Appendix F 215 Unit Metric Equivalent U.S. Equivalent span 22.86 centimeters 9 inches stere 1 meter 3 1.307 95 yards 3 tablespoon 14.786 76 milliliters 3 teaspoons teaspoon 4.928 922 milliliters 0.333 333 tablespoons ton, long or deadweight 1,016.046.909 kilograms 2,240 pounds, avoirdupois ton, metric 1,000 kilograms 2,204.623 pounds, avoirdupois ton, register 2.831 684 7 meters 3 100 feet 3 ton, short 907.184 74 kilograms 2,000 pounds, avoirdupois township (U.S.) 93.239 572 kilometers 2 36 miles 2 , statute yard 0.914 4 meters 3 feet yard 2 0.836 127 36 meters 2 9 feet 2 yard 3 0.764 554 86 meters 3 27 feet 3 yard 3 764.554 857 984 liters 201.974 gallons 216 Appendix G International Electrical Adaptors This data is excerpted from a publication of the U.S. Department of Commerce. The electricity used in much of the world (220–250 volts) is a different voltage from that used in North America (110–125 volts). Electrical appliances designed for North America may need con- verters to “step down” this higher voltage to the level required to operate. Some appliances cannot be converted for use elsewhere because they require sixty cycles per second (again, found primarily in North America), or they may have other requirements. Electrical wall sockets found around the world are also likely to differ in shape from the sockets used in North America. Electrical adaptor plugs are available to slip over the plugs of North American appliances for use in such sockets. The following table and illustrations will inform you about the types of plugs you may encounter in various Asian and Pacific countries. Type of Plug by Country Country Plug Type Country Plug Type Bangladesh A, C, D Malaysia G Burma C, D, F Nepal C, D Brunei G Pakistan B, C, D China, Peoples Rep. of C, D, G, H Philippines A, B, C Fiji I Singapore B, H Hong Kong H Sri Lanka D India C, D, G Tahiti A Indonesia C, E, F Taiwan A, B Japan A, B, I Thailand A, B, C, D, E, G, J, K Korea C Western Samoa H Laos A, B, C, E, F Plugs in Commercial Use Type A Flat blade attachment plug Type B Flat blades with round grounding pin Type C Round pin attachment plug Type D Round pins with ground Type E Round pin plug and receptacle with male grounding pin Type F "Schuko" plug and receptacle with side grounding contacts Type G Rectangular blade plug Type H Oblique fl at blades with ground Type I Oblique fl at blade with ground Type J Round pins with ground Type K Round pins with ground Type L Round pins with ground Appendix G 217 Index 218 A abstractive thinking, xiii–xiv anxiety reduction, xvi; See also value systems appointments. See time Asia, map of, xviii associative thinking, xiii–xiv attire. See dress attitudes: of Chinese, 5–6; of Filipinos, 98–99; in Hong Kong, 18–19; of Indians, 25–26; of Indonesians, 41– 42; of Japanese, 61–62; of Malaysians, 79–80; of Singaporeans, 114; of South Koreans, 129–130; of Sri Lankans, 147–148; of Taiwanese, 161; of ais, 175; of Vietnamese, 188–189 B bows, 70, 88, 120, 121, 140, 179, 193 bribery, 42, 80, 91, 206 Buddhism, 5, 147–148, 175, 187, 188 business cards, 51–52, 70, 85–86, 103– 104, 118–119, 137, 151, 166, 178, 194 business entertaining: China, 10–12; India, 30–31; Indonesia, 49; Japan, 68–69; Malaysia, 86; Philippines, 104–105; Singapore, 119; South Korea, 137–139; Sri Lanka, 151–152; Taiwan, 166–168; ailand, 178–179; Vietnam, 192–193 business hours. See time business negotiations: China, 9–10; India, 29–30; Indonesia, 46–49; Japan, 66–68; Malaysia, 84–86; Philippines, 103–104; Singapore, 117–118; South Korea, 134–137; Sri Lanka, 150–151; Taiwan, 164–166; ailand, 178; Vietnam, 192 business