Vv vacancy noun • ADJ. unfilled I suitable The agency will letyou know if they have any suitable vacancies. I casual, temporary I job, presidential, senate, staff • VERB + VACANCY have I create, leave Her going on maternity leave will create a temporary vacancy. I fill • VACANCY + VERB arise, exist, occur A vacancy has arisen in our sales department. • PREP. -fora uacancyfor head chef-in a vacancy in the catering department vacant adj. • VERBS be I become, fall (only used of jobs) A seat be- came vacant and he sat down in it. 0 Ajobfell vacant in the accounting department. I remain I leave sth The officeof president had been left vacant since her retirement. I keep sth Thejob will bekept nacantfor afeto more weeks. vaccination noun • ADJ. flu, measles, rubella, smallpox, etc. • VERB + VACCINATION have I give sb • VACCINATION + NOUN campaign, programme • PREP -against a vaccination againsttetanus vaccine noun • ADJ. effective, safe I measles, rubella, etc. The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives. I live a live vaccine containing thepolio virus • QUANT. dose one dose ofBCG vaccine • VERB + VACCINE give sb I have, receive I develop • VACCINE + VERB protectsbThevaccineprotectschil- dren against tuberculosis. I prevent sth a vaccine to pre- vent rubella • PREP. - against Researchers are trying to develop a vac- cine against the disease. -for a oaccinefor meningitis vacuum noun • ADJ. perfect I moral, political, spiritual The writer criticized the moral vacuum in society. I power Her resig- nation left apower vacuum in thegovernment. • VERB + VACUUM create, leave, produce The machine then creates a vacuum. I fill Other gases rush in tofill the vacuum. vagina noun • VERB + VAGINA enter, penetrate • PREP. in/into/inside the/your- vague adj. • VERBS be, look, sound 'Where did you leave it?' Isobel looked vague. I become, get She seems to be getting ra- ther vague as she grows older. I remain I leave sth The identity of the city in the novel is deliberately left vague. • ADV. extremely, hopelessly, very Her directions were hopelessly vague. I a bit, fairly, a little, pretty, quite, ra- ther, somewhat I enough, SUfficiently It was a vague enough conceptfor the liberals to unite around. I suitably I deliberately, intentionally You're being deliberately vague. I necessarily Since the officers knew little them- selves their reassurances were necessarily vague. I inher- ently an inherently vague and subjective concept I notori- ously The law is notoriously vague on this point. • PREP. about I am vague about what happened during the rest of the night. as to I was suitably vague as to exactly how I had acquired the money. in The statement was vague in its wording. valid adj. 1 legally acceptable • VERBS be I become I remain, stay I deem sth, hold sth The original written contract was held valid. • ADV. still Is your passport still valid? I no longer I le- gally Is the contract legally valid? • PREP. for Vouchers are only ualidfor races taking place before 31 December. 2 strong and convincing • VERBS be, seem I become I remain I accept sth as, consider sth, deem sth, regard sth as We accepted sev- eral different approaches as valid. • ADV. extremely, very I absolutely, completely, per- fectly This is a perfectly valid question to raise. I not en- tirely I reasonably I equally using a different, but equal- ly valid technique I universally a universally valid set of moral principles I not necessarily I not strictly That ar- gument is not strictly valid in this case. I still I no longer The old assumptions are no longer valid. I logically, sci- entifically, statistically a logically valid deduction validity noun • ADJ. great I equal Don't you think that both views have equal validity? I doubtful, dubious, questionable I face The theory has the face validity of being consistent with recentfindings. I legal, scientific The legal validity of the claims has been challenged. • VERB + VALIDITY have I give sth, lend sth His repu- tation lends a certain validity to the approach that it might not deserve. I cast doubt on, challenge, deny, question I accept, confirm, uphold The judges upheld the validity of the previous judgement. I assess, test to assess the sci- entific validity of new treatments • PREP of - The results are of doubtful validity. I -for the theory's validity for parent-child relationships valley noun • ADJ. broad, deep, high, long, steep, wide I little, nar- row, shallow, small I steep I lower, upper I fertile, for- ested, green, wooded I mountain, river I Rhine, Thames, etc. • VALLEY + NOUN bottom, floor, side • PREP. in althe- The cottage was ina wooded valley. valour noun • ADJ. great a soldier famed for his great valour • VERB + VALOUR demonstrate, display, show He showed valour and skill on the battlefield. • PREP. an act/a deed of valour valuable adj. 1worth a lot of money • VERBS be, look I become I remain • ADV. extremely, really, very I quite, rather I com- mercially commercially valuable expertise 2 very useful • VERBS be, prove, seem I become I remain I make sb/sth They have