... transformation in rats. J Pharm Sci
74:780–782
10) Kielbasa WB, Bauer JA, Fung HL (1999) Analysisof isobutyl nitrite inhalant in rat and human blood: application
for pharmacokinetic investigations. ... manufacturing drugs or as reagents for synthesis in industries;
they are also used as aromatics. Because of their pharmacological e ect, alkyl nitrites are being
abused as uncontrolled inhalant drugs ... consisting
of the concentration of an alkyl nitrite on the horizontal axis and peak area on the vertical
axis. e concentration of the analyte ina specimen is calculated using the calibration
curve.
Assessment...
... For quantitative analysisof DAEMS, various concentrations of DAEMS are spiked into
blank serum specimens containing a xed amount of DAEMO (IS) each and extracted
as described before. Since ...
gradually and carefully. If VX itself remains, there is a danger of the secondary exposure for
an analyst; the manipulations including the above evaporation should be done inside a
dra chamber.
f) ... base peaks of DAEMS and DAEMO (IS) equally appear at
m/z 114, the SIM measurements should be made using this single ion to construct a cali-
bration curve for DAEMS consisting of peak area ratio...
... GC/MS analysisof ∆
9
-THC-11-oic acid in urine
188 Cannabinoids and their metabolites
GC analysisof cannabinoids in plant specimens
a
Reagents and their preparation
• Extraction and puri cation ... CBD, CBN and 5α-cholestane.
GC analysisof cannabinoids in plant specimens
192 Cannabinoids and their metabolites
e Substance Abuse and Mental Service Administration (SAMSA) in USA set the ... resin of the cannabis plant. Since the main component of cannabis, ∆
9
-tetrahydrocannabi-
nol ( ∆
9
-THC), has various psychopharmacological e ects including hallucination, the can-
nabis and...
... Matsubara K, Fukushima S, Akane A et al. (1992) Increased urinary morphine, codeine and tetrahydropapavero-
line in Parkinsonian patient undergoing L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine therapy: a possible ... GC/MS analysis
204 Morphine and its analogues
As a result ofanalysisof 203 fatal cases with morphine and heroin, three parameters were
reported to be related to the fatality; they are a blood ... Pharmaceutical Society of Japan (ed) (1992) Standard Methods of Chemical Analysisin Poisoning – With
Commentary –, 4th edn. Nanzando, Tokyo, pp 230–234 (in Japanese)
200 Morphine and its analogues
⊡...
... (1987) Cyanosis in infants caused by nitrates in well water. JAMA 257:2788–2792
12) Fan AM, Steinberg VE (1996) Health implications of nitrate and nitrite in drinking water: an update on methe-
moglobinemia ... methemoglobinemia be-
comes severe, it causes cyanosis, headache, easy fatigability, respiratory and conciousness dis-
turbances and nally death. e fatal methemoglobinemia is rare, but fatal ones a ... was disclosed that he had ingested nitrate. e analytical results for
nitrite and nitrate in his blood and stomach contents are shown in
> Table 5.2. An example
of the gas chromatograms...
... for urine sampled 0–1 h a er cocaine inhalation; the ratio was 10.6 on average for
urine sampled 0–8 h a er the inhalation. e ratios increased according to the increase in time
interval between ... USA, but in Japan the number of
such cases is limited. e author et al. experienced a fatal cocaine poisoning case and measured
concentrations of cocaine and its metabolites in body uids and ... in blood, a satisfactory mass spectrum can be obtained. For BE,
Metabolic pathways of cocaine.
⊡ Figure 4.4
Toxic and fatal concentrations
212 Cocaine and its metabolites
and tablets of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine...
... concentration in the horizontal axis and peak area ratio of pentazocine to IS in the
vertical axis. e peak area ratio ofa test specimen is applied to the calibration curve to
obtain its pentazocine ... Determination of pentazocine in human plasma by high performance liquid
chromatography. Pharmazie 46:464–465
8) Seno H, Kumazawa T, Ishii A et al. (2000) Determination of pentazocine in human whole ... cases of pentazocine abuse especially for medical and co-medical workers. e drug is
being regulated as a subclass compound of narcotics (DEA class: IV).
Pentazocine in both antemortem and postmortem...
