essenal of pharmaceutical chemistry
Tài liệu THE VOCABULARY AND CONCEPTS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY pptx
Ngày tải lên :
13/12/2013, 16:15
... edition. One
of the most obvious of these is in the title, which has been expanded to The
Vocabulary and Concepts of Organic Chemistry in recognition of the fact that in
addressing the language of a ... assignments of
H and He. It does not, however, indicate a group number assignment to any of the
two rows of inner transition metals consisting of 14 elements each (which would
require 32 instead of 18 ... the overlap of a carbon sp
3
orbital and a hydrogen 1s orbital. Each bond is a
result of the pairing of two electrons, one from each of the bonded atoms, and the
electron density of the shared...
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Fundamentals of organic chemistry
Ngày tải lên :
15/01/2014, 12:45
... energy state of the molecule.
3.
Overlap of hybridized orbitals:
1) The positive lobe of the sp
3
orbital is large and is extended quite far into space.
Figure 1.13 The shape of an sp
3
... The shape of an sp
3
orbital.
Figure 1.14 Formation of a C–H bond.
2)
Overlap integral: a measure of the extent of overlap of orbitals on neighboring
atoms.
3)
The greater the overlap ...
1.5 WRITING LEWIS STRUCTURES
1.5A. Lewis structure of CH
3
F
1. The number of valence electrons of an atom is equal to the group number of the
atom.
2. For an ion, add or subtract electrons...
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Fundamentals of environmental chemistry
Ngày tải lên :
16/03/2014, 18:04
... bonds
consisting of shared electrons.
• Another kind of compound consists of ions composed of electrically
charged atoms or groups of atoms held together by ionic bonds that exist
because of the mutual ... of length, some
examples of their use, and some related English units.
Table 1.6 Metric Units of Mass
Number
Unit of mass Abbreviation of grams Definition
Megagram or Mg 10
6
Quantities of ... all others are derived.
Multiples of Units
Quantities expressed in science often range over many orders of magnitude
(many factors of 10). For example, a mole of molecular diatomic nitrogen contains
6.02...
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Principles and Practice of Analytical Chemistry pdf
Ngày tải lên :
17/03/2014, 02:20
... traditional divisions of inorganic, organic and
physical chemistry as well as embracing aspects of such areas as bio -chemistry, physics, engineering
and economics. Analytical chemistry is therefore ... choice of method and the interpretation of analytical data thereby minimizing the
expenditure of time, effort and money.
The purpose of this book is to provide a basic understanding of the principles, ... v
Contents
Preface
xi
Acknowledgements
xiii
1
Introduction
1
The Scope of Analytical Chemistry. The Function of Analytical
Chemistry. Analytical Problems and Their Solution. The Nature of
Analytical Methods. Trends in Analytical...
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Treatment of Pharmaceutical Wastes doc
Ngày tải lên :
22/03/2014, 14:20
... Â111)
The addition of FeSO
4
mainly produces precipitable flocs of CaCO
3
and Fe(OH)
3
.
The quantity of CaCO
3
precipitated by addition of 500 mg/L of FeSO
4
can be
estimated as:
Quantity of CaCO
3
¼ ... the quantity of Fe(OH)
3
precipitated by addition of 500 mg=Lof
FeCl
3
¼ 500 (mg=L) Â(106:9=162)
¼ 329:94 mg=L
Amount of lime consumed in formation of Fe(OH)
3
flocs by addition of FeCl
3
¼ 329:94 ... performance of an anaerobic mesophilic fixed film reactor (AMFFR) and an anaerobic
thermophilic fixed film reactor (ATFFR) for the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater of a
typical pharmaceutical...
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100 Years of Physical Chemistry doc
Ngày tải lên :
22/03/2014, 19:20
... and became part of the much larger Royal Society of
Chemistry. The Faraday Society became the Faraday Division of the Royal Society
of
Chemistry and
the General
Discussions
of
the
Faraday ... techniques
of
NMR have since
undergone an extraordinary process of development, a process which shows no signs of slowing down.
The applications of NMR in organic chemistry, biochemistry, ...
formation
of
the abscissa.
Molecular Spectroscopy
Alan Carrington
Department
of
Chemistry, University
of
Southampton,
UK
SO1
7
1BJ
Commentary on:
The absorption spectroscopy of substances...