skills and qualities which make them highly valuable. I consider sth • ADV. eminently, enormously, especially, exceeding- Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Iy, exceptionally, extremely, highly, immensely, most, particularly, really, truly, very I increasingly I quite I equally The subject could be equally valuable for scien- tists. I inherently, intrinsically The Romantics believed that the life of the imagination was intrinsically valuable. I potentially I ecologically, educationally, scientifical- ly, socially ecologically valuable species • PREP. as The survey uias valuable as an indicator of local opinion. for Good eyesight is a quality which is ex- tremely ixiluable for a hunting animal. to documents that are enormously valuable to historians valuation noun • ADJ. high, low I detailed I independent I actuarial I market I land, mortgage, property I share, stock • VERB + VALUATION carry out, do, make, prepare • VALUATION + NOUN fee, report value noun 1 amount of money that sth is worth • ADJ. high, low the high value of the dollar I full, total I real, true I nominal a share with a nominal value of £20 I face At yesterday's auction an old coin soldfor many times more than itsface value of 20pence. I residual a residual value of 1 0 % of its original cost I resale Regular servicing will add tothe resale value ofyour pc. • VERB + VALUE place, put, set It's hard to put a value on a company with large assets and turnover but low profits. I add I increase, raise I double, triple, etc. Dra- matic developments on the stock market tripled the value of his shares. I lower, reduce I hold, keep The piano has held its value. I calculate, work out • VALUE + VERB double, triple, etc. I appreciate, go up, increase I decrease, depreciate, fall, go down • PREP. in - The land has dropped in value. to the - of Jewellery to the value of a million pounds was stolen last night. • PHRASES an increase/a rise in value, a drop/fail/re- duction in value 2 how much sth is worth compared with its price • ADJ. excellent, good, great, outstanding I poor • PHRASES value for money Though a little more expen- sive, the larger model gives better ualuefor money. 3 importance • ADJ. enormous, great, high, immense, incalculable, tremendous I doubtful, dubious, limited, low His pub- lished account of his travels is of dubious value to other ex- plorers. I lasting I main, real, true I practical, senti- mental, symbolic • VERB + VALUE have The stolen necklace only had sen- timental ualuefor her. I attach, place, put, set Heplaces a high value on marriage. • VALUE + VERB be, lie The real value of the book lies in its wonderful characterization. • PREP. of - He didn't say anything of value. I - to Pot- teryfragments are of great value to archaeologists. 4 values set of beliefs • ADJ. dominant the dominant values of a society I con- servative, conventional, traditional I common, shared, universal What shared values do you have with your friends? I human I aesthetic, cultural, educational, eth- ical, moral, political, social, spiritual Weneed to beguided by our moral values. I family The party's election cam- paign emphasized its belief in family values. I middle- class, Victorian, Western I parental the rejection of par- ental values by a child I democratic, liberal • QUANT. set aprevailing set of cultural values • VERB + VALUES have, hold They hold very middle- class values. I cherish, encourage, foster Is it the role of schools tofoster spiritual values? I hold onto, preserve a society that has jailed topreserve its traditional values • VALUE + NOUN systemacommonvaluesystem 847 vanish value verb 1decide how much sth is worth • AD"!. officially • PREP. at The company has recently been valued at $6billion. 2 think sb/sth is very important • ADV. greatly, highly, particularly I increasingly I positively I negatively Housework is negatively valued as a retreat from a disliked alternative-employment work. I rightly the fear of losing the independence that they rightly value I socially one of the most socially val- ued roles in contemporary society-being aparent • VERB + VALUE learn to learning to value the ordinary things in life • PREP. as I value her very highly as a friend. for He hated to be ualuedfor his looks alone. valueless adj. • VERBS be, seem I become • ADV completely, quite Our shares became completely valueless overnight. • PREP. as Some of the royalforests had become valueless as hunting grounds. valve noun • ADJ. safety I non-return, one-way I drain, pressure- relief I fuel, water, etc. I heart, radiator, etc. • VERB + VALVE fit The plumber willfit some new safety valves. I open You need special tools to open the valve. I close van noun 1vehicle for transporting goods, etc. • ADJ. light I transit I camper I delivery, furniture, ice- cream, mail, removal I armoured, police • VERB + VAN drive I park I load, unload • VAN + NOUN driver 2type of railway carriage • ADJ. goods, guard's, luggage vandal noun • ADJ. car Car vandals caused more than £10000worth of damage to vehicles last Saturday. • VERB + VANDAL