... because they were not nice.
TOEFL Internals flowed 7/13/07 3:36 PM Page 73
78
Ace theTOEFLEssay (TWE)
The word neither is a negative in and of itself, because it is a contraction
of
either and ... for in the same sentence construction with the use
of a noun. However, in the following sentences, we can replace the word
for with the phrase to get, and the meaning does not change. The implica-
tion ... organized notes.
The first verb after the word to is the first form (v1) in all
of the sentences. This is true even if the verb is five words
after
to. If you include the first part of the phrase...
... to the store. (No time tag.)
TOEFL Internals flowed 7/13/07 3:36 PM Page 89
88
Ace theTOEFLEssay (TWE)
This sentence tells me that the action was occurring for a certain amount
of time in the ... was walking to the market.
I have been walking to and from the market all day.
THE
:
RE
N
OTE
:
TOEFL Internals flowed 7/13/07 3:36 PM Page 87
84
Ace theTOEFLEssay (TWE)
27. The germanic languages ... family
members.
26. Some say that the horse became expendable with the advent
of the modern car.
TOEFL Internals flowed 7/13/07 3:36 PM Page 83
85
Parts of Speech
These are only the most simple verb forms....
... Plural of
it = they (subj.)/them (obj.)
C/CM
6. We found a note.
C/CM
7. The herb was safe.
NC/C C/CM C/CM
8.The safety of the men was the issue.
C/CM C/P
9. Along the way, we went the Statue of ... from 186 5 to World War I” is my
favorite course.
NC/P C/CM C/CM
30. “Ode to a Grecian Urn” is the name of a poem.
TOEFL Internals flowed 7/13/07 3:36 PM Page 98
90
Ace theTOEFLEssay (TWE)
The ... 4.3
TOEFL Internals flowed 7/13/07 3:36 PM Page 94
92
Ace theTOEFLEssay (TWE)
used as in the simple past tense, but the auxiliary verb had is situated prior
to the main verb and even prior to the...
... effectively.
THE
:
RE
N
OTE
:
TOEFL Internals flowed 7/13/07 3:36 PM Page 1 08
106
Ace theTOEFLEssay (TWE)
2. Postposed: This comes two places after the noun.
a. After a linking verb: She is the best.
b. ... looked very impressive.
The song sung
is the best kind.
The run
race is the best kind, too.
Present Participle
The fighting dogs were apprehended.
The leader was astonishing
.
The astounding
news ... is a
present participle in the following sentence: Boiling lava from the volcano
destroyed the town.
There is also the past participle: The
tr
aveled
man has many experi-
ences. These words in...
... grade.
7. The race was close, but, of the three, Bill was_____ (the better,
the best, the most good).
8. I loathe sloth_____(more than, most than, the most than) any
other thing.
9. The exercises ... her, the
other girls, and the remainder of the class (presumably
boys); therefore, she is not the best. The comparison is, how-
ever, only between her and the other girls.
THE
:
RE
N
OTE
:
TOEFL ... TOEFLEssay (TWE)
For the first class, and we are generalizing, place the adverb in the ini-
tial position, at the beginning of the sentence, offset by a comma, or at the
final position, at the...
... and Grammar
TOEFL Internals flowed 7/13/07 3:36 PM Page 129
124
Ace theTOEFLEssay (TWE)
designate a be verb as an LV when it is the only verb in the verb phrase
of the main clause of the superstructure. ... conforming to the rules.
They themselves cleaned the house.
They answered themselves.
Postposed
I did it myself.
You won the game yourself.
He came here himself.
The dog killed the snake itself.
We ... 5:00.
Correlative Conjunctions
Either/Or
Either you go, or I will.
Either you or he will go.
Neither/Nor
Neither you nor he will eat dinner. (No one will)
Neither rain nor snow stops the postman. (Nothing...
... the letter receives the
action from the verb. I did the action (performed the action) on the let-
ter and did it to the letter. The man receives the thing itself, the noun
TOEFL Internals flowed ... noun.
I eat at the table.
He lives under the bridge
.
Around the cor
ner, there is a store.
After the fight
, they were friends.
They went o
ver the hill,
by the well, and on to grandmother’s house.
Gerunds ... even
though the function is similar.
However, the IO can take a preposition in front of it only when the IO
is at the end of the sentence. Compare the IOs in the sentences to those
at the end of the...
...
with the brake.)
The boy made the little girl scream.
He made the child steal.
He made the car be stolen. (It was his fault.)
The principal made the student be quiet.
The mother made the girl ... to find the prettiest girl to take to the dance.
TOEFL Internals flowed 7/13/07 3:36 PM Page 1 48
144
Ace theTOEFLEssay (TWE)
Make = p + make + p + v1
P +
make + t + v1
He makes his brother clean ... Grammar
He insisted the men be bound.
