Integrated Essay - 139 After listening to the lecture, read the prompt. TASK: You have 20 minutes to write your response. Directions: Read the following passage. You have 3 minutes. Now listen to a lecture on the same topic. Organic food is very trendy these days. Everywhere you go, people are jumping on the organic bandwagon. I used to be organic. I did. But I kicked the habit. Believe me, I’d bought all the arguments, like the one that says that organic food is priced the same as non organic. Right. Let me give you an example of just how wrong that argument is. At my local grocery store, a small box of organic strawberries costs four dollars. Four dollars for maybe twelve strawberries! I can buy twice that many non organic strawberries for half that price. The fact is organic fruits and vegetables are a good forty to fifty percent more expensive than non organic. Imagine trying to feed a family of four at those prices. You’d have to take out a bank loan every time you went shopping. Another thing about organic is that it’s not always easy to get. At my local grocery store, I can buy organic fruit and vegetables no problem, but not organic rice or grains like barley and wheat. If I want organic rice, I have to drive ten miles across town through heavy traffic to a health food store that doesn’t take credit cards. Then I have drive all the way back home. All that for five pounds of rice. Believe me, it’s easier just to grab a bag of good old non organic rice at my local grocery store. And what about taste? Does my family even know the difference between organic and non organic? No. A good example is organic milk. I used to buy it all the time but I stopped because it was more expensive than non organic. Did my husband and kids miss the organic milk? Did they suddenly notice a taste change from organic to non organic milk? Not at all. Food for thought next time you wander through the organic section of your local grocery store. Task #4 CD Track #7 Prompt Summarize the points made in the lecture and show how they cast doubt on the points made in the reading. 140 - Integrated Essay y After listening to the lecture, read the prompt. TASK: You have 20 minutes to write your response. Directions: Read the following passage. You have 3 minutes. Now listen to a lecture on the same topic. Let me cut to the chase. We need to fund a new era in space exploration for the benefit of science and for all mankind. For starters, history has shown that there is no better way to develop new technology than by exploring space. All you need to do is look around to realize the benefits that have come from exploring space: TV satellite dishes, medical imaging, edible toothpaste, smoke detectors, ski boots, invisible braces and joystick controllers. And that’s just the start. That computer you are using? Why is it so small? Because in the early days of space exploration, miniaturization was priority number one. Smaller meant less weight which meant less fuel needed to launch rockets into space. As you can see, space exploration has inspired great minds to develop new ideas not only for space but for the benefit of all mankind. Another benefit would be the boom in space travel. With the space shuttle making regular flights into earth orbit, there’s no reason why private companies can’t do the same. Yes, it’s expensive now but in the near future, with more companies coming online, costs will come down substantially. Imagine vacationing on the moon. You could visit all the original Apollo landing sites and watch earth rise and earth set. Honeymooners will love it. The most pressing reason for why we should explore space is to discover who is really out there. If you are like me, you have no doubt that life exists on other planets. The only question is on which planets. A space program dedicated to searching out new life forms would go a long way in solving the mystery. Think of the benefits of encountering a new species of being. We would benefit from their science and, more importantly, finally prove that we are not alone after all. Task #5 CD Track #8 Prompt Summarize the points made in the lecture and show how they cast doubt on the points made in the reading. Integrated Essay - 141 After listening to the lecture, read the prompt. TASK: You have 20 minutes to write your response. On test day, expect to write an argument counter-argument essay. However, you must be prepared to write a show-support integrated essay. A show-support integrated essay is a fact-based argument. Look at the following show-support prompt. For this task, you must:  take notes as you read and listen;  summarize the main points in the reading and in the lecture;  synthesize the main points in the reading and in the lecture;  paraphrase the main points in the reading and in the lecture;  demonstrate how the lecture adds to and supports the reading. Understanding the testing method ETS uses for this task is the first step in writing a coherent, show-support integrated essay. Start by reading the passage on the next page. You have 3 minutes. Prompt Summarize the points made in the lecture and show how they add to and support the information in the reading. Show-Support Essay ETS’s Testing Method Prompt Summarize the points made in the lecture and show how they cast doubt on the points made in the reading. 