...
they are also used as aromatics. Because of their pharmacological e ect, alkyl nitrites are being
abused as uncontrolled inhalant drugs and causing a social problem [4]. Although there are
many ... coronary artery-di-
lating e ect, and had been, therefore, used for the treatment of angina pectoris many years ago
[2]; the pharmacological e ect of the dilation of the coronary arteries was ... are prepared to construct each external calibration curve, consisting
of the concentration of an alkyl nitrite on the horizontal axis and peak area on the vertical
axis. e concentration of...
... construct a cali-
bration curve for DAEMS consisting of peak area ratio of DAEMS to IS on the vertical axis
and DAEMS concentration on the horizontal axis. A peak area ratio obtained from a test ... analyst; the manipulations including the above evaporation should be done inside a
dra chamber.
f) For quantitative analysis of DAEMS, various concentrations of DAEMS are spiked into
blank ... containing a xed amount of DAEMO (IS) each and extracted
as described before. Since the base peaks of DAEMS and DAEMO (IS) equally appear at
m/z 114, the SIM measurements should be made using...
... capillary gas chroma-
tography. Eisei Kagaku 38:471–475 (in Japanese with an English abstract)
5) Watanabe K, Yamaki E, Yamamoto I et al. (1979) A colorimetric method for the determination of cannabinoids ... immunoassay and the identi able value
of the acid by mass spectral measurements at 15 ng/mL.
Cases of analysis [13]
Case 1: A 22-year-old male was killed by a mysterious accident during driving a ... cannabinoids
with Fast Blue BB salt. Eisei Kagaku 25:321–326
6) Matsunaga T, Nagatomo H, Narimatsu S et al. (1993) Studies on identification of cannabis seeds. I: Qualitative
and quantitative...
... method
Qualitative analysis is made by the comparison of the retention time ofa peak ofa specimen
with that of the authentic standard and also by the con rmation of the absence of such a peak in ... [4].
For accurate diagnosis ofa cause of death in an opiate poisoning case, the ratio ofa free
form to a conjugated form becomes important (see section 4 of this chapter). In such a case, an
opiate ... use can be mentioned. In a chronic opiate-dependent patient, several
grams of an opiate do occasionally not cause death.
Toxic and fatal concentrations
202 Morphine and its analogues
• 5 mM Ammonium...
... it causes cyanosis, headache, easy fatigability, respiratory and conciousness dis-
turbances and nally death. e fatal methemoglobinemia is rare, but fatal ones a er ingestion
of nitrate ... (1996) A case of severe methemoglobinemia for a newborn baby caused by
well water. Jpn J Pediatr 49:1661–1665 (in Japanese)
4) Saito T, Takeichi S, Osawa M et al. (2000) A case of fatal methemoglobinemia ... dyspnea, tachypnea, tachycardia and hypertension
40–50 % mental derangement, listlessness and metabolic acidosis
not lower than 50 % coma, convulsive attack and hypotension
70 % death
A poisoning...
... mass spectra of the authentic cocaine, EME and BE a er derivatization.
Setting up of cuto values are very common in USA and Europe as a part of QC ( quality
control) and QA ( quality assurance) ... mL/min.
l) A majority of basic drugs is adsorbed to the cation exchanger phase, and a minor part is
adsorbed to the non-polar phase. e latter part is desorbed and adsorbed again to the
cation exchanger ... obtain a clean mass spectrum;
while at 200 ng/mL of BE in blood, a satisfactory mass spectrum can be obtained. For BE,
Metabolic pathways of cocaine.
⊡ Figure 4.4
Toxic and fatal concentrations
212...
... P, Tracqui A, Lugnier AJ et al. (1990) Simultaneous screening and quantification of several nonopiate
narcotic analgesics and phencyclidine in human plasma using capillary gas chromatography. ... 860–861
Pentazocine
221
tazocine concentration in the horizontal axis and peak area ratio of pentazocine to IS in the
vertical axis. e peak area ratio ofa test specimen is applied to the calibration ... to
obtain its pentazocine concentration.
Assessment of the method
> Table 5.1 shows EI mass spectra of pentazocine and IS. e base peaks unfortunately
appeared in a low mass range at m/z...
