... model for joint chinese
wordsegmentationand part-of-speech tagging. In
Proceedings of ACL.
Wenbin Jiang, Haitao Mi, and Qun Liu. 2008b. Word
lattice reranking forchinesewordsegmentation and
part-of-speech ... wordsegmentationandpos tag-
ging. In Proceedings of ACL Demo and Poster Ses-
sions.
Tetsuji Nakagawa. 2004. Chineseand japanese word
segmentation using word- level and character-level
information. ... discriminative
word- character hybrid model for joint Chi-
nese wordsegmentationandPOS tagging.
Our word- character hybrid model offers
high performance since it can handle both
known and unknown words....
... that when word segmenta-
tion andPOStagging are conducted jointly, the
performance forsegmentation improves since the
POS tags provide additional information to word
segmentation (Ng and Low, ... in the context of Chinese word
segmentationand part-of-speech tagging,
where no segmentationandPOS tagging
standards are widely accepted due to the
lack of morphology in Chinese. Experi-
ments ... pars-
ing (and translation).
Experiments adapting from PD to CTB are con-
ducted for two tasks: wordsegmentation alone,
and joint segmentationandPOStagging (Joint
S&T). The performance...
... proposed a hy-
brid model forwordsegmentationandPOS tagging
using an HMM-based approach. Word information is
used to process known-words, and character infor-
mation is used for unknown words ... outputs.
In this paper, we propose a novel joint model
for ChinesewordsegmentationandPOS tagging,
which does not limiting the interaction between
segmentation andPOS information in reducing the
combined ... rare POS pattern “number
word + “number word can help to prevent seg-
menting a long number word into two words.
In order to avoid error propagation and make use
of POS information forword segmentation, ...
... that segmentationandPOStagging task
is to divide a character sequence into several subse-
quences and label each of them a POS tag.
It is a better idea to perform segmentation and
POStagging ... each word- POS pair p (of length l) to the
tail of each candidate result at the prior position of p
(position i −l), and select for position i a N-best list
of candidate results from all these candidates. ... single-character wordand multi-
character word respectively. In order to perform
POS tagging at the same time, we expand boundary
tags to include POS information by attaching a POS
to the tail...
... inter-
mediate sub -word structure for joint segmentation
and tagging. Since the sub-words are large enough
in practice, the decoding forPOStagging over sub-
words is efficient. Finally, the Chinese language ... c
#c
),
the task of wordsegmentationandPOStagging is
to predict a sequence of wordandPOS tag pairs
y = (w
1
, p
1
, w
#y
, p
#y
), where w
i
is a word, p
i
is its POS tag, and a “#” symbol ... stacked learning is
used to acquire extended training data for sub -word
tagging.
3 Method
3.1 Architecture
In our stacked sub -word model, joint word segmen-
tation andPOStagging is decomposed...
... model for integrated morphological
and syntactic parsing. First and foremost, we cur-
rently know of no other same effort in parsing the
structures of Chinese words, and we have to anno-
tate word ... many efforts to in-
tegrate Chineseword segmentation, part-of-speech
tagging and parsing (Wu and Zixin, 1998; Zhou and
Su, 2003; Luo, 2003; Fung et al., 2004). However,
in these research all words ... June. Association for Computational Linguis-
tics.
Wenbin Jiang, Liang Huang, and Qun Liu. 2009. Au-
tomatic adaptation of annotation standards: Chinese
wordsegmentationandPOStagging – a case...
... Bin Swen,
and Baobao Chang. 2003. Specification for Corpus
Processing at Peking University: Word Segmenta-
tion, POSTaggingand Phonetic Notation. Journal
of Chinese Language and Computing, ... Combined
Model and KLD Model
5 Conclusions and Future Work
A discriminative pruning criterion of n-gram lan-
guage model forChinesewordsegmentation was
proposed in this paper, and a step-by-step ...
model forChinesewordsegmentation was pro-
posed. Gao et al. (2005) further developed it to a
linear mixture model. In these statistical models,
language models are essential forword segmen-
tation...
... Chinese
word segmentation is therefore the first step for any
Chinese information processing system[ 1].
Almost all methods forChineseword
segmentation developed so far, both statistical and ...