142 - Integrated Essay y Notice how the reading is a general introduction to animal behavior. Note also that there is no opinion; however, there is a premise in the first (topic) sentence: “Animal behavior can be classified according to the time of day an animal is active.” The premise is a general fact. It is also the main topic of the reading. Now read as you listen to a lecture on the same topic. As you read listen, look for supporting illustrations (3TiC). Good afternoon. In this lecture, we’ll focus on a common nocturnal animal, the bat. There are two types of bat: micro bats, or true bats, and mega bats, also called fruit bats. Let’s start with mega bats. Size wise, mega bats are from two to sixteen inches in length. Mega bats have extremely sensitive sight and smell. This helps them locate the flowers and fruit upon which they feed. It is while eating that mega bats play a important role in the distribution of plants. Like bees, mega bats serve as pollinators. When they lick nectar or eat flowers, their bodies become covered in pollen which they, in turn, carry to other trees and plants thereby acting as pollinators. In fact, many of the fruits and vegetables on our tables, such as bananas and peaches, would not be there if mega bats did not pollinate plants and trees. (continued on the next page) Animal behavior can be classified according to the time of day an animal is active. Animals, such as horses, elephants and most birds, are said to be diurnal because they are active during the day and rest at night. Humans by far are the largest segment of this group. The majority of us work during the day and sleep at night. Those animals that are active at dawn and dusk are said to be crepuscular. Beetles, skunks and rabbits fall into this category. The third group are those animals that sleep during the day and are active at night. They are called nocturnal. A good example is the bat. Bats have highly developed eyesight and hearing, and an excellent sense of smell. This helps them avoid predators and locate food. Being nocturnal also helps them avoid high temperatures during the day, especially in deserts where temperatures can reach well over one hundred degrees. Also, because it is cooler at night, bats and other nocturnal animals use less energy. This, in turn, means they retain more body water essential for survival. CD Track #9 Integrated Essay - 143 In the lecture, two examples of a nocturnal animal are developed: mega bats and micro bats. These examples “add to and support” (develop) the premise in the reading: “Animal behavior can be classified according to the time of day an animal is active.” Mapped out, you can see how the reading and the lecture are organized. Notice that the premise in the sample reading introduces a general description of animal classification. G = premise = general TiC = example = specific TiC = example = specific add to + support C = conclusion = general Are there always two lecture examples (2TiC) to add and support the reading? No. Sometimes there is one well-developed example (1TiC). Sometimes there are two examples (2TiC). Sometimes there are three (3TiC). Be prepared for three examples. The lecture examples (specific) always “add to and support” the reading (general). add to + support Next are micro bats. As the name implies, micro bats are quite small, about the size of a mouse. To find food, micro bats use echolocation, high frequency sounds they bounce off insects. The most common micro bat is the vesper or evening bat. Like mega bats, micro bats play an important role in the environment. The average vesper bat, for example, can eat one thousand mosquitoes in one night. By doing so, they control the mosquito population. reading lecture general = reading specific = lecture Q A Remember! 144 - Integrated Essay y When writing a show-support integrated essay, use G+3TiC=C and the six steps to demonstrate OPDUL=C in your essay. Because the reading is a general description of the main topic, summarize it first. Because the lecture will “add to and support” the reading with specific examples, use transitions of addition in the lecture. You will have 3 minutes to read the passage. Read it twice. Read first for a general understanding. The second time look for signal words that identify the premise. Remember : The premise is the main topic. definition…define…classify…classification…process…historical figure…historical moment…idea…concept…theory…design… These signal words will identify the premise, a topic TOEFL will teach you about. Reading G Lecture Ti First C Ti Next C Ti Also C C Show Support: Step-by-Step Make a G+3TiC=C note map; include transitions of addition. Step #1 Read the Passage Integrated Essay - 145 TOEFL realizes that you have probably never heard about the reading topic in English before. Therefore, TOEFL will teach you about it. TOEFL teaches you by giving you a premise (main topic) followed by a general description of the premise. In other words, the reading is both a teaching and a testing tool. To teach you, TOEFL will define the premise using a definition or a description of a person, place or thing. The premise might also be defined by a process, a concept, a natural phenomena, a social or psychological theory, or an historical moment or person. The premise might also be a classification, as is the sample below. Because the reading passage is so short, the premise will often be in the topic (first) sentence. Read the sample passage. Notice how the premise is stated in the first sentence and is identified by the signal words “can be classified”. As you read the passage, summarize it under Reading on your note map. To summarize means to identify and generally describe the main points. In the reading, the main points are the premise and a general description of the premise. Animal behavior can be classified according to the time of day an animal is active. Animals, such as horses, elephants and most birds, are said to be diurnal because they are active during the day and rest at night. Humans by far are the largest segment of this group. The majority of us work during the day and sleep at night. Those animals that are active at dawn and dusk are said to be crepuscular. Beetles, skunks and rabbits fall into this category. The third group are those animals that sleep during the day and are active at night. They are called nocturnal. A good example is the bat. Bats have highly developed eyesight and hearing, and an excellent sense of smell. This helps them avoid predators and locate food. Being nocturnal also helps them avoid high temperatures during the day, especially in deserts where temperatures can reach well over one hundred degrees. Also, because it is cooler at night, bats and other nocturnal animals use less energy. This, in turn, means they retain more body water essential for survival. TOEFL as Teacher Remember! 