010.11.12 Abstract Purpose: We assess the prevalence of overactive bladder (OAB) a n d i t s r i s k f actors i n a m a l e urologic veterans population. Materials and Methods: Validated self-administered ... Prevalence of Overactive Bladder, its Under-Diagnosis, and Risk Factors in a Male Urologic Veterans Population Wellman W Cheung 1  , William Blank 1 , Dorota Borawski 1 , William Tran 1 , Martin H...

... Enhancing Performance of Solar air heater Proceedings of XVII National and VI ISHME/ASME Heat and Mass Transfer Conference, IGCAR, Kalpakkam India 2004; Jan. 05-07. [2] Han J. C. “Heat transfer ... reasonable accuracy. In a recent study, Cho et al. [12] investigated the effect of a gap in the inclined rib on heat transfer in a square duct and reported that a gap in the inclined rib accelerates ... India [22] Tariq, A. , Keshav Kant and Panigrahi, P. K., “Heat transfer enhancement using an internally threaded tube”, Proceeding of the 4th ISHMT-ASME and 15th National Conference on Heat and...

... in Palapye are mining and quarrying, manufacturing (including repair of machinery and equipment), construction, wholesale and retail trade (including repair of motor vehicles and personal household ... in Palapye. The mandate of the Land Board is to administer land applications and allocations. The District Council, which is composed of the local political leadership and local civil servants, ... HSRC. A total of 828 parents/guardians of OVC were interviewed, 505 in Palapye and 323 in Letlhakeng. The pattern of responses in Palapye and Letlhakeng were very similar. The majority of parents/guardians...

... older than one year of age, pelvic masses of genital origin account for 3–4% of abdominal masses and 80% of these genital masses are ovarian in origin. Sonography was reliable in determining the ... The main symptoms of vulvovaginal infections are vaginal discharge (53%), erythema (15%) and pruritus (27%) (Koumantakis et al. 1997). Vaginal discomfort, urinary symptoms and an abnormal odor can ... embarrassment, lack of control during the examination and insufficient knowledge of the examination. In a German study 169 girls up to 16 years of age, who had been examined at a pediatric and adolescent...