deter, discourage The windows are covered with grilles to deter vandals. • VANDAL + VERB damage sth, wreck sth vandalism noun • ADJ. mindless, wanton I criminal I environmental • VERB + VANDALISM discourage, prevent • PHRASES an act of vandalism vanish verb 1 disappear suddenly and completely • ADV. just, simply I turned round and she had simply vanished. I abruptly, instantly, promptly, suddenly I quickly, rapidly Herfeelings of shyness rapidly vanished. I mysteriously a man who mysteriously vanished from. his home last month • VERB + VANISH seem to I make sb/sth • PREP. from All thoughts of romance uanished from his mind. into She vanished into the mist. • PHRASES vanish from the face of the earth, vanish from sight, vanish into thin air At a stroke she could make things vanish into thin air. vanish without trace 2 disappear over a period of time • ADV altogether, completely, entirely, totally Many of these old cinemas have now vanished altogether. I all but, almost, virtually country inns of a type that has now all Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. vanity but vanished I long since The people who built this tem- ple have long since vanished. I forever Much of the land we loved has vanishedforever. • PREP from This plant is vanishing from the British countryside. vanity noun • ADJ. great I female, human, male, personal • VERB + VANITY appeal to, flatter My suggestion ap- pealed to her vanity. vapour noun • ADJ. water • QUANT. cloud There was a hissing sound, and clouds of vapour were emitted. • VERB + VAPOUR form, turn to The particles then form. a vapour. I emit, give off/out • VAPOUR + VERB condense variability noun • ADJ. considerable, extreme, great, high, wide There is considerable variability in all the test scores. I low, slight • QUANT. degree • PREP. - among/between variability among different health authorities - in variability in cropyields variable adj. • VERBS be, seem I become • ADV extremely, highly, very, widely Polar habitats are harsh and highly variable. I infinitely These systems are infinitely variable. I increasingly I quite, slightly, somewhat • PREP. in variable in shape variation noun • ADJ. considerable, dramatic, enormous, extreme, great, major, marked, significant, striking, substantial, tremendous, wide I minor, slight, small, subtle subtle variations of colour and design I numerous I endless, infinite I complex I random I systematic I local, re- gional I climatic, cultural, environmental, ethnic, gen- etic, geographical, hereditary, language, linguistic I annual, daily, day-to-day, seasonal, year-to-year • VERB + VARIATION show The businesses showed a dramatic variation in how they treated their staff I find, observe Considerable variation was found in the terms offered by different banks. I analyse • VARIATION + VERB occur • PREP. -according to variation according to the time of year - across She is studying language variation across the social range. - among variation among the students in terms of ability - between variations between different ac- cents - by There is little variation by sex or social class in these attitudes. - in slight variations in pressure - with temperature variation with altitude-within There may be striking variations within a species. • PHRASES a range of variation, a variation on a theme His numerous complaints are all variations on a theme. varied adj. • VERBS be I become I remain • ADV. enormously, extremely, highly, immensely, richly, tremendously, very, widely, wonderfully a richly varied cultural life I endlessly, infinitely an endlessly varied repertoire of songs I increasingly I quite I enough, sufficiently • PHRASES many and varied The opportunities the job offers are many and varied. 848 variety noun 1 not being the same; different kinds of sth • ADJ. amazing, astonishing, bewildering, consider- able, endless, enormous, exciting, extraordinary, fas- cinating, good, great, huge, impressive, incredible, in- finite, large, remarkable, rich, surprising, tremendous, vast, wide, wonderful The market sold a bewildering var- iety of cheeses. 0 the rich variety of the local bird life • VERB + VARIETY add, give, offer Dealing with cus- tomers adds variety to thejob. • PREP. of - a country of great variety I - in There is wide variety in shape and colour. - of Menus offer a good variety of seafood. 