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IDEAS OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY pdf
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29/03/2014, 04:21
... also the friendly help of Professor Andrzej
Holas from the Polish Academy of Sciences, Professors Bogumił Jeziorski and Woj-
ciech Grochala from the University of Warsaw and Professor Stanisław Kucharski
from ... and
surrealism. I think here of Professor Jean-Marie André (Facultés Universitaires de
Namur, Belgium) and of Professor Andrzej J. Sadlej, Professor Leszek Stolarczyk
and Professor Wojciech Grochala ... with
students I often saw their enthusiasm, their eyes showed me a glimpse of curiosity.
First of all, this book is an acknowledgement of my young friends, my students,
and an expression of the joy of being...
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thermodynamics of pharmaceutical systems
Ngày tải lên :
11/04/2014, 06:57
... dependence of the volume of a fixed amount
of a gas on temperature, at very low pressures of the gas, is independent of the che-
mical nature of the gas. Later we will study the behavior of gases ... boiling point of benzene, and estimate its molar heat of
vaporization.
2.3. The heat of fusion of 4-nitroaniline is 5.04 kcal mol
À1
. Look up its melting
point, and calculate its entropy of fusion.
2.4. ... The heat of sublimation of naphthalene is 17.6 kcal mol
À1
at 25
C.
Calculate its entropy of sublimation.
2.5. Calculate the entropy change during the isothermal expansion of 0.5 mol of an
ideal...
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Environmental quality validation of analytical chemistry laboratories
Ngày tải lên :
26/04/2014, 15:39
... performance of PE sample suppliers
through review of their most recent analytical results of any
proficiency testing programs and all QA/QC data associated with
the verification of PE samples ... Validation of Commercial Analytical Chemistry
Laboratories”, CEMP-RT memorandum, (See Appendix A.)
1-4. Overview.
a. The purpose of laboratory validation is to ensure that
analytical chemistry ... for the validation of
commercial and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) division
analytical chemistry laboratories. Laboratory validation is
required to ensure that analytical chemistry laboratories...
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Fundamentals of polymer chemistry
Ngày tải lên :
26/04/2014, 15:39
... ten times larger in diameter, often of the order of 1 mm, although
they are not necessarily spherical in shape. The kinetics of polymerisation of
the two types are often quite different. To ensure ... do the fractions of lower molecular weight.
Its definition is based on multiplying the number of identical molecules of
molecular weight M
n
by the overall weight of molecules of that weight and
2 ... few detailed studies of the mechanisms of redox
initiation of polymerisation. A recent survey of redox systems is available [17].
The review already quoted [15] gives a number of redox initiators,...
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element of physical chemistry
Ngày tải lên :
07/05/2014, 16:40
... other
branches of chemistry for inorganic chemistry,
organic chemistry, biochemistry, geochemistry, and
chemical engineering. It also provides the basis of
modern methods of analysis, the determination of
structure, ... concepts.
1 Physical chemistry is the branch of chemistry
that establishes and develops the principles of
chemistry in terms of the underlying concepts
of physics and the language of mathematics.
... concepts.
1 Physical chemistry is the branch of chemistry
that establishes and develops the principles of
chemistry in terms of the underlying concepts
of physics and the language of mathematics.
...
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advanced laboratory manual of organic chemistry
Ngày tải lên :
09/05/2014, 17:00
... C
6
H
5
CH
2
NH
8
.
Benzylhexamethylenetetraminium Chloride.
70 g. of benzyl chloride are added to a suspension
of 70 g. of finely powdered hexamethylenetetr«»mine in
4 parts of chloroform, heated to boiling under ^ reflux
condenser ... considered as a whole from the point of view of its
potential sources of danger, and a plan of procedure
mapped out accordingly.
If the reaction is accompanied by a rise of tempera-
ture,
even if no ... Reduction of the nitro acid . . 93
C. Mercuric compounds of aniline . . 96
1.
/>-Aminophenylmercunc acetate gt
2 />-Mercuri-&«-anilme 9^
OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 27
the formaldehyde split off...
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handbook of inorganic chemistry (patnaik)
Ngày tải lên :
09/05/2014, 17:05
... chlorination of alumina (bauxite or clay) at 800°C in the presence of a
reducing agent, such as carbon or CO. It can be prepared by similar high tem-
perature chlorination of bauxite in the presence of ... render engi-
neering or other professional services. If such services are required, the assis-
tance of an appropriate professional should be sought.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication ... Encyclopedia of Chemical Zkchnology,
31d
ed., Vol 1-23, 1970-86; New York John
2.
The Encyclopedia of Chemical Elements, ed. Clifford A. Hempel, 1968, New York: Reinhold
3.
CRC Handbook of Chemistry...
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