practices: China, 8–12; Hong Kong, 20; India, 28–30; Indonesia, 44–49; Japan, 65–69; Malaysia, 82– 86; Philippines, 101–105; Singapore, 116–119; South Korea, 132–139; Sri Lanka, 149–152; Taiwan, 163–168; ailand, 177–179; Vietnam, 191–193 C calendars, 55 Cao Dai, 187 Centers for Disease Control (CDC), 206–207 Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 206 China, 1–15, 41–42, 155; See also Hong Kong Christianity, 5 climate/weather, 54, 73, 92–93, 124, 162 closed-minded thinking, xii–xiii clothing. See dress cognitive styles: China, 7; India, 26; Indonesia, 42–43; Japan, 64; Malaysia, 80; overview, xii–xiv; Philippines, 100; Singapore, 115; South Korea, 131; Sri Lanka, 148; Taiwan, 162; ailand, 175–176; Vietnam, 190 collectivism, xv–xvi colors, 9, 71, 209 Confucianism, 5–6, 19, 125–126, 129– 130, 161, 184 corruption, 80, 206 cultural orientation: China, 7–8; India, 26–28; Indonesia, 42–44; Japan, 64– 65; Malaysia, 80–82; overview, xi– xvii; Philippines, 100–101; Singapore, 115–116; South Korea, 131–132; Sri Lanka, 148–149; Taiwan, 162–163; ailand, 175–177; Vietnam, 189–191 D decision-making, xv–xvi; China, 7; India, 27; Indonesia, 43; Japan, 65; Malaysia, 81; Philippines, 100–101; Singapore, 115; South Korea, 131; Sri Lanka, 149; Taiwan, 162–163; ailand, 176; Vietnam, 190 demographics: China, 3; Hong Kong, 16; India, 23; Indonesia, 37; Japan, 58; Malaysia, 76; Philippines, 95–96; Singapore, 112; South Korea, 126; Sri Lanka, 145; Taiwan, 157; ailand, 173; Vietnam, 185 Index 219 dress: China, 15, 209; faux pas to avoid, 208–209; Hong Kong, 20; India, 34, 209; Indonesia, 54–55; Japan, 72–73, 209; Malaysia, 92–93; Philippines, 109; Singapore, 124; South Korea, 142; Sri Lanka, 154; Taiwan, 170; ailand, 181–182; Vietnam, 195–196 E electrical adaptors, 216–217 embassies, 205–206 entertaining. See business entertaining equality/inequality issues, xvi–xvii; China, 8; India, 27; Indonesia, 44; Japan, 65; Malaysia, 81–82; Philippines, 101; Singapore, 116; South Korea, 132; Sri Lanka, 149; Taiwan, 163; ailand, 177; Vietnam, 191 evidence, types of, xv eye contact, 111, 126 F facts, as evidence, xv faith, as evidence, xv feelings, as evidence, xv foreign languages. See language G gender issues. See equality/inequality issues gestures: China, 13; India, 33; Indonesia, 52–53; Japan, 70–71; Malaysia, 90–91; Philippines, 107–108; Singapore, 121–122; South Korea, 141; Sri Lanka, 153; Taiwan, 169; ailand, 180–181; Vietnam, 194–195 gis: China, 14–15; India, 33–34; Indonesia, 53–54; Japan, 71–72; Malaysia, 91–92; Philippines, 108–109; Singapore, 122–124; South Korea, 141–142; Sri Lanka, 153–154; Taiwan, 169–170; ailand, 172–173, 181; Vietnam, 195 government: China, 4; Hong Kong, 17; India, 23–24; Indonesia, 38–40; Japan, 59–60; Malaysia, 77–78; Philippines, 97–98; Singapore, 111, 113; South Korea, 128; Sri Lanka, 146–147; Taiwan, 159–160; ailand, 174; Vietnam, 183, 184, 186–187 government resources, 205–207 greetings: China, 12; India, 31–32; Indonesia, 49–52; Japan, 69–70; Malaysia, 87–88; Philippines, 105–106; Singapore, 119–121; South Korea, 140; Sri Lanka, 152–153; Taiwan, 168; ailand, 179–180; Vietnam, 193–194 H handshakes. See greetings health issues: China, 6; Hong Kong, 19; India, 26; Malaysia, 80; Philippines, 100 Hinduism, 25, 88, 120 history: China, 3–4; Hong Kong, 16–17; India, 23; Indonesia, 37–38; Japan, 58–59; Malaysia, 76–77; Philippines, 96–97; Singapore, 112–113; South Korea, 127–128; Sri Lanka, 145–146; Taiwan, 157–158; ailand, 171, 173–174; Vietnam, 185–186 Hoa Hoa, 187 holidays, 2–3, 29, 45, 55, 66, 84, 100, 102, 210–211 Hong Kong, 16–21 I India, 21–34 individualism, xv–xvi