... used in comparisons with other characters.
Certain characters can be represented in character and string constants by escape sequences
like \n (newline); these sequences look like two characters, ... the other is specifically
called for. For instance, consider the function squeeze(s ,c) , which removes all occurrences
of the character c from the string s.
/* squeeze: delete all c from s */
...
A character constant is an integer, written as one character within single quotes, such as
'x'. The value of a character constant is the numeric value of the character in the machine's
character...
... • Mỗi c u lệnh viết trên một dòng. Cc câu lệnh c ng c p viết trên c ng một c t,
c c câu lệnh cc p nhỏ hơn viết thụt vào trong, c ch lệnh caỏp treõn baống moọt
khoaỷng ... data). Cc thể hiện c thể c a cc biến và hàm này đư c cài đặt trong taọp
tin .CPP tửụng ửựng.
ã ẹeồ traựnh khai baựo truứng laởp khi kết nối cc tập tin vào trong project, bắt đầu và
kết th c tập ... _
// Cac khai bao ghi o day
#endif // Ket thuc tap tin
ã Ca c kieồu dửừ lieọu, hằng, macro dùng chung khai báo trong cc tập tin .H ủeồ khi
duứng thỡ include vaứo.
ã Ca c thaứnh phan duứng chung...
... Bottom;
}RECT;
2. Caựch trỡnh baứy
ã ẹau moói chương trình hay tập tin đều c một số dòng mô tả. Cc thông tin
thường đề c p trong phần này thường là : tên tập tin, tóm tắt m c đích c a
chương trình, ... bieỏn kieồu con troỷ
ã Teõn haứm : thửụứng bắt đầu bằng một động từ. Thứ tự cc tham số trong hàm đư c
qui ư c theo thứ tự : cc dửừ lieọu traỷ ve, ca c dửừ lieọu vaứo,
ã Vớ duù :
void CopyArray(int ... để thuận tiện cho vi c
theo dõi chương trình, người ta thường thêm trư c tên biến một số kí tự viết
thường để chỉ kiểu dữ liệu c a biến đó. Cc kí tự thường đư c dùng trong qui ư c
này thường...
... in comparisons with
other characters.
Certain characters can be represented in character and string constants by escape sequences like \n
(newline); these sequences look like two characters, ...
A character constant is an integer, written as one character within single quotes, such as 'x'.
The value of a character constant is the numeric value of the character in the machine's ... '\xb' /* ASCII vertical tab */
#define BELL '\x7' /* ASCII bell character */
The complete set of escape sequences is
\a
alert (bell) character
\\
backslash
\b
backspace
\?
...
... of objects absorb characteristics from existing classes
Objects
ã Encapsulate data and functions
ã Information hiding
Communicate across well-defined interfaces
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All ... Write cout instead of std::cout
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
4
C+ + Standard Library
C+ + programs
Built from pieces called classes and functions
ã C+ + standard library
Rich collections ... Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
25
Introduction to Object Technology
ã User-defined types (classes, components)
Data members
ã Data components of class
Member functions
ã Function components...
...
c = getchar();
the variable
c
contains the next character of input. The characters normally come from the
keyboard; input from files is discussed in Chapter 7.
The function
putchar
... function
putchar
prints a character each time it is called:
putchar (c) ;
prints the contents of the integer variable
c
as a character, usually on the screen. Calls to
putchar
and
printf
may ... automatic henceforth to refer to these local variables. (
Chapter 4
discusses the
static
storage class, in which local variables do retain their values between calls.)
Because automatic variables...
... Turbo C+ + under MS-DOS
Borland International makes a low-cost MS-DOS C+ + compiler called Turbo C+ +.
This compiler will compile both C and C+ + code. We will describe only how to
compile C code. ... their offerings is a C compiler called gcc.
To compile a program using the gcc compiler use the following command line:
% gcc -g -Wall -ohello hello .c
The additional switch -Wall turns on the ...
is:
C: > bcc -ml -v -N -P -w -ehello hello .c
The command-line options are the same for both Turbo C+ + and Borland C+ +.
2.3.3.5 Microsoft Visual C+ +
Microsoft Visual C+ + is another C+ + /C compiler...
...
Free Software Foundation's gcc compiler. For MS-DOS/Windows users,
instructions are included for Borland C+ +, Turbo C+ +, and Microsoft
Visual C+ +. (These compilers compile both C and C+ + ... to anyone who can send electronic mail to, and
receive electronic mail from, Internet sites. Any company or service provider that
allows email connections to the Internet can access FTPMAIL. ... your back, such as
automatically calling constructors and destructors for variables. This
processing makes some types of programming easy, but it makes
static checking of programs difficult,...
...
instructions to the COPCR register. Interestingly, the COP watchdog is dependent upon the system
clock; a clock monitor circuit resets the MCU if the clock stops, and thereby renders the COP
watchdog ... manoeuvre.
Programming the prescalar and starting the clock are tasks of the software developer. Knowing the
processor clock frequency, and choosing correct prescalar values, you can achieve accurate ... interrupt each second
(a) Increment clock counter.
(b) Request display update.
(c) Loop through the preset cycles. If clock is at or past the indexed cycle time, set target
temperature to that cycle.
3....
... enhance the appearance
of the comments; they are not necessary. Most of the C compiler nowadays also accepts
the C programming language comments sequence, //. In our example, we mixed
both comment ... as an example. C compiler translates high-level
C programs into machine language that can be executed by computers or DSP proces-
sors such as the TMS32 0C5 5x. The fact that C compilers are available ... example C program.
C program comments may contain any message beginning with the characters
sequence /* and ending with the characters sequence */. The comments will be ignored
by the compiler....
... generic cc compiler or the Free Software Foundation’s gcc
compiler. For MS-DOS/Windows users, instructions are included for Borland C+ +,
Turbo C+ +, and Microsoft Visual C+ +. (These compilers compile ... and continue. The switch statement is discussed in
detail.
Chapter 9, Variable Scope and Functions, introduces local variables, functions, and
parameters.
Chapter 10, C Preprocessor, describes ... 19.
Other changes/additions to the book include:
ã Additional instructions for more compilers including a generic UNIX compiler,
the Free Software Foundations gcc compilers, Borland C+ +, Turbo C+ +,...
... as EBCDIC (used by IBM) and Unicode, which
is a more recent development. EBCDIC consists of 256 characters; Unicode consists of
65,536 characters. To store a character belonging to Unicode, you ... chapter contains a section on processing a C+ +
program. This chapter also describes structured and object-oriented programming.
Chapter 2 discusses the basic elements of C+ +. After completing this chapter, ... STL 1263
Container Types 1264
Sequence Containers 1264
Sequence Container: Vectors 1264
Member Functions Common to All Containers 1273
Member Functions Common to Sequence Containers 1275
copy
Algorithm...