... adding
an
ending that
is
causing
you
trouble,
you
will
find
some words listed
with
a
useful
cross-reference.
dining
or
dinning?
dine
+ ing =
dining
(as in
dining room)
din + ing ... dining room)
din + ing =
dinning (noise dinning
in
ears)
See
ADDING
ENDINGS
(i) and
(ii).
vii
How
to use
this book
There
are
individual entries
for
confusing
endings like
-able/-ible;
... rather than being divided
into
separate spelling, usage, punctuation
and
grammar
sections.
You
will
therefore
find
hypocrisy
following
hyphens;
paragraphing
following paraffin;
who or
whom?
...
... stress
in
these
words
affects
the
spelling:
confer
conferred conferring conference
defer
deferred deferring deference
infer
inferred inferring inference
prefer
preferred preferring preference
refer
... consonant ending
is
added:
quarrel
+
some
=
quarrelsome
instal
+
ment
=
instalment
Double
the -1
when adding
a
vowel ending:
quarrel
+ ing =
quarrelling
instal
+ ed =
installed
excel
... keep
the -e in
words like singeing
(different
from
singing)
and
dyeing
(different
5
ADDING
ENDINGS
(iv)
The
2-1-1 rule
This
rule applies
to:
words
of TWO
syllables
ending with
ONE
...
... or
bycicle)
bidding
or
biding?
bid + ing =
bidding
The
BIDDING
at the
auction
was
fast
and
furious.
BIDDING farewell,
the
knight
cantered
away.
bide
+ ing =
biding
Her
critics
... trees retain their leaves
in
autumn.
beautiful
Use
your knowledge
of
French beau
to
help
you.
before
(not
befor)
begin
Note these forms
and
spellings:
I
begin,
I am
beginning.
I
... begun.
beginner
(not
-n-)
beige
(not
-ie-)
See
EI/IE
SPELLING RULE.
belief
(not
-ei)
See
EI/IE SPELLING RULE.
believe
believed, believing, believer
See
EI/IE SPELLING RULE.
See
ADDING ENDINGS
...
... the
inner part
of a
nut.
47
CERTAIN
OR
CURTAIN
certain
or
curtain
CERTAIN
means sure.
Are
you
CERTAIN
that
he
apologised?
CURTAINS
are
window drapes.
Do
draw
the
CURTAINS.
Note
... both meanings:
You
CAN go now
(=
are
permitted).
caning
or
canning?
cane
+ ing =
caning
CANING
is now
banned
in all
schools.
Can + ing =
canning
The
CANNING
factory
is
closing down.
See
... the
Vedas
to
begin each
word
in an
address:
Mrs
Anna
Sendall
10
Furze Crescent
ALPHINGTON
Hants
PD6 9EF
40
CANING
OR
CANNING?
distinction
in
formal
contexts. However, informally,
CAN
...
... reversed
the car
into
the
main road
and my
brother??
She
reversed
the car
into
the
main road,
and my
brother waved goodbye.
52
CORPORAL
PUNISHMENT
continual
or
continuous?
CONTINUAL
means
... CONTEMPTUOUS.
continual
continually
58
daily
(not
dayly)
This
is an
exception
to the -y
rule.
See
ADDING ENDINGS (iii).
dairy
or
diary?
We buy our
cream
at a
local
DAIRY.
Kate
writes
in her
... them
off in
your
own
work
by
matching them against these
examples.
Can
you see the
difference
in
meaning that
a
pair
of
commas makes here?
Read
the two
sentences aloud, pausing where
...
... drab.
dingo
(singular) dingoes
or
dingos (plural)
dining
or
dinning?
dine
+ ing =
dining
(as in
dining room)
din + ing =
dinning (noise dinning
in
ears)
See
ADDING ENDINGS
(i) and
(ii).
diphtheria
(not
... working properly
(a
DEFECTIVE
machine).
DEFICIENT
means lacking something vital
(a
diet
DEFICIENT
in
vitamin
C).
defer
deferred,
deferring, deference
See
ADDING ENDINGS
(iv).
deffinite
Wrong ... reluctant
to
participate
and is
clearly
UNINTERESTED
in any
activities
the
school
has to
offer.
Originally,
DISINTERESTED
was
used
in
this sense
(=
having
no
interest
in,
apathetic),
...
... people are interested in their
health.
Most people is interested in their
health.
88 . Personal & personnel I have a personal trainer.
I have a personnel trainer.
89 . Personnel & ... We’ll finance all the new projects
except for Joe’s, which will be
discontinued.
We’ll finance all the new projects
except Joe’s, which will be
discontinued.
48. Explain Please explain me ...
105. Since & from I’ve been waiting here since
eleven this morning.
I’ve been waiting here for eleven
this morning.
Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2010
47. Except We’ll finance...