... pharmaco-
logical activity can be obtained by oral administration of as small as 20–75 µg of LSD. e ab-
sorption of LSD from the digestive tract is rapid and distinct visual hallucination takes ...
drugs of abuse. LSD was explosively abused in U.S .A. in the latter half of the 1960s. In Japan,
the amount of seizure of LSD is much smaller than that of methamphetamine. However, in
recent years, ... p-Dimethylbenzaldehyde reagent: a 0.125-g aliquot of p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde
(Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Osaka, Japan and other manufacturers) is dissolved
in 100 mL of 65 % sulfuric acid...
... H, Nakajima K, Nishikawa M et al. (1991) Determination of methamphetamine and amphetamine
in urine by headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Anal Sci 7:19–22
25) Shima N, Kamata T, ... dioxyamphetamines
Mass spectra of TFA derivatives of MDA, MDMA, MDEA, MBDB and HMDMA obtained by GC/MS.
⊡ Figure 7.3
Total ion chromatogram and mass chromatograms for TFA derivatives obtained from an MDMA
addict’s ... MDAs-related fatalities were associated with hyperpyrexia, rhabdomyolysis, in-
travascular coagulopathy, hepatic necrosis, cardiac arrhythmias, cerebrovascular disorders, and
drug-related accidents...
... Phencyclidine-related deaths: a report of nine fatal cases. J Anal Toxicol
3:199–201
253
10) ElSohly MA, Lee LF, Halzhauer LB et al. (2001) Analysis of urine samples in cases of alleged sexual assault: case ... fluids by head-
space solid-phase microextraction (SPME). Chromatographia 43:331–333
14) Nakahara Y, Takahashi K, Sakamoto T et al. (1997) Hair analysis for drugs of abuse X VII. Simultaneous detection ... concentration
on the horizontal axis and peak area ratio of PCP to IS on the vertical axis. e peak ar-
ea ratio ofa test specimen is applied to the calibration curve to calculate its concentra-
tion.
248...
... MO, USA). Pure powder of perazine and clospi-
razine was donated by Mitsubishi Welpharma, Osaka, Japan; that of upentixol by Takeda
Chem. Ind. Ltd., Osaka, Japan; that of thioproperazine by ... selected; a peak area ratio of the target
compound to IS is obtained.
vi. For quantitation with mass chromatograms (MCs), a xed amount of IS and various con-
centrations ofa target compound are added ... concentration on
the horizontal axis and of peak area ratio ofa drug to IS on the vertical axis. e above peak
area ratio obtained from a specimen is applied to the calibration curve to obtain...
...
spiked to blank blood or urine to draw a calibration curve. A peak area ratio ofa test
specimen is applied to the calibration curve to calculate its concentration.
Assessment of the method
... Medical Drugs. Van Medical, Tokyo, p 56 (in
Japanese)
19) Uges DRA (1997) Blood level data. In: Brandenberger H, Maes RAA (eds) Analytical Toxicology for Clinical,
Forensic and Pharmaceutical ... 13) Igarashi K, Kasuya F, Abe T et al. (1995) Simultaneous determination of haloperidol and its neurotoxic metabo-
lite in plasma and brain tissue from schizophrenic patients treated with haloperidol...
... Japanese)
3) Tanaka E, Terada M, Nakamura T et al. (1997) Forensic analysis of eleven cyclic antidepressants in human biolo-
gical samples using a new reversed-phase chromatographic column of ... Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.,
Tokyo, Japan; lofepramine by Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; and setip-
tiline by Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
• A 20-g aliquot of sodium carbonate ... Namera A, Watanabe T, Yashiki M et al. (1998) Simple analysis of tetracyclic antidepressants in blood using
headspace-solid phase microextraction and GC/MS. J Anal Toxicol 22:396–400
6) Okada...
... chromatograms of triazolam, 4-hydroxytriazolam, α-hydroxytriazolam and alprazolam (IS).
A 100-ng aliquot each of triazolam, 4-hydroxytriazolam and α-hydroxytriazolam and 50 ng of
alprazolam were added to ... 7: midazolam, 8: flunitrazepam, 9: flutoprazepam, 10: bromazepam, 11: prazepam,
12: nimetazepam, 13: mexazolam, 14: flurazepam, 15: nitrazepam, 16: clonazepam, 17: estazolam,
18: alprazolam, ... column enables direct
analysis ofa crude specimen without any complicated pretreatment. For triazolam, 4-hy-
droxytriazolam and α-hydroxytriazolam, the separation of each peak was satisfactory...