... distinguish
“adjectival nouns from other nouns or “adjectival verbs” from other verbs be-
cause of some subtle phenomena. There is also a great deal of uncertainty across
languages over what counts as an ... without verbs? 88
3Nounsasbearersofareferentialindex95
3.1 What is special about nouns? 95
3.2 The criterion of identity 101
3.3 Occurrence with quantifiers and determiners 109
3.4 Nouns in binding ... quantifiers and determiners 109
3.4 Nouns in binding and anaphora 125
3.5 Nouns and movement 132
3.6 Nouns as arguments 142
3.7 Nouns must be related to argument positions 153
ix
xii Acknowledgements
I...
... has a large (collection) of stamps.
81. He made an unfavourable (comparison) between food in his country and mine.
82. They made a (complaint) about the heating.
83. I had to write a (composition)...
... Effective Feedback
Teachers have to come up with an effective method of feedback that takes into account the
shortcomings of common methods of feedback, the positive aspects of them and the desires
of...
... understanding of these differences
allows ESL educators to better understand their students.
Conclusion
By being aware of the aforementioned issues, ESL teachers can more effectively assess
their ... adeptly is a learned skill that can be challenging for both native and
nonnative English speakers. ESL educators are aware that their students often have only
vaguely developed language skills and ... structures may be puzzling to the teacher
accustomed to Western rhetorical patterns but familiar to the ESL student, who may be
writing with previous notions of evaluative criteria in mind. This might...
... that correction simply is
not effective. (Truscott 1996, p.
341).
Grammatical Correction in ESL/ EFL Writing Classes Can Actually Be
Harmful To Students' Performance and Development
Numerous ... do
not incorporate these corrections into their work (Cohen 1987).
Practical Implications For ESL/ EFL Teachers
So what should a L2 writing teacher do? The quickest and most effective solution ... and I discuss one or two widespread grammatical problem (e.g. articles,
prepositions) that I encountered in the students' homework. This usually has gone over
well and generally satisfied...
... getting involved in a research with Real Audio in ESL, please drop
me a line at fltuzi [at] geocities.com
Real Audio to Augment Real Listening in
the ESL Classroom
Frank Tuzi
Introduction
One of ... family issues, children's programs, religious programs, etc.
Benefits for ESL
How can this program benefit an ESL curriculum? First of all, Real Audio is a program
students can use to get ... language that is
not written out or prepared in advance, is what ESL/ EFL students will hear most. Since
most heard speech is spontaneous, ESL students benefits by having an abundance of
impromptu...
... by the teacher, so the students can well understand
what is expected of them (Harris). In the ESL classroom this is more apt to create anxiety
because the explanations are given in another ... effort I keep his level of anxiety low, and hopes for
internal motivation up.
Motivation in the ESL Classroom
William T. Lile
Introduction
Motivation is the key to all learning. Lack of motivation...