2 particular type of sth • ADJ. distinctive I common-or-garden, standard I rare, unusual I different There are hundreds of different varieties of apple. I new, old Old varieties of rose can be less resistant todiseases. varnish noun • ADJ. clear, colourless, transparent I gloss, glossy I matt (seealso nail varnish) • QUANT. coat The table needed two coats of varnish. • VERB + VARNISH apply Apply the varnish evenly over the whole surface. I remove, scrape off, strip off • VARNISH + VERB dry I protect sth You need a good quality varnish toprotect the timber. • VARNISH + NOUN remover vary verb • ADY. considerably, dramatically, enorrnously, a great deal, greatly, a lot, markedly, sharply, significant- ly, substantially, tremendously, widely, wildly I hardly The sword hardly varied inform from the 12th to the 15th century. I (a) little, slightly, somewhat I constantly, continuously the continuously varying intensities of nat- ural light I never I inevitably, necessarily What can be found will inevitably vary according to the area under study. I naturally, obviously Personal preference natural- ly varies. I systematically I accordingly Dictionaries areproduced with specific markets in mind, and their con- tents vary accordingly. I inversely The availability of good medical care tends to vary inversely with the needfor it. I geographically, historically Voting behaviour varies geographically. • VERB + VARY can, may Prices can vary enormously. I be likely to, tend to • PREP. according to The leaf's size varies toidely accord- ing tothe area where itgrows. among Services offered vary among the main high street banks. between The rate of growth varies considerably between different industries. 0 The doses used for surgical anaesthesia vary between 2 and 10mg/kg. by Access to this information varies by so- cial class. depending on Costs are likely to vary depend- ing on whereyou live. from to The situation varies slightly from country to country. 0 Its speed varies from 20 mph to 35 mph. in The rooms vary in size. with The danger of a heart attack varies with body weight. • PHRASES vary over/with time studying moral values and how they vary over time vase noun • ADJ. flower I china, crystal, cut-glass, glass, porcel- ain, silver, stone • VASE + VERB be filled with sth, contain sth, hold sth I stand A silver vase stood on the mantelpiece. • PREP. in althe- flowers arranged in a vase I -of a vase of fresh flouiers Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. vault noun 1 strong, underground room • ADJ. secure I bank, museum I treasure • VERB + VAULT keep/store sth in • PREP. in a/the- Thejewels werekept in a bank vault. 2 room under a church where dead people are buried • ADJ. burial, family, royal • VERB + VAULT bury sb in She is to be buried in the family vault. veer verb • ADV. sharply, violently, wildly The ship veered round wildly in the rough sea. I (to the) left, (to the) right I away, round The plane veered away to the left. • PREP. between (figurative) He veered between calm ac- ceptance and hysterical accusations. from (figurative) The play veers from loopy comedy to serious moralizing. off The car veered off the road. to The path veers sharply to the right. towards He veered left towards them. vegetable noun • ADJ. green, leafy, root, salad The children don't eat enough green vegetables. I crisp a salad of crisp, raw vege- tables I cooked, raw I fresh, frozen, tinned I organic I early, seasonal, spring, summer, winter I rotten • VERB + VEGETABLE grow They grow all their own vegetables. I eat, have I boil, cook, overcook, parboil, steam, stir-fry I chop, peel, puree • VEGETABLE + NOUN garden, patch, plot I market, stall I rack I crop I produce I dish, soup, stew, stock, terrine I fat, oil I protein I dye I fibre, matter q Special page at FOOD vegetarian noun • ADJ. strict They are strict vegetarians. • VEGETARIAN + NOUN cookery, dish, food, meal I diet I restaurant • PHRASES suitable for vegetarians All our cheeses are suitable for vegetarians. vegetation noun • ADJ. green I dense, lush, luxuriant, thick I scrub, scrubby, sparse As we drove towards the desert, the vege- tation became sparse. I decaying, decomposing, rotten, rotting piles of rotting vegetation I natural Removal of the natural vegetation has resulted in a lossof nutrients in the soil. I aquatic, woodland, sub-tropical, tropical • VERB + VEGETATION be covered in/with The hills are covered in lush green vegetation. • VEGETATION + VERB grow • VEGETATION + NOUN cover vehicle noun 1 used for transporting people or things • ADJ. moving, oncoming, passing She was blinded by the lights from an oncoming vehicle. I parked, stationary The bus crashed into a stationary vehicle. I unattended I stolen The thieves escaped in a stolen vehicle. I horse- drawn, motor I electric, diesel, petrol/petrol-driven I wheeled The city centre is off-limits to wheeled vehicles. I road I four-wheel-drive I all-terrain, off-road I vintage I private I commercial, delivery, (heavy) goods I emergency I police I armoured, military • QUANT. convoy The president's car was being follouied by a convoy of vehicles. • VERB + VEHICLE own I hire Hire a four-wheel-drive vehicle-there are lots of spots to discover off the beaten track. I drive I park I impound, tow away The vehicle was impounded as part of the police investigation. I 849 vendetta abandon Sniffer dogs were brought in tofollow the men after they abandoned the vehicle in a ditch. • VEHICLE + VERB arrive An eyewitness said, 'We saw loads of smoke, and then the emergency vehicles arrived.' I break down I collide, crash (into sth) Two drivers es- caped injury when their vehicles collided near Thirsk. I run on sth vehicles running on lead-freepetrol • VEHICLE + NOUN emission tighter controls on ve- hicle emissions I