... tract is rapid and distinct visual hallucination takes place
45 min–1 h a er oral intake of about 20 µg of LSD [1]. e hallucination becomes most marked
2–3 h a er the intake and lasts for ... powerful hallucinogenic
drugs of abuse. LSD was explosively abused in U.S .A. in the latter half of the 1960s. In Japan,
the amount of seizure of LSD is much smaller than that of methamphetamine. ... 8–12 h.
In this chapter, a detection method by TLC and con rmatory analysis by GC/MS for LSD
are presented.
Reagents and their preparation
• LSD can be obtained from each local bureau of drug...
... H, Nakajima K, Nishikawa M et al. (1991) Determination of methamphetamine and amphetamine
in urine by headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Anal Sci 7:19–22
25) Shima N, Kamata T, ... per tablet) as the primary ingredient, sometimes
smaller amounts of amphetamines and/ or other pharmaceutical agents, such as ca eine and
ketamine [4, 5].
Structures of MDA and its analogues.
⊡ ... intestinal tract and reaches its peak concentration in plasma about
2 h a er oral administration [21, 22]. e doses of 50, 75 and 125 mg in the usual “recreational”
range for healthy human...
... ElSohly MA, Lee LF, Halzhauer LB et al. (2001) Analysisof urine samples in cases of alleged sexual assault: case
history. In: Salamore SJ (ed) Benzodiazepines and GHB: Detection and Pharmacology. ... respectively.
γ-Hydroxybutyric acid
244 Phencyclidine
Center. At admission, he stared straight ahead, following commands but not responding
verbally; the levels of serum creatinin kinase and aspartate aminotransferase ... Ishii and Yoshinao Katsumata
Introduction
Phencyclidine ( PCP) (> Fig. 8.1), a synthetic arylcyclohexylamine hallucinogen, had been
rst applied as an anaesthetic to animals and then to humans...
... MO, USA). Pure powder of perazine and clospi-
razine was donated by Mitsubishi Welpharma, Osaka, Japan; that of upentixol by Takeda
Chem. Ind. Ltd., Osaka, Japan; that of thioproperazine by ... Yoshinao Katsumata
Introduction
Phenothiazine drugs, including chlorpromazine and levomepromazine, have been being
widely used as neuroleptics ( major tranquilizers), antiparkinsonian drugsand ... qualitative and quantitative analysisof phenothiazines in human body uids using useful
GC/MS and LC/MS are presented.
GC/MS analysis
Reagents and their preparation
i. Reagents
Chlorpromazine, tri...
...
(ECD). Since, in this chapter, poisoning cases with ingestion of large amounts ofdrugs are
assumed, HPLC analysis with a photodiode array detector can be realized for several ten
ng/mL of the drugs. ... 13) Igarashi K, Kasuya F, Abe T et al. (1995) Simultaneous determination of haloperidol and its neurotoxic metabo-
lite in plasma and brain tissue from schizophrenic patients treated with haloperidol ... Forensic and Pharmaceutical Chemists. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, pp 707–718
20) Uges DRA, Conemans JMH (2000) Antidepressants and antiphychotics. In: Bogusz MJ (ed) Handbookof
Analytical Separations...
... the reuptake of norepinephrine and
serotonin and by accerelating the release of them at synaptic terminals of neurons in the brain.
As characteristic structures of such drugs showing antidepressive ...
Chromatograms for tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants and carbamazepine obtained by
HPLC-UV. A: carbamazepine, B: desipramine, C: maprotiline, D: nortriptyline, E: amoxapine,
F: setiptiline, ...
by Takeda Chem. Ind. Ltd., Osaka, Japan; dosulepin by Kaken Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.,
Tokyo, Japan; lofepramine by Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; and setip-
tiline by Mochida...
... chromatograms of triazolam, 4-hydroxytriazolam, α-hydroxytriazolam and alprazolam (IS).
A 100-ng aliquot each of triazolam, 4-hydroxytriazolam and α-hydroxytriazolam and 50 ng of
alprazolam were added ... analysisof triazolam, and its metabolites 4-hydroxy-
triazolam and α-hydroxytriazolam is also presented.
GC/MS analysisof benzodiazepines in blood and urine
Reagents and their preparation
• ... containing drugs, such as nitrazepam, nimetazepam, clonazepam and
unitrazepam, the nitro group is rapidly metabolized into an amino group (in the 7-position)
a er being absorbed into human...