They were insisting they be released.
They demanded to be ransomed.
They demanded the men be set free.
They were ordered killed.
They were to be killed.
The causative...
... (OC)
They made him the most feared leader in the whole Western world.
S V DO OC
I slugged the man, the one being the most obnoxious pest at the party
.
S V DO OC
I made her my wife
, the partner ... hereafter referred to as the genitive.
TOEFL Internals flowed 7/13/07 3:36 PM Page 154
1 58
Ace theTOEFLEssay (TWE)
Noun Phrase Realized by an Adjective
I hate the filthy and the putrid.
Det. DO/adj ... shovel the snow for the lady who attends my c
hurch.
The IOs in these sentences are technically the objects of the
prepositions
to and for, but we will view them according to
the function in the...
... 169
160
Ace theTOEFLEssay (TWE)
The big, fat, ugly bear ate the lunch basket.
The big, fat, ugly bear = the complete subject
Bear = the simple subject
We basically have two phrases together in the ... one’s teeth.
S/Adj + s = plural
THE
:
RE
N
OTE
:
TOEFL Internals flowed 7/13/07 3:36 PM Page 166
162
Ace theTOEFLEssay (TWE)
They expelled the men, the disgraced.
Det. DOc/V3
Noun Phrase Realized ... DO/N
It is common to compound a noun and the noun it
describes.
THE
:
RE
N
OTE
:
THE
:
RE
N
OTE
:
TOEFL Internals flowed 7/13/07 3:36 PM Page 167
164
Ace theTOEFLEssay (TWE)
Up until this point, we...
... wonderful
-ous: continuous
More on Nouns
Some of these words fall into both categories.
THE
:
RE
N
OTE
:
TOEFL Internals flowed 7/13/07 3:36 PM Page 179
172
Ace theTOEFLEssay (TWE)
Verb1 (v1) verb2 (v2) verb3 ... 1 78
Ace theTOEFLEssay (TWE)
Account for To explain the reason
Take over To get control
Take on To acquire
Take up To start ... shot
sing sang sung
sit sat sat
TOEFL Internals flowed 7/13/07 3:36 PM Page 172
170
Ace theTOEFLEssay (TWE)
Adjective Phrases Realized by Adjectives
I lent encouragement to the blind (students).
IO/adj...
... that have the same sound, the same spelling, and
different meanings.
Hard Difficult
Hard Opposite of
soft
Chief Main
TOEFL Internals flowed 7/13/07 3:36 PM Page 181
182
Ace theTOEFLEssay (TWE)
Chief ... kite weekly.
8. I wouldve found the keys but I got a call and you know how my
mother talks.
TOEFL Internals flowed 7/13/07 3:36 PM Page 186
187
Grammar Exercises
9. To win the game they cheated ... a
headache the next morning but I didnt this morning
3. She said that she was only looking for one thing at her new job
money!
TOEFL Internals flowed 7/13/07 3:36 PM Page 183
184
Ace theTOEFL Essay...
... punctuate it.
The man wrapped the gift then he hid the bottle in the fireplace
next the man threw out the extra paper finally he discarded the evi-
dence
Exercise 7 .8
Directions:
Find the independent ... one survived the crash in the Andes last night.
8.The group of boys taunted the girls walking across the yard.
9. The kittens roamed about the yard playing.
10. The professor pounded the desk in ... snow.
15. The fat, old, ugly bear consumed the picnic.
16. Beside the road, a snake swallowed the mouse.
EXERCISE 7.4
EXERCISE 7.5
TOEFL Internals flowed 7/13/07 3:36 PM Page 194
190
Ace theTOEFL Essay...
... 206
Ace theTOEFLEssay (TWE)
but, on the other hand, I could never buy into the idea of quitting
life completely.
6. If I were you, I would try to fix my car before the cold weather set ... of the employees at work understand _____?
(d)
a. why does the boss allow them to stay
b. why does the boss allows them to stay
c. why the boss he allows them to stay
d. why the boss allows them ... Reading is not the easiest thing sometimes.
14. If you are wanting to ride, meet me at 6:00 to go over there.
EXERCISE 7.12
TOEFL Internals flowed 7/13/07 3:36 PM Page 201
2 08
Ace theTOEFLEssay (TWE)
b....
... won most of the games they played this year.
Most of the games they played this year were won by the base-
ball team.
5. The jury decided the fate of the accused murderers.
The fate of the accused ... anyone.
8.The group of boys taunted the girls walking across the yard.
The girls walking across the yard were taunted by the group of boys.
9. The kittens roamed about the yard playing.
The yard ... fireplace next
the man threw out the extra paper finally he discarded the evidence
The gift was wrapped by the man; then, the bottle was hidden by
him in the fireplace. Next, the extra paper...