manufacture 2 sth used for communicating ideas/achieving sth • ADJ. excellent, ideal, perfect I important, main, major • PREP. -for The play is a perfect vehicle for her talents. - of The Students' Union is the main vehicle of communi- cation for students in the college. veil noun 1 piece of material for covering a woman's head • ADJ. bridal The bridal veil uiasfringed with lace. • VERB + VEIL wear I lift (back), remove, take off • VEIL + VERB cover sth A veil covered herface. • PREP. behind a/the - I couldn't see her face behind the veil. 2 sth that stops you knowing the full truth about sth • VERB + VEIL lift Thegovernment has decided to lift the veil on its plans. I draw It would be better to draw a veil over what happened next (= not talk about it). • PREP. behind/under-of The work iscarried out behind a veil of secrecy. vein noun 1 tube carrying blood in the body • ADJ. blue A blue vein throbbed in his forehead. I broken, thread, varicose She uses make-up to hide the thread veins in her cheeks. I jugular • VERB + VEIN course/run along/through, flow through, pump through, race through, rush through He felt the adrenalin coursing through his veins. • VEIN + VERB bulge, pulse, stand out, throb The veins stood out on her throat and temples. 2 particular style/quality • ADJ. rich • VERB + VEIN hit, strike The team have hit a rich vein of form recentiy. I tap (into) • PREP. - of The writer tapped into a rich vein of humour in theplay. • PHRASES in a different vein, in a lighter/more serious vein Fortunately, the rest of the evening continued in a lighter vein. in the same vein/in a similar vein velocity noun • ADJ. enormous, high I low I constant, uniform I average, mean I maximum • VERB + VELOCITY achieve, attain, reach Eventually, the star attained the velocity of light. I move with to move with a uniform velocity I increase, raise • VELOCITY + VERB increase, rise I decrease, fall • PREP. at a/the- Light travels at a constant velocity. velvet noun • ADJ. heavy I rich I faded, worn I crushed • PREP. of- curtains of heavy crimson velvet vendetta noun • ADJ. personal, political • VERB + VENDETTA conduct, pursue, run • PREP. - against For years he pursued a vendetta against the Morrisfamily: Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. veneer veneer noun • ADJ. thin I false I civilized • VERB + VENEER acquire I strip (off), strip sb/sth of They havestripped the veneer ofjingoismfrom the play, by showing war in its true horror. • VENEER + VERB disguise sth, hide sth, mask sth He managed toacquire a thin veneer of knowledge to mask his real ignorance. I crack For thefirst time her veneer of po- liteness began to crack. • PREP. behind/below/beneath/under a/the - They're brutal people behind their civilized veneer. I -of vengeance noun • ADJ. terrible • VERB + VENGEANCE exact, take, wreak She is deter- mined to wreak vengeance on those who killed her cousin. I be bent on, demand, seek, swear, vow, want He stormed out, eyes blazing, bent on vengeance. • PREP. - against They sought vengeance against the countries that had humiliated France in 1814 for ven- geance for the murder of the princess - on He silently vowed vengeance on them all. venom noun 1 poisonous fluid from a snake, etc. • ADJ. deadly I snake, spider, etc. • VERB + VENOM inject, spit The snake injects the venom immediately after biting itsprey. • VENOM + NOUN gland 2 extreme anger or hatred • ADJ. pure, real, undisguised a look of pure venom • VERB + VENOM spit She surveyed him coldly with eyes that spat venom. • PREP. with - She said it quickly and with venom. venomous adj. • VERBS be • ADV. highly a highly venomous snake I actively There are two types of mollusc that are actively venomous. vent noun • ADJ. air, heating I roof, side • VERB + VENT open, close I fit, install • PREP. through a/the- Air passes through a vent. ventilate verb • ADV. adequately, properly, well Make sure that the room is well ventilated. I badly, poorly ventilation noun • ADJ. adequate, good Inspectors checked that there was adequate ventilation. I inadequate, poor I artificial, mechanical I natural I through The windows at the back are blocked up, so there is no through ventilation. • VERB + VENTILATION give, provide Zips up the sides of thejacket give good ventilation. • VENTILATION + NOUN system I brick, duct, grille, hole, opening, pipe, shaft, slit, tube venture noun • ADJ. exciting I new I profitable, successful I cost- ly, expensive, unprofitable I ill-fated, unsuccessful I ambitious, bold, brave, high-risk, risky, speculative I collaborative, cooperative, joint I private I non- commercial I business, commercial, financial, pub- lishing, tourism/tourist, trading • VERB + VENTURE embark on, undertake The direct- ors of the company refused to undertake such a risky ven- ture. I establish, set up The company has set up a joint 850 venture with afirm in Austria. I join (in), join sb in His son Mark will bejoining him in the new venture. • VENTURE + NOUN capital, funds, money • PREP. - by a cooperative venture byfirms at the science park q Special page at