... 2008;2(1):42-45 Memory loss is one of the most common complaints  arising in consultations with elderly people, being reported  by 25% to 50% of these individuals. 1  However, whether  these subjective memory complaints (SMC) are related to  objective memory deficits or to subsequent development  of dementia, remains a matter of debate. A recent review found that SMCs are not consistently  associated with current cognitive impairment, but rather  are associated with a greater risk of future cognitive de- cline. 2  Indeed, the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment  (MCI), which entails an increased likelihood of conversion  to dementia, demands the existence of SMCs, preferably  confirmed by an informant. 3 High age, female gender and low educational level are  generally associated with a higher prevalence of memory  complaints. 1 In an autopsy study, SMCs were found to be  related to the presence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathol- ogy in elderly with and without dementia, suggesting that  memory complaints in older persons may be a sign of self  awareness of a degenerative process. 4 However, SMCs might also be related to depression and some personality traits, such as neuroticism. 2  It is also pos- sible that these complaints vary according to the culture of the people studied. In a recent Brazilian study, Minett et  al. found that subjects with and without SMCs performed  similarly in a series of cognitive tests, although the former  had higher scores on the Geriatric Depression Scale. 5 The present study aimed to further investigate this topic  in a group of cognitively healthy Brazilian elderly subjects  which were divided into two subgroups according to the  presence of SMCs and submitted to brief cognitive tests. Methods Sixty cognitively intact elderly individuals (39 females  and 21 males), aged 69.9±6.3 years (ranging from 60 to 91  years), and with mean educational level of 8.5±5.5 years  (ranging from 1 to 20 years), were included in the study.  These individuals were family caregivers of demented pa- tients followed at the Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology  Unit of the Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University  of Minas Gerais, in Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil, and also  volunteers recruited from the community. Inclusion criteria were absence of neurological or psy- chiatric diseases according to a clinical interview, absence  of depression (see below), and no use of benzodiazepines,  antidepressants or neuroleptics.  All participants were submitted to the Mini-Mental  State-Examination (MMSE) 6,7 and to the Cornell scale of depression. 8,9  Performance on the MMSE was adjusted for  educational level and had to be greater than or equal to 21  for 1-3 years of schooling, greater than or equal to 24 for  4-7 years and greater than or equal to 26 for individuals  with 8 or more years of schooling. 10  Scores on the Cornell  scale of depression had to be less than or equal to 7 points  in order to rule out depression. 8 Cognitive evaluation was carried out with the follow- ing tests: the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery (BCSB) 11,12 ,  digit span forward and backward and the Frontal Assess- ment Battery (FAB). 13,14  The BCSB includes a memory test  of 10 simple figures and yields different scores, namely:  incidental and immediate memory, learning, delayed recall  and recognition. 15,16  The battery also includes a category  fluency test (animals per minute) and clock drawing and has proven very sensitive in the diagnosis of mild AD. 12  The  FAB is a brief diagnostic instrument for the assessment of executive functions in patients with suspected frontal lobe  syndrome. 13 All individuals were given a structured self-report  memory questionnaire, the MAC-Q. 17  This questionnaire  was devised to assess age-related memory decline. It is  composed by six questions related to memory function- ing in everyday situations (e.g., to remember a telephone  number that he/she uses at least once a week) in which  the subject is asked to compare and rate his/her current  ability to when he/she was 40 years’ old. The total score on  the MAC-Q ranges from 7 to 35, where greater scores in- dicate subjective memory loss. Scores greater than or equal  to 25 have been found to be suggestive of age-associated  memory impairment. Accordingly, in the present study,  the individuals were divided into two groups: absence of SMCs (MAC-Q scores <25) and presence of SMCs (MAC- Q scores ≥25). The performance of the two groups on the  different cognitive tests was compared. One of the authors administered the MMSE, the Cor- nell scale and the MAC-Q. Subsequently, the other inves- tigator, blinded to the subjects’ results for these three mea- sures, administered the cognitive evaluation. Descriptive analysis of the data and statistical compari- sons between the performances of the two groups on the  different cognitive tests were carried out with MedCalc  software. Student’s t-test was used for comparison of age,  educational level and MMSE scores, as well as for the results  of the other cognitive tests (digit span, BCSB and FAB).  Chi-square was employed for comparing gender distribu- tion of the two groups. Level of significance was set at 0.05.  The study was approved by the Research Ethics ... 2008;2(1):42-45 Memory loss is one of the most common complaints  arising in consultations with elderly people, being reported  by 25% to 50% of these individuals. 1  However, whether  these subjective memory complaints (SMC) are related to  objective memory deficits or to subsequent development  of dementia, remains a matter of debate. A recent review found that SMCs are not consistently  associated with current cognitive impairment, but rather  are associated with a greater risk of future cognitive de- cline. 2  Indeed, the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment  (MCI), which entails an increased likelihood of conversion  to dementia, demands the existence of SMCs, preferably  confirmed by an informant. 3 High age, female gender and low educational level are  generally associated with a higher prevalence of memory  complaints. 1 In an autopsy study, SMCs were found to be  related to the presence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathol- ogy in elderly with and without dementia, suggesting that  memory complaints in older persons may be a sign of self  awareness of a degenerative process. 4 However, SMCs might also be related to depression and some personality traits, such as neuroticism. 2  It is also pos- sible that these complaints vary according to the culture of the people studied. In a recent Brazilian study, Minett et  al. found that subjects with and without SMCs performed  similarly in a series of cognitive tests, although the former  had higher scores on the Geriatric Depression Scale. 5 The present study aimed to further investigate this topic  in a group of cognitively healthy Brazilian elderly subjects  which were divided into two subgroups according to the  presence of SMCs and submitted to brief cognitive tests. Methods Sixty cognitively intact elderly individuals (39 females  and 21 males), aged 69.9±6.3 years (ranging from 60 to 91  years), and with mean educational level of 8.5±5.5 years  (ranging from 1 to 20 years), were included in the study.  These individuals were family caregivers of demented pa- tients followed at the Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology  Unit of the Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University  of Minas Gerais, in Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil, and also  volunteers recruited from the community. Inclusion criteria were absence of neurological or psy- chiatric diseases according to a clinical interview, absence  of depression (see below), and no use of benzodiazepines,  antidepressants or neuroleptics.  All participants were submitted to the Mini-Mental  State-Examination (MMSE) 6,7 and to the Cornell scale of depression. 8,9  Performance on the MMSE was adjusted for  educational level and had to be greater than or equal to 21  for 1-3 years of schooling, greater than or equal to 24 for  4-7 years and greater than or equal to 26 for individuals  with 8 or more years of schooling. 10  Scores on the Cornell  scale of depression had to be less than or equal to 7 points  in order to rule out depression. 8 Cognitive evaluation was carried out with the follow- ing tests: the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery (BCSB) 11,12 ,  digit span forward and backward and the Frontal Assess- ment Battery (FAB). 13,14  The BCSB includes a memory test  of 10 simple figures and yields different scores, namely:  incidental and immediate memory, learning, delayed recall  and recognition. 15,16  The battery also includes a category  fluency test (animals per minute) and clock drawing and has proven very sensitive in the diagnosis of mild AD. 12  The  FAB is a brief diagnostic instrument for the assessment of executive functions in patients with suspected frontal lobe  syndrome. 13 All individuals were given a structured self-report  memory questionnaire, the MAC-Q. 17  This questionnaire  was devised to assess age-related memory decline. It is  composed by six questions related to memory function- ing in everyday situations (e.g., to remember a telephone  number that he/she uses at least once a week) in which  the subject is asked to compare and rate his/her current  ability to when he/she was 40 years’ old. The total score on  the MAC-Q ranges from 7 to 35, where greater scores in- dicate subjective memory loss. Scores greater than or equal  to 25 have been found to be suggestive of age-associated  memory impairment. Accordingly, in the present study,  the individuals were divided into two groups: absence of SMCs (MAC-Q scores <25) and presence of SMCs (MAC- Q scores ≥25). The performance of the two groups on the  different cognitive tests was compared. One of the authors administered the MMSE, the Cor- nell scale and the MAC-Q. Subsequently, the other inves- tigator, blinded to the subjects’ results for these three mea- sures, administered the cognitive evaluation. Descriptive analysis of the data and statistical compari- sons between the performances of the two groups on the  different cognitive tests were carried out with MedCalc  software. Student’s t-test was used for comparison of age,  educational level and MMSE scores, as well as for the results  of the other cognitive tests (digit span, BCSB and FAB).  Chi-square was employed for comparing gender distribu- tion of the two groups. Level of significance was set at 0.05.  The study was approved by the Research Ethics ... envelhecimento,memúria,cogniỗóo,testesneuropsicolúgicos. BehavioralandCognitiveNeurologyUnit,DepartmentofInternalMedicine,FacultyofMedicine,FederalUniversityofMinasGerais,BeloHorizonte, Brazil. Paulo Caramelli  –  Department of Internal Medicine / Faculty of Medicine / Federal University of Minas Gerais - Avenida Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190 /  Room 246 - 30130-100 Belo Horizonte MG - Brazil. E-mail: caramelp@usp.br Received 01/30/2008. Received in final form 02/19/2008. Accepted 02/19/2008. ...

