... Linguistics
A ComparativeStudyofParameterEstimationMethods for
Statistical Natural Language Processing
Jianfeng Gao
*
, Galen Andrew
*
, Mark Johnson
*&
, Kristina Toutanova
*
*
Microsoft ... Introduction
Parameter estimation is fundamental to many sta-
tistical approaches to NLP. Because of the
high-dimensional nature of natural language, it is
often easy to generate an extremely large ... number of
features. The challenge ofparameterestimation is
to find a combination of the typically noisy, re-
dundant features that accurately predicts the target
output variable and avoids...
... STRUCTURE AND SOME MAJOR LINGUISTIC FEATURES
OF THE INTERNATIONAL DECLARATION ON HUMAN RIGHTS
3.1 Definition of an International Declaration 10
3.2 Purposes and typical legal characteristics of the ... Declaration and its realization 13
3.3.2.2 Remarks 14
a, Use of Grammar 14
a1 . Modality 14
a2 . Use of Active / Passive voices 14
a3 . Sentence order 15
a4 . Length of sentences 15
a5 . Kinds of sentences ... Convention and its realization 23
4.3.2.2 Remarks 26
a, Use of Grammar 26
a1 . Modality 26
a2 . Use of Active/ Passive voices 27
a3 . Sentence order 27
a4 . Length of sentences 27
a5 . Kinds of sentences...
...
indirectly'; 'to and from'; 'at the time of ratification or at any time thereafter'; 'any Contracting
State or any national ofa Contracting State'. They are effective ... clause) is a group of words that has a subject
and a verb. As it is a part ofa sentence but grammatically independent, it could stand alone as a
main clause. The writer try to take full advantage ... use and
language learning, and is therefore of great importance to language teachers. Traditionally,
language teaching has concentrated on pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary, and while...
... pornographic performances and materials.
Article 35
States Parties shall take all appropriate national, bilateral and multilateral measures to prevent
the abduction of, the sale of or traffic ... from all forms of sexual exploitation and sexual
abuse. For these purposes, States Parties shall in particular take all appropriate national,
bilateral and multilateral measures to prevent:
(a) ...
(d) Make educational and vocational information and guidance available and accessible to all
children;
(e) Take measures to encourage regular attendance at schools and the reduction of drop-out...
... Vietnamnet)
19
1 Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Rationale
Language and culture are interdependent and interactional. Culture affects the way language
is used and language may reflect many factors of ... to view Americans as unemotional and cold. Meanwhile, it is believed
that Americans are much more direct than Asians, particularly Vietnamese. As a result,
Vietnamese who appreciate and consider ... that this paper will have some contributions to the
study of cross-cultural communication between America and Vietnam.
1.2 Aims of the study
The aims of this paper are:
+ To study cultural aspects...
... Mycobacteria.
Statistical analysis
As no single gold standard was available for
comparison of the performance of the individual
tests, an analysis of results was done using a variety
of standards. Efficiency of ... Journal of Tuberculosis
KAVITA MODI – PAREKH ET AL
weeks. Characterization of Mycobacteria was done
at the Corporation laboratory by primary differential
tests for atypical Mycobacteria.
Statistical ... 2005
Aug; 9(8): 877-83.
KAVITA MODI – PAREKH ET AL
CHANCHAL SINGH MEMORIAL AWARD - 2006
The Tuberculosis Association of India awards every year a cash
prize of Rs. 1000/- to a medical graduate...
... Mechanisms of accumulation of arachidonate in phosphatidylinositol
in yellowtail
A comparativestudyof acylation systems of phospholipids in rat and the fish
species
Seriola quinqueradiata
Tamotsu ... quinqueradiata
Tamotsu Tanaka, Dai Iwawaki, Masahiro Sakamoto, Yoshimichi Takai, Jun-ichi Morishige,
Kaoru Murakami and Kiyoshi Satouchi
Department of Applied Biological Science, Fukuyama University, Japan
It ... the large amounts
of docosahexaenoic acid in yellowtail
Lipids from yellowtail have a preponderance of docosa-
hexaenoic acid over arachidonic acid. In fact, docosahexa-
enoic acid and arachidonic...
... subgroups.
In each of the datasets mentioned above, much attention has been paid to the comparability of
data among countries. Nevertheless, an international comparison of survey data is always more ... (Catalu a, Comunidad Valenciana,
Baleares)
8.2
PL5 Poludniowo
Zachodni
46.2
ES6 Sur (Andaluc a, Murcia, Ceuta y Melilla) 11.4 PL6 Polnocny 40.0
ES7 Canarias 23.4
Greece
GR 1 Voreia Ellada ...
score around the mean on both dimensions (corporatist regime);
• the Anglo-Saxon group made up of the US, Canada, Australia, the UK and Ireland, with a
(below) average scope of social security and...
... Micciulla, and J.
Makhoul. 2006. Astudyof translation edit rate
with targeted human annotation. In Proceeding of
AMTA.
T. Takezawa, E. Sumita, F. Sugaya, H. Yamamoto,
and S. Yamamoto. 2002. ... Toward a broad-coverage
bilingual corpus for speech translation of travel
conversations in the real world. In Proceeding of
LREC-2002, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
D. Xiong, Q. Liu and ... Ward, and W J. Zhu.
2002. BLEU: a method for automatic evaluation of
machine translation. In Proceeding of ACL-2002,
pp. 311-318.
A. I. Rosti, N. F. Ayan, B. Xiang, S. Matsoukas, R.
Schwartz...
... i.e. a disconnected MDP. This can be
avoided by making sure that each action is avail-
able at some state and that each state has at least
one available action. We should now define the
necessary ... is a variation of SARSA(λ) that uses
the least squares method to find the optimal pol-
icy. Incremental Actor Critic (IAC) (Bhatnagar
et al., 2007) and Natural Actor Critic (NAC) (Pe-
ters et al., ... years ADS
have seen a lot of progress and have attracted the
research community’s and industry’s interest.
There is a number of available ADS, apply-
ing state of the art techniques for adaptation...
... monitored at 340 nm for the formation of
NADH.
Western blot analyses of trypanosomatid cell
extracts
Polyclonal antisera against L. major GLO1 were raised in
adult male Wistar rats. An initial injection ... sense pri-
mer 5¢-AAGCTTATGTCAACACGACGACTTATGCAC
A- 3¢ and the antisense primer 5¢-GGATCCGGATCCTT
AAGCCGTTCCCTGTTC-3¢ with additional HindIII and
BamHI restriction sites (italicised), respectively. ... Trypanosoma
cruzi. Biochem J 400, 217–223.
16 Padmanabhan PK, Mukherjee A & Madhubala R
(2006) Characterization of the gene encoding glyoxa-
lase II from Leishmania donovani: a potential target...