BUSINESS venture verb • ADV cautiously She ventured cautiously into the room. I rarely, seldom I far, further (afield) Some of the men ventured further out to sea. I abroad, forth, out, outside Afew people ventured out into the street. • VERB + VENTURE dare (to) She would not have dared venture here alone. • PREP. away from, beyond, into, out of They rarely ven- tured beyond their local market town. venue noun • ADJ. ideal, perfect, popular, prestigious, top Europe's toP.venue for indoor athletics I intimate With room for only 200people, this is the most intimate venue the band has played for years. I all-seater, SOD-seater, etc. lout- door I home, neutral The match will be played at a neu- tral venue. I tourist I cabaret, concert, conference, en- tertainment, exhibition, performance, rock, sport- ing/sports • VERB + VENUE be, provide The Holiday Inn prouided the venue for this year's conference. I hire I play I pack (out) The musical has beenpacking out venues around the world. • PREP. at a/the - The meeting will be heid at a venue in the south of the city. in a/the - She has performed in venues around Europe. I - for The hall is a popular venue for weddings. • PHRASES a change of venue verb noun • ADJ. plural, singular I intransitive, transitive I ac- tive, passive I irregular, regular I main What's the main verb of the sentence? I finite I auxiliary, linking, modal I phrasal • VERB + VERB use In this essay he has used the same verbs over and over again. I take 'Government' can take a singular or plural verb. I agree with The subject doesn't agree with the verb. I conjugate, inflectDo you know how to conjugate the verb 'seek'? I modify, qualify Adverbs modify verbs. • VERB + VERB take sth Transitive verbs take a direct object. I agree with sth, infJectAdd an ending to make the verb agree with the subject. I end in sth • VERB + NOUN ending, form, phrase • PHRASE S a verb of motion/perception verdict noun 1 decision in a court of law about whether sb is guilty • ADJ. adverse, favourable In the case of an adverse ver- dict, the company could stand to lose millions. I guilty, not guilty, not proven I majority, unanimous a unani- mous verdict of not guilty I formal The jury returned a formal verdict after direction by the judge. I jury, trial I appeal, inquest I accident, accidental death, man- slaughter, murder, misadventure, open, suicide An open verdict was the only appropriate one, given the very unclear evidence at the inquest. • VERB + VERDICT consider The judge sent the jury away to consider its verdict. I agree (on), arrive at, reach They reached a verdict after hours of deliberation. I an- nounce, bring in, deliver, enter, read out, give, pass, pronounce, record, return The verdict was delivered in front of apacked courtroom. 0 The jury returned a verdict of guilty at the end of the trial. 0 The coroner recorded a verdict of accidental death. I accept I appeal against, Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. protest against I overturn, quash, reverse, set aside Hisfamily always insisted that the original 'guilty' verdict should be overturned. I uphold The verdict was upheld at appeal. • VERDICT + VERB be in sb's favour • PREP. -against Webelieve that the verdict against him was unfair. - of a verdict of accidental death 2 decision/opinion • ADJ. final Thepanel will give itsfinal verdict tomorrow. I general, overall, unanimous The unanimous verdict was that thepicnic had been agreat success. • VERB + VERDICT give • PREP -on What'syour verdict on her new book? verge noun • ADJ. grass I motorway, roadside • VERB + VERGE bring sb/sth to (figurative) This ac- tion brought the country to the vergeof economic collapse. • PREP. on the - (figurative) She was on the verge of a ner- vous breakdown when shefinally sought help. verification noun • ADJ. empirical, scientific • VERIFICATION + NOUN procedures • PREP. subject to- The credit card is then accepted, sub- ject to verification of the signature. vermin noun • VERB + VERMIN regard sth as Farmers regard foxes as vermin. I catch, control, deal with, shoot versatile adj. • VERBS be, prove, seem • ADV. amazingly, extremely, highly, very, wonderfully This machine is amazingly versatile. I fairly, quite verse noun • ADJ. humorous, light, satirical I blank, free, rhyming • VERB + VERSE compose, write • VERSE + NOUN form I drama • PREP. in - aplay in verse version noun 1sth based on sth else • ADJ. current, latest, new, updated, up-to-date I early, initial, original, preliminary, prototype an earlier version of this computer software I later, subsequent I definitive, final thefinal version of the architecturalplans I future Afuture version of the camera is currently being developed. I basic, standard I primitive, simplified I amended, enhanced, improved, modified, refined, re- vamped I advanced, complex, elaborate, sophisticated a more advanced version of the initial concept I high- performance I customized I de luxe, expensive, lux- ury I cheap, low-cost I miniature I enlarged I compact, cut-down, portable, scaled-down, small-scale I