Abstract
Chinese wordsegmentation is the first step in any
Chinese NLP system. This paper presents a new
algorithm for segmenting Chinese texts without
making use of any lexicon and hand-crafted ... Automatic Word
Segmentation System for Written Chinese Texts",
Journal of Chinese Information Processing,
Vol. 1,
No.2, 1987 (in Chinese)
[2] Fan C.K.,Tsai WH., "Automatic Word
Identification...
... of a wordand I
all other positions; and 2) BMES: where B, M and E
represent the beginning, middle and end of a multi-
character word respectively, and S tags a single-
character word. For example, ... NNS
w
0
=last & w
−1
= the → JJ
Table 7: Deterministic constraints forPOS tagging.
Deterministic constraints forPOStagging
For English POS tagging, we evaluate the deter-
ministic constraints generated ... likelihood of each possible tag or the
relative rank of their likelihoods.
Deterministic constraints for character tagging
For the character tagging formulation of Chinese
word segmentation, we...
... proposed a subword-based tagging for
Chinesewordsegmentation to improve
the existing character-based tagging. The
subword-based tagging was implemented
using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt)
and ... a Chi-
nese word has discriminative roles for word
composition. For example, single-character
words are more apt to form new words than
are multiple-character words. Features using
word length ... methods
with Chineseword segmentation, with which our re-
sults were compared. Section 5 provides the con-
cluding remarks and outlines future goals.
2 Chinesewordsegmentation framework
Our word segmentation...
...
Christoper C. Yang and K. W. Li. 2005. A Heuristic
Method Based on a Statistical Approach forChinese
Text Segmentation. Journal of the American Society
for Information Science and Technology, ... Each word
in a sentence is compared to word dictionary en-
tries, and if the word is not in the dictionary, then
the system assumes that the word has spelling er-
rors. Then corrected candidate ... corrected candidate words are suggested
by the system from the word dictionary, according
to some metric to measure the similarity between
the target wordand its candidate word, such as
edit-distance...
... Processing, pp. 147-173.
Gao, J. and A. Wu and Mu Li and C N.Huang and H. Li
and X. Xia and H. Qin. 2004. Adaptive Chinese Word
Segmentation. In Proceedings of ACL-2004.
Meng, H. and C. W. Ip. 1999. An ... N. 2003. ChineseWordSegmentation as Charac-
ter Tagging. Computational Linguistics and Chinese
Language Processing. 8(1): 29-48
Redington, M. and N. Chater and C. Huang and L. Chang
and K. Chen. ... that
Chinese wordsegmentation is the classifi-
cation of a string of character-boundaries
(CB’s) into either word- boundaries (WB’s)
and non -word- boundaries. In Chinese, CB’s
are delimited and...
... features for function labeling.
Specifically, our proposal is to classify function
types directly from lexical features like words and
their POS tags and the surface sentence informa-
tion like the word ... round.
FT1 word & POS tags within [-2,+2]
FT2 word & POS tags within [-3,+3]
FT3 word & POS tags within [-4,+4]
FT4 FT3 plus POS bigrams within [-4,+4]
FT5 FT4 plus verbs
FT6 FT5 plus POS ... performance. We adopt auto-
matic POS tagger of (Qin et al., 2008), which got
the first place in the forth SIGHAN Chinese POS
tagging bakeoff on CTB open test, to assign POS
tags for our data. Following...
... scalable and able
to expand more easily than programs based entirely on brick -and- mortar classrooms.
Success stories and anecdotes regarding the benefits and value of online learningfor both ... high demand online courses in career
planning and basic math, and optional courses in digital photography and forensic science, to
motivate students while they develop the independent learning ... school, not -for- profit, for- profit, or other institution. Thirty states
and more than half of the school districts in the United States offer online courses and services,
and online learning is...
... regularizer can be seen as a composition,
, where ,
and ,
. For scalar , the
second derivative of a composition, , is
given by (Boyd and Vandenberghe 2004)
Although and are concave here, since is ... classification), since hand-labeling individ-
ual words andword boundaries is much harder
than assigning text-level class labels.
Many approaches have been proposed for semi-
supervised learning in the ... training set consisting of 5448
words, and considered alternative unlabeled train-
ing sets, (5210 words), (10,208 words), and
(25,145 words), consisting of the same, 2 times
and 5 times as many sentences...