Indonesia, 35–55 intellectual property laws, 82 Islam, 5, 25, 41, 75, 114 J Japan, 56–73 L language: China, 2, 4–5, 15; Hong Kong, 18; India, 22, 24–25; Indonesia, 40, 45; Japan, 60–61, 68; Malaysia, 78–79, 83; Philippines, 98; reasons to learn foreign, 202–204; Singapore, 113, 114; South Korea, 128–129; Sri Lanka, 147; Taiwan, 160–161; ailand, 172, 174–175; Vietnam, 187 220 Kiss, Bow, or Shake Hands: Asia locus of decision-making. See decision- making M Malaysia, 74–93 meals. See business entertaining medical information, 206–207; See also health issues meetings. See business practices measurement equivalents, 212–215 N naming conventions. See titles/forms of address natural disasters, 6, 26, 42, 63, 80, 99, 130, 143, 144, 155–156, 162 negotiation strategies: See also business negotiations; China, 7; India, 27; Indonesia, 43; Japan, 64; Malaysia, 80–81; overview, xiv–xv; Philippines, 100; Singapore, 115; South Korea, 131; Sri Lanka, 148; Taiwan, 162; ailand, 176; Vietnam, 190 nepotism, 142, 157 O open-minded thinking, xii–xiii P particular thinking, xiv Philippines, 94–109 politics, 22, 41–42 power divisions, xvi–xvii; See also equality/inequality issues punctuality. See time R religion: China, 5–6; Hong Kong, 19; India, 25–26; Indonesia, 41–42; Japan, 62; Malaysia, 79; Philippines, 98–99; Singapore, 114; South Korea, 125, 129–130; Sri Lanka, 144, 147– 148, 151; Taiwan, 161; ailand, 175; Vietnam, 187, 188 S safety issues: China, 6; India, 26; Indonesia, 42; Japan, 63; Malaysia, 80; Philippines, 99–100; Singapore, 114; South Korea, 130; Sri Lanka, 148; ailand, 172; Vietnam, 189 Shamanism, 130 Shinto, 62 Sikhism, 26 Singapore, 110–124 smiling, 71, 75, 104, 117–118 South Korea, 125–142 Sri Lanka, 143–154 stress reduction, xvi T Taiwan, 155–170 ailand, 171–182 theocratic cultures, xii–xiii time: China, 8–9; Hong Kong, 20; India, 28–29; Indonesia, 36, 44–46; Japan, 65–66; Malaysia, 82–84; Philippines, 101–102; Singapore, 116–117; South Korea, 132–133; Sri Lanka, 144, 149–150; Taiwan, 163–164; ailand, 177; Vietnam, 191–192 tipping, 28, 42 titles/forms of address, 194; Arabic, 198–200; China, 12–13, 197–198; India, 32, 200–201; Indonesia, 52; Japan, 70; Malaysia, 88–89; Philippines, 95, 106–107; Singapore, 121; South Korea, 140–141; Sri Lanka, 153; Taiwan, 168–169; ailand, 180 Transparency International, 206 travel insurance, 207 U universal thinking, xiv V value systems: China, 7–8; India, 27; Indonesia, 43–44; Japan, 64–65; Malaysia, 81–82; overview, xv–xvii; Philippines, 100–101; Singapore, 115– 116; South Korea, 131–132; Sri Lanka, 149; Taiwan, 162–163; ailand, 176–177; Vietnam, 190–191 Vietnam, 183–196 About the Authors T M and W A. C have coauthored ve books on intercultural communications, hundreds of articles, and several databases—all of which are available at www.kissboworshake hands.com. Terri Morrison also oers keynote seminars on intercul- tural communications, which range from one to three hours. ese highly informative, entertaining, and interactive presentations can be customized for specic industries, countries, and regions of the world. A speaker video, biography, and references are available at www.TerriMorrison.com. eir electronic product Kiss, Bow, or Shake Hands: Expanded Edition (KBSH:XE) contains up-to-date business and cultural data on over 100 countries. Numerous private and public institutions have found KBSH:XE to be a valuable tool for facilitating globalization. Subscriptions are available for corporate, educational, governmental, and personal usage, and contain information on everything from Business Practices (appointments, negotiating, entertaining, etc.) to Intellectual Property Rights and Culturally-Correct Gis. A demo of KBSH:XE is available at their Web site. e electronic World Holiday and Time Zone Guide contains a useful format of cross-referencing holidays both by the country and by the day of the year. is database is a convenient feature for heavy travelers, meeting planners, and researchers who need current holi- day information on 101 countries. e study of intercultural communication represents a lifelong interest for the authors of Kiss, Bow, or Shake Hands. By way of con- tinuing that research, the authors invite your comments. Whether 221 222 Kiss, Bow, or Shake Hands: Asia your own experience conrms or diverges from the data in this book, they welcome your perspective. Please contact them at: TerriMorrison@getcustoms.com Phone: 610-725-1040 Or via these Web sites: www.getcustoms.com www.TerriMorrison.com www.kissboworshakehands.com Virtue is bold, and goodness never fearful. —William Shakespeare KISS, BOW, OR SHAKE HANDS: ASIA How to Do Business in 12 Asian Countries • CULTURAL OVERVIEWS • TIPS FOR DOING BUSINESS • KNOW BEFORE YOU GO • NEGOTIATING STRATEGIES • PROTOCOL TERRI MORRISON AND WAYNE A. CONAWAY ASIA Terri Morrison, author of Kiss, Bow, or Shake Hands, 2nd Edition, resides in Newtown Square, PA and is president of Getting Through Customs, a highly successful Internet product and training  rm for global business travelers. Her clients include American Airlines, AEP, Carnival Cruise Lines, Cypress Semiconductor, Deloitte & Touche, Dun & Bradstreet, Hewlett-Packard, and Lucent Technologies. She conducts seminars in intercultural communications, has written for many publications, has appeared on numerous TV shows, and has been pro led and quoted in national newspapers and magazines from the Wall Street Journal to Fortune. $14.95 (Canada $19.95) Business www.adamsmedia.com The defi nitive guide to international business and travel etiquette “To help achieve success in communicating globally about our business, there are critical tools never far from my reach: my laptop or BlackBerry, my phone, and Terri Morrison’s book Kiss, Bow, or Shake Hands.” —Sherry Nebel, Vice President–Communications, Connexion by Boeing Kiss, Bow, or Shake Hands: Asia reveals the subtleties of interaction, negotiation strategies, and professional skills you need to keep poised for success in your business travels. This comprehensive guide to Asia contains up-to-date information to lead you through social situations, business meetings, and understanding local culture. Americans must now consider how economies are continuously shifting all over Asia, and how Asian countries interact with the West and each other. Learn about business practices, cognitive styles, and social customs. Give the right gift; make the right gesture. Countries pro led are China (and Hong Kong), India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam. Includes: • Cultural IQ tests • “Know Before You Go” tips • Alerts on international security issues MORRISON and CONAWAY KISS, BOW, OR SHAKE HANDS: KISS, BOW, OR SHAKE HANDS: ASIA How to Do Business in 12 Asian Countries • CULTURAL OVERVIEWS • TIPS FOR DOING BUSINESS • KNOW BEFORE YOU GO • NEGOTIATING STRATEGIES • PROTOCOL TERRI MORRISON AND WAYNE A. CONAWAY . HANDS: ASIA How to Do Business in 12 Asian Countries • CULTURAL OVERVIEWS • TIPS FOR DOING BUSINESS • KNOW BEFORE YOU GO • NEGOTIATING STRATEGIES • PROTOCOL TERRI. 205–206 entertaining. See business entertaining equality/inequality issues, xvi–xvii; China, 8; India, 27; Indonesia, 44; Japan, 65; Malaysia, 81–82; Philippines,