full- blown, full-length, full-size I French, French-language, etc. the Japanese-language version of the software • VERB + VERSION develop I bring out, create, come out/up with, introduce, launch, offer, present, produce, release, roll out, unveil The company will roll out an en- hanced version of its operating system in the new year. • VERSION + VERB be out, come out The new version comes out in June. I be based on sth 2 play, film, book, piece of writing, etc. • ADJ. draft, rough Keep a copy of the rough version of your essay. I abridged, condensed, short, simplified I unabridged, unsimplified I expanded I authorized, of- ficial This is the official version of thepainter's biography. I unauthorized, unofficial I hardback, paperback I 851 vet CD-ROM, electronic, interactive I French, French- language, etc. I film, movie, musical, screen, stage, television Thefilm version does not live up to the original novel. I cover (= of a song) The band does a lively cover version of 'Johnny B. Goode'. • VERB + VERSION do • PREP. in a/the - The children read the novel in its abridged version. 3way sth is seen/done by sb • ADJ. accurate, faithful I full Only one newspaper printed the full version of the speech. I popular I ex- treme, radical I watered-down, weak Theirs is a watered-down version of socialism. • VERB + VERSION give sb She agreed to give her ver- sion of events tojournalists. vessel noun 1ship/boat • ADJ. crippled, stranded, stricken, wrecked I sea- worthy I sailing, steam I ocean-going, sea-going I fishing I cargo, commercial, container, freight, mer- chant I naval I escort, patrol, supply, support, survey, transport I passenger I research I foreign • VERB + VESSEL operate He was accused of operating the vessel while drunk. I register The vessel was regis- tered in Bermuda. I charter I steer I anchor, moor I sink I ram The captain of the boat was accused of ram- ming apatrol vessel. I refloat A salvage team failed to re- float the vessel. I board Police boarded and searched the vessel. I swamp Huge waves swamped the vessel. • VESSEL + VERB beafloatltwasoneofthelargestves- sels afloat. I sail The damaged vessel sailedonfor another 50miles. I be bound for sth a French vessel bound for Ni- geria I enter a port, make port The vessel finally made port after thirty days at sea. I leave a port I carry sb/sth The vessel carried a crew of 130. I flood I go/lie/run aground, sink The oesselflooded and began to sink. • PREP. aboard a/the - They managed to haul the sur- vivors aboard the vessel. alongside a/the - A rescue boat managed to come alongside the crippled vessel. on/on board a/the- Afire broke out on board the vessel. 2 container for liquids • ADJ. drinking I empty It is a scientific fact that empty vessels make the most noise. I ritual, sacred ancient bronze ritual vessels I bronze, glass, pottery, silver, wooden • VERB + VESSEL fill • VESSEL + VERB contain sth qSeeBLOOD VESSEL vest noun • ADJ. sleeveless I string I thermal I running bullet-proof • PREP. in (your)- standing there in vest and shorts q Special page at CLOTHES vestige noun • ADJ. last, remaining The government has to remove any last vestiges of corruption. • VERB + VESTIGE lose, shed I dispel, remove, strip sb/sth of I preserve, retain I'm struggling to retain any vestige of belief in his innocence. I show Heshowed no ves- tige of remorsefor his crime. . • PREP. without a- He looked at her without a vestige of sympathy. I- of vet noun • ADJ. good I qualified I practising I country, local • VERB + VET call (out) I think we'll have to call the vet Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. vet out. I consult, go to, see, speak to/with, take sth to, talk to/with Wehad to take the dog to the local vet. • VET + VERB recommend sth C:>NoteatJOB vet verb • ADV carefully I fully, thoroughly • PREP. for All goods are carefully vetted for quality be- fore they leave thefactory: • PHRASES vetting procedure We are introducing new security vetting procedures. veteran noun 1 sb who has served in the army, navy, etc. • ADJ. war I army, navy I retired I disabled, wounded I Vietnam, World War Two, etc. • PREP. -ofaveteranofWorldWarTwo 2 sb with long experience of an activity, etc. • ADJ. seasoned He's the seasoned veteran, who has taken the children to the museum many times. I industry • VETERAN + NOUN campaigner, leader, politician • PREP. - of a veteran of numerous political campaigns veto noun • ADJ. effective, virtual I absolute I government, presi- dential • VERB + VETO have I cast, exercise, impose, use The board can exercise its veto toprevent the decision. I lift The agreement became possible when Spain lifted its veto. I override, overturn The Senate voted to override the president's veto. • VETO + NOUN power, rights • PREP. - against The nobles had a virtual veto against peasant candidates. - on The Opposition effectively have a veto on constitutional reform. - over a veto over all polit- ical appointments • PHRASES a power/right of veto veto verb • ADV. effectively The president effectively vetoed this measure. • VERB + VETO