... affected. Those arguing for inclusion say that the
Constitution does not mention “citizens”, but rather, in-
structs that House apportionment be based on the “whole
number of persons” residing in the ... Michael El-
hadad. 1999. Information fusion in the context of
multi-document summarization. In Proceedings of the
37th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computa-
tional Linguistics.
David Carmel, ... docu-
ments. Sets that cover disparate events and opinions
are likely to contain more words that appear in the
input only once.
Type-token ratio is a measure of the lexical vari-
ation in an input set...
... 230,000 English
text messages (4 million words), 65,000 Spanish
messages (2 million words), and 60,000 French
messages (1 million words). These text messages
were obtained in data collection projects ... chunks consisting of single paragraphs.
For English, we obtained 210 million paragraphs
and 13 billion words, for Spanish 160 million
paragraphs and 12 billion words, and for French
44 million paragraphs ... compared.
As an evaluation measure we use perplexity cal-
culated on test sets consisting of in-domain text.
The comparison is performed on FSTs of differ-
ent sizes. The FSTs contain the acoustic...
... with an introduction, body and
conclusion. Tenses should be used appropriately.
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The flow chart below shows how national examination papers are marked ... Someland.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information below.
You should write at least 150 words.
Your task
Complete the Task One report exercise above. Spend only 20 minutes.
Then ... glance. Look for a
starting point and follow through the stages in your mind before beginning to write. If it’s still not
making sense, then go on to Task Two but make sure that you give yourself...
...
interactions of students are during the lessons.
Thus, class observations are conducted to clarify some information which the
questionnaire cannot provide such as students’ real time -on- task ... The class observations were
carried out in 3 stages: before the lesson, during the lesson and after the lesson.
In before-lesson stage, the researcher focused on making contacts with the teacher ... solution to these problems.
3.4. Conclusion
As mentioned in this chapter, the researcher has collected information for the study
from the three sources and discussed the results of the questionnaires,...
... regulations on SFS and defective accounts reflect the new
provisions in section 146 of the 2006 Act on nomination of persons to
enjoy information rights (paragraphs 7.3 and 7.5).
5
Regulation/Schedule ...
million
gross)
£3.26
million net
(or £3.9
million
gross)
Medium-
sized
company
£22.8
million
£11.4
million
250 £25.9
million
£12.9
million
£22.8
million net
(or £27.36
million ... are no
longer exempt from
preparing group
accounts.
Regulations set out
the basic form and
content of 2006 Act
accounts.
Regulations set out
the basic form and
content of...
... estimates con-
ditional probability densities for each class using
39
Figure 3: Trial-averaged EEG data corresponding to the target
response (top) and distractor response (bottom) for a 1 second
window.
Kernel ... in certain contexts, partic-
ularly word-internally. In applications where text
generation/typing speed is very slow, the impact
of language modeling can become much more sig-
nificant. BCI-spellers, ... novel communication environment for this popula-
tion, especially persons with completely paralyzed
voluntary muscles (Wolpaw, 2007; Pfurtscheller et
al., 2000). One possible application of BCI is...
... Session (Companion Volume), pages 13–16,
Columbus, June 2008.
c
2008 Association for Computational Linguistics
Demonstration of the UAM CorpusTool fortext and image annotation
Mick O’Donnell ... annotation layers). Searches
can also retrieve segments “containing” segments.
One can also search for segments containing a
string.
Where a lexicon is provided (currently only
English), users can ...
participant
PARTICIPANTS-
TYPE
person
country
organisation
ORGANISATION-
TYPE
company
government
union
other-organisation
political-party
FORM
proper
common
pronominal
Figure 2: Graphical Editing of the Tag Hierarchy
4 Annotation Windows
When the user clicks on the button for a given text
file/layer, an annotation window...
... Trans-
ductions can be put in our RTNs. This can be used,
for instance, to insert tags in texts and therefore
formalize relations between identified segments.
This formalism allows for the construction ... 7 Conclusion
The Outilex platform in its current version pro-
vides all fundamental operations fortext pro-
cessing: processing without lexicon, lexicon and
grammar exploitation and LR ... based
on unification grammars in the decorated WRTN
formalism (Blanc and Constant, 2005). This for-
malism combines WRTN formalism with func-
tional equations on feature structures. Therefore,
complex...
... holds similarities
among contexts. The rows of CSM
n
correspond to
the remaining contexts and the columns to the
centroid-contexts. In this paper, the number of
input contexts of row and column ...
In formula 9, i) X is a remaining context, ii)
{
}
m
cccC , ,,
21
= is a category set, and iii)
{
}
nc
SS
i
, ,
1
=CC
is
a controid-contexts set of category c
i
.
Each remaining context ... algorithms fortext categorization
(Slonim et al., 2002).
Nigam studied an Expected Maximization (EM)
technique for combining labeled and unlabeled
data fortext categorization in his dissertation....
... theoretical
side focusing our attention on German CON-
TRAST and CONCESSION markers; on the imple-
mentational side, we have assembled a genera-
tion testbed that allows for exploring the role of
DiMLex ...
subordinating conjunction, coordinating con-
junction, preposition) determines the possibil-
ities of
positioning
the marker within the con-
stituent: conjunctives (especially the German
'Konjunktionaladverbien') ... relies on the stipulation that
the former have their "own" meaning indepen-
dent of the context in which they are used,
whereas the latter assume meaning only in con-
text. Then, content...
... structure
of text is an essential task in text understanding,
especially in resolving anaphora and ellipsis.
One of the constituents of the text struc-
ture is a text segment. A text segment, ... of text. However, VMP does not work well on
a high-density text. The reason is that coherence
of a segment should be determined not only by
reiteration of words but also by lexical cohesion. ... gives the best correlation
between LCP and segments.
287
TEXT SEGMENTATION
BASED ON SIMILARITY BETWEEN WORDS
Hideki Kozima
Course in Computer Science and Information Mathematics,
Graduate...
... Software (SysMan), designed to assist you with the
installation,configuration,and administration of your Tru64 UNIX
systems .You can access SysMan applications through your choice
of CDE,X Window display,command ... installation
or through the CDE applications manager.
➔
Administration
Administration provides a simple,consistent,step-by-step
method for configuring your UNIX systems.The most
commonly used ... are preconfigured.Configurations
can also be saved for cloning additional systems,which is
a great time-saving tool.And now with the sophisticated
Event Manager ,you have a unified view of your...
... hydrophobic surfaces to aquire a docking
conformation for optimal electron transfer [14,32]. A strong,
positive surface potential for the mitochondrial electron
donor, cytochrome c, is evident, while ... during the reaction. For an
alternative explanation to account for this phenomenon, we
find no evidence for a second cytochrome c binding site on
oxidase.
Keywords: Paracoccus denitrificans; cytochrome ... complex confirms the contribution of
additional charge(s) located on the two further subunits of
the native oxidase.
In focussing on the main interaction domain on subunit
II, we introduced additional...
... alphabet. Then,
I want you to give me as many words youcan that begin
with this letter, as quickly as possible. For example, if I say
B, youcan say bed, big, but youcan t say proper nouns ... Conclusion: The performance of Brazilian elderly on the phonemic verbal fluency tests-FAS is
significantly influenced by education, where individuals with higher educational level present better performance ... healthy
young adults and found an influence of only education
on FAS performance. Tallberg et al.
30
provided normative
data for the Swedish population on the FAS in 165 healthy
individuals (16...