146 - Integrated Essay y The reading passage will contain a lot of information. Most of it is distractor (details that are not important in your summary). Your job is to identify and summarize the premise. Do not summarize every sentence. You will waste time. You only have 20 minutes. When the reading time is up, the passage will leave your screen. It will be replaced by the lecture. The lecture will be 2-3 minutes long. As you listen to the sample lecture (CD Track #9), look at the lecture notes below. Note the how each example of a bat is developed. Note also the cause-and-effect relationship in the concluding sentence of each body paragraph (C). Note also how the conclusion (C) restates the task described in the prompt (see the prompt on the next page). Reading G reading classifies animal behavior according to time of day day is diurnal – eat during day, sleep at night, humans horses, elephants twilight is crepuscular – active dawn and dusk, beetles, rabbits, skunks night is nocturnal – sleep during day, active at night Lecture Ti First mega bats, 2 - 16 inches good eyesight and smell, helps bat find food food is flowers and fruit C like bees mega bats pollinate plants/trees peaches, bananas = good for environment Ti Next micro bats, very small size of mouse use echolocation to find food (insects) C micro bats eat 1,000 mosquitoes a night = good for controlling mosquitoes C These examples add to and support the reading Warning!! Listen to the lecture. Step #2 Integrated Essay - 147 When the lecture ends, the reading passage will return to your computer screen. The prompt will also appear. When writing a first draft, summarize the reading first, then the lecture. By doing so, you are using block style as a method of organization. How long should my show-support integrated essay be? ETS says: “An effective [integrated essay] would be 150-225 words.” How many words is the show-support essay above? 212. The reading classifies animal behavior three ways: diurnal, crepuscular and nocturnal. Diurnal animals are active during the day and sleep at night. Crepuscular animals are active at dawn and dusk. Nocturnal animals hunt at night and rest during the day. An example of a nocturnal animal is the bat. The lecture develops the example of the bat. First, there are mega bats or fruit bats. They live in Africa, Asia and Oceania and eat fruit and flowers which they locate by smell and with their excellent eyesight. As they eat, seeds from the fruit fall to the forest floor and new trees grow. This is good for the environment because new trees replace the old ones. Mega bats also pollinate. When they eat a flower, their bodies get covered with pollen which they carry to other flowers. The lecture says without mega bats pollinating, we would have no peaches or bananas. Next the lecture talks about micro bats or small bats. Micro bats use echolocation to find insects to eat. Like mega bats, micro bats are also good for the environment. In one night, a micro bat called the vesper bat can eat approximately 1,000 mosquitoes. By doing so, they control the mosquito population. These examples add to and support the reading. Read the prompt; write a first draft. Step #3 Q A Q A reading lecture Prompt Summarize the points made in the lecture and show how they add to and support the information in the reading. 148 - Integrated Essay y Does this essay demonstrate organization? This essay has a premise, a body and a conclusion. This demonstrates block-style organization. Yes √ No _ Does this essay demonstrate progression? The writer develops the premised followed by supporting illustrations in the body. After the body, there is a conclusion stating how the main points in the lecture “add to and support the reading.” This demonstrates progression (general-specific). Yes √ No _ a. Does the introduction demonstrate development-summarization? The writer identifies and summarizes the premise in the reading with no points left out. This demonstrates introduction development- summarization. Yes √ No _ b. Does the body demonstrate development-summarization? The writer identifies and summarizes the supporting illustrations in the lecture with no points left out. This demonstrates body development- summarization. Yes √ No _ c. Does the conclusion demonstrate development-summarization? The conclusion states how the main points in the lecture add to and support the general topic in the reading. This demonstrates conclusion development-summarization. Yes √ No _ a. Does this essay demonstrate topical unity-synthesis? The writer focuses on how animals are classified by behavior with no topical digressions. This demonstrates topical unity-synthesis. Yes √ No _ b. Does this essay demonstrate grammatical unity-synthesis? There are no mistakes in syntax. The transitions are correct. These elements combined demonstrate grammatical unity-synthesis. Yes √ No _ Does this essay demonstrate proficient language use-paraphrasing? There are no mistakes in word choice or spelling. The writer paraphrases the reading and the lecture. This demonstrates proficient language use- paraphrasing. Yes √ No _ Does this essay (argument) demonstrate coherence? Because of Organization, Progression, Development-summarization, Unity- synthesis and L anguage Use-paraphrasing, this essay proficiently demonstrates how the main points in the lecture “add to and support the reading.” This demonstrates coherence (OPDUL=C ). Yes √ No _ Check your first draft for Coherence using OPDUL=C. Step #4 O P D U L C . reading and in the lecture;  synthesize the main points in the reading and in the lecture;  paraphrase the main points in the reading and in the lecture;. eat fruit and flowers which they locate by smell and with their excellent eyesight. As they eat, seeds from the fruit fall to the forest floor and new