... > Chapter 122. Acute Infectious Diarrheal
Diseases and Bacterial FoodPoisoning
Acute Infectious Diarrheal Diseases and Bacterial Food Poisoning:
Introduction
Ranging from mild annoyances ... greater burden of disease.
The wide range of clinical manifestations of acute gastrointestinal illnesses
is matched by the wide variety of infectious agents involved, including viruses,
bacteria, ...
Exampl
es of
Pathogens
Involved
Noninflamma Proxi
mal small
Watery
No fecal
leukocytes;
Vibrio
cholerae,
Chapter 122. Acute Infectious Diarrheal Diseases
and Bacterial Food Poisoning...
... Alternatively, enterotoxigenic strains of E. coli may produce
heat-stable enterotoxin (ST), one form of which causes diarrhea by activation of
guanylate cyclase and elevation of intracellular cyclic GMP. ... activation of adenylate cyclase. The end result is an increase
of cyclic AMP in the intestinal mucosa, which increases Cl
–
secretion and
decreases Na
+
absorption, leading to loss of fluid ... After the binding of holotoxin, a
fragment of the A subunit is translocated across the eukaryotic cell membrane into
the cytoplasm, where it catalyzes the ADP-ribosylation of a GTP-binding protein...
... shedding of organisms, while patients
Approach to the Patient: Infectious Diarrhea or Bacterial Food
Poisoning
The approach to the patient with possible infectious diarrhea or bacterial
food poisoning ... than is constructing a list of recently eaten foods. If a common
source seems likely, specific foods can b
e investigated. See text for a discussion
of bacterial food poisoning. 9.
Current antibiotic ... infectious diarrhea or bacterial food poisoning.
Key to superscripts:
1.
Diarrhea lasting >2 weeks is generally defined as chronic; in such cases, many
of the causes of acute diarrhea are...
... Diarrheal Diseases
and Bacterial FoodPoisoning
(Part 5)
History
The answers to questions with high discriminating value can quickly
narrow the range of potential causes of diarrhea and help ... glass
slide, addition of a drop of methylene blue, and examination of the wet mount) can
suggest inflammatory disease in patients with diarrhea, although the predictive
value of this test is still ... elements of the narrative history are detailed in Fig.
122-1.
Physical Examination
The examination of patients for signs of dehydration provides essential
information about the severity of the...
... Infectious Diarrheal Diseases
and Bacterial FoodPoisoning
(Part 6)
Table 122 -3 Epidemiology of Traveler's Diarrhea
Etiologic Agent Approximate
Percentage of Cases
Comments
Enterotoxigenic ...
areas; percentage of cases
ranges from 15% in Asia to
50% in Latin America
Enteroaggregative
E. coli
20 35
Emerging enteric
pathogen of worldwide
distribution
One-third of elderly patients ... colonic flora and allowing the
multiplication of C. difficile (Chap. 1 23) .
Unknown 20
Illness improves with
antibacterial therapy,
implicating bacterial diarrhea
Source: After Dupont....
... the ingestion of specific foods and the time of onset of the diarrhea
after a meal can provide clues to the bacterial cause of the illness. Potential causes
of bacterial foodpoisoning are ... incidence of Salmonella infections is highest among
those <1 year of age, while the attack rate for Shigella infections is greatest among
those 6 months to 4 years of age.
Bacterial FoodPoisoning ... Infectious Diarrheal Diseases
and Bacterial FoodPoisoning
(Part 7)
Age
Most of the morbidity and mortality from enteric pathogens involves
children <5 years of age. Breast-fed infants are...
... evaluation of dehydration severity. Empirical
regimens for the treatment of traveler's diarrhea are listed in Table 122-5.
Not all foodpoisoning has a bacterial cause. Nonbacterial agents of ... short-
incubation foodpoisoning include capsaicin, which is found in hot peppers, and a
variety of toxins found in fish and shellfish (Chap. 39 1).
Laboratory Evaluation
Many cases of noninflammatory ... colonies of sorbitol
nonfermenters (white colonies) on sorbitol MacConkey plates. Fresh stools should
be examined for amebic cysts and trophozoites
Infectious Diarrhea or Bacterial Food Poisoning: ...
...
Guerrant RL, Bobak DA: Bacterial and protozoal gastroenteritis. N Engl J
Med 32 5 :32 7, 1991 [PMID: 2057 037 ]
Chapter 122. Acute Infectious Diarrheal Diseases
and Bacterial FoodPoisoning
(Part ... [PMID:
1625 832 6]
Sazawal S et al: Efficacy
of probiotics in prevention of acute diarrhoea: A
meta-analysis of masked, randomised, placebo-
controlled trials. Lancet Infect Dis
6 :37 4, 2006 [PMID: ...
can shorten the duration of illness from 3 4 days to 24 36 h. Changes in diet have
not been shown to have an impact on the duration of illness, while the efficacy of
probiotics continues to...