... KRISHNAMURTHY AND K. CHAUDHURI Table 3. Population aged 5 years and above (examined at I and II surveys) at II survey by infection status Status of tuberculous infection Number % to total population ... T.J. Alamelu for secretarial help and Mr B.R. Narayana Prasad graphics. References Krishnamurthy, VV, Nair, SS, Gothi, GD, a Chakraborty, AK. Incidence of Tuberculosis among newly infected ... The authors are grateful to Dr A. K. Chakraborty, Deputy Director, CGHS, Bangalore for his comments and suggestions at the draft stage of the paper, Mrs.Anuradha for statistical assistance,...

... acids 1–36), we retained amino acid 36, an alanine, rather than using amino acid 37, a lysine, because it is known that, after a post-translational processing of the N-terminal methionine, which often occurs ... compilation ê 2010 FEBS 2089 Role of the C-terminal extension in a bacterial tyrosinase Michael Fairhead and Linda Tho ă ny-Meyer EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, ... tyrosinase domain [1]. One proposed function of the C-terminal extension in plant and fungal polyphenol oxidases is a role in membrane binding, making them similar to the mam- malian tyrosinases,...

... Self-reported traffic exposure was associated with asthma diagnosis and COPD diagnosis, and with asthma symptoms. Annual average NOx was associated with COPD diagnosis and symptoms of asthma and chronic ... residential addresses to a Swedish road database and an emission database for NOx. Results: Living within 100 m of a road with >10 cars/minute (compared with having no heavy road within this distance) ... railroad, industries and larger energy and heat pro- ducers, small scale heating, working machines, working vehicles, and working tools. Meteorological data were also included. A modified Gaussian...

... mental health and learning disability; ã health and social care staffing levels; ã access to GPs and primary care; ã childrens services; ã reducing the costs of administration and management; ... services Given the increasing and changing nature of the population, changing practices in medicine and increased expectations of the public, the gap between demand for services and current provision ... Northern Ireland average; ã 50% higher rates of smoking related deaths; and ã 120% higher rates of alcohol related deaths. Health and Social Care alone cannot fully address the inequalities...

... Yolande Shean, and data management by Dr Khangelani Zuma is greatly appreciated. ã Prof Karl Peltzer and Dr Anna Strebel for editing the final version of this report. ã Data management was undertaking ... data management was done by the Surveys, Analysis, Mapping and Modelling (SAMM) programme of HSRC. The data were captured double-entry by using SPSS and were also analysed using the same package. ... on orphans and vulnerable children (OVC), as well as families and households coping with an increased burden of care for affected children in Botswana, South Africa and Zimbabwe. There are currently...