... the thousands of years offood fi nding and
food producing that have carried us to the brink offood globalization – the
latter a process of homogenization whereby the cuisines of the world have ... published in print format
ISBN- 13 978-0-521-7 935 3-7
ISBN- 13 978-0-511-28490-8
â Cambridge University Press 2007
2007
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/97805217 935 37
This publication is in ... around 3, 600 years ago.
30
YAK
The penultimate four-legged domesticate of the Old World under scrutiny
is the massively built yak (its classifi cation as B. poëphagus is a matter of dis-
pute).
31
...
... tank.
2
2
Outline of System Configuration
1
2 3
1
2
3
2-1 Outline of Intake Air System
2-2 Outline of Fuel System
10
SERVICE TECH Vol.465 03- 4
The ECD-V4, which is based on the ECD-V3, is an electronically ... combustion noise of the engine.
1
1
Types of Systems in ECD-V Series
1-1 ECD-V Series
1-2 Injection Pump for ECD-V3
SERVICE TECH Vol.465 03- 4
11
The configuration of the ECD-V series system can ... control of the injection volume
on a cylinder-by-cylinder basis.
Depending on the type of final injection volume
correction and the solenoid spill valve that are used,
three typesof ECD-V3 are...
... Realization of Social Context
( Source: Halliday& Martin 19 93: 25)
3 Levels of Context
The interpretation of social context includes two levels of communication: genre (context of
culture) ... into the role of metaphor in description of emotion in poetic discourse
32
There is the third kind of meaning called interpersonal meaning which is realized by Mood and
Residue
Chart 3 : Clause ...
reported and the results of the study were presented.
An investigation into the role of metaphor in description of emotion in poetic discourse
3
for believing that the context of (linguistic) emotional...
... 29
Challenges
Ignorance 2 3. 6 8 9.4
Evasion 20 36 .4 28 32 .6
Refusal 2 3. 6 6 7.0
Total 55 100 86 100
Table 5.2.Frequencies of Response Types to Questions by Native speakers of English and
Native Speakers of Vietnamese
39
... hand.
< ;33 > Leila: Whoa! Has your boss gone crazy?
Mary: Let’s go get some coffee. (71: 43)
< ;34 > Q: Are you coming to the cinema?
A: I’ve got an exam tomorrow. (61: 139 )
In (34 ), the ... con cứ nghèo mÃi thế?
A: HÃy hỏi ông trời ây? (2: 32 2)
3. Special typesof question responses
3. 1. Incomprehension responding
The addressee often gives incomprehension responses when he/she
misunderstands...
... too late to learn!
3. Homework (2m)
- Ask Ss to review the relative pronouns
4. Where are the eggs were in the fridge…
A. who B. where C. when D. which
5. What was the name of the man .wife …
became ... for your letter you …
told me a very interesting story of your holiday
A. on which B. which C. in which
D. to which
Answers:
1. A 2. B 3. A
4. D 5. C 6. D
7. A 8. C 9. D
10. C
Knowledge is power....
... give Ba some candies
to make him feel better?
Lesson 3
: B- Our food. (B1)
Ba went to the . .(1). because he was. . (2). . The doctor . . (3) . . Ba some
questions. Ba said he. . (4). . some ...
Unit 12 : Let’s eat
a/ New words - Structures:
c/ Answer these questions.
Lesson 3
: B- Our food. (B1)
b/ Practice with a partner
d/ Complete the story.
What did Ba and his parents have ...
Unit 12 : Let’s eat
a/ New words - Structures:
c/ Answer these questions.
Lesson 3
: B- Our food. (B1)
b/ Practice with a partner
d/ Complete the story.
e/ Home work:
- Học thuộc đoạn...
... Research, Daejeon 30 5 -34 3, Republic
of Korea
** Department of Environmental Engineering, Hanbat National University, San 16-1,
Duckmyoung-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 30 5-719, Republic of Korea
ABSTRACT ... and 30 d at a
fixed substrate concentration of 30 % total solids (TS), corresponding to a solid loading rate
(SLR) of 2.0, 3. 5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 kg TS/m
3
/d, respectively. Up to 40 d of HRT, ...
anaerobic digestion of organic fraction of the municipal solid waste, Bioresource
Technol., 98, 31 95 -32 03.
Forster-Carneiro T., Perez M. and Romero L. I. (2008a). Anaerobic digestion of
municipal...