threaten to • PHRASES the power/right to veto sth viability noun • ADJ. continued, continuing, future, long-term She is very negative about the long-term viability of theproject. I commercial, economic, financial, political • VERB + VIABILITY assess, explore, investigate, test I prove Once the railways had proved their viability ex- pansion was rapid. I ensure I maintain, preserve, safe- guard measures to preserve the viability of small busi- nesses I improve I doubt, question The company has questioned the commercial viability of the mine. I threat- en, undermine viable adj. • VERBS be, prove, seem, sound None of the projects proved financially viable. I become I remain I make sth It is only their investment that makes the programme economically viable. I consider sth, regard sth as • ADV extremely, truly I perfectly a perfectly viable form of political organization I potentially I still I no longer I commercially, economically, financially vibrate verb • ADV. gently • VERB + VIBRATE seem to • PREP. through The thuds vibrated through the car. with The atmosphere seemed to vibrate with tension. 852 vibration noun • ADJ. high-frequency, low-frequency • VERB + VIBRATION cause, make, produce I damp- en, reduce I detect, feel Certain animals can feel vibra- tions in the sand. 0 Their instruments can detect the slight- est vibration. • VIBRATION + NOUN frequency I level • PREP. - from uibrationsfrom heavy traffic vice noun • ADJ. secret • VERB + VICE indulge (in) He used his inheritance to indulge his vices of drinking and gambling. vicinity noun • ADJ. close, immediate, near • PREP. in the - (of) There is no hospital in the immediate vicinity. vicious adj. • VERBS be, look, sound I become, get, turn The com- puter wars are going toget vicious over the next feu: years. • ADV. particularly, truly, very aparticularly vicious and brutal crime I increasingly I rather victim noun • ADJ. hapless, helpless, innocent, poor, unfortunate, unsuspecting, unwilling He defrauded his innocent vic- tims of millions of pounds. I easy Tourists are easy uic- tims for pickpockets. I passive I willing In his fantasies, women became passive and sometimes even willing vic- tims. I intended, potential The intended victims were se- lected because they seemed vulnerable. I child, elderly the child victims of the war I Aids, cancer, heart attack, plague, stroke I accident, bomb, crash, disaster, earth- quake, famine, flood The government is sending aid to flood victims. I kidnap, murder, rape I sacrificial I fashion She's afashion victim (= wears the newest fash- ions even if they do not suit her). • VERB + VICTIM portray sb as In his trial, he tried to portray himself as the victim of an uncaring society. I claim The train crash claimed its tenth victim yesterday when the driver died in hospital. I compensate a bill aimed at compensating victims of air pollution I blame The cut in benefits for the unemployed is a classic case of blaming the victim. • PREP. - of They were the victims of a cruel hoax. • PHRASES fall victim to sb/sth Unfortunately, she fell victim to an unscrupulous landlord. a victim of your/its own success The small firm became a victim of its own success when it could not supply all its orders on time. victor noun • ADJ. clear, runaway I worthy • VERB + VICTOR be, emerge (as) The team emerged as worthy victors. • PREP. - over The French pair fought back tofinish two sets toone victors over the Williams sisters. victorious adj. • VERBS be, emerge, prove Osborne emerged victorious after the second round of voting. • ADV eventually, ultimately Against all the odds, Fred- erick II was ultimately victorious. • PREP. in victorious in the election over The Reds were victorious over the Whites. victory noun • ADJ. famous, glorious, great, historic, impressive, notable, outstanding, remarkable, significant, superb I Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. clear, clear-cut, comfortable, convincing, crushing, easy, emphatic, handsome, landslide, massive, over- whelming, resounding, sweeping His party won a land- slide victory in the elections. I complete, comprehensive, outright, total I narrow I conclusive, decisive The army won the decisive victory that changed the course of the war. I dramatic, thrilling I shock, stunning, sur- prise, unexpected I crucial, vital I deserved, well- deserved I hollow, Pyrrhic I election, electoral, mili- tary, moral, political • VERB + VICTORY clinch, ensure, notch up, pull off, record, score, secure, snatch, win They would do tohat- ever lay in their power to ensure victory for themselves. 0 The Hungarians pulled off a surprise victory against the Italian champions. I taste The England cricket team has tasted victory for the first time this season. I end in I roar/romp/storm/sweep to Labour swept to victory in the 2001election. I hail sth as I hail Union leaders hailed the socialists' victory as a huge step forward. I celebrate I claim The outcome left both sides claiming victory. I gain sb, give sb I deny sb The Dutch champions were denied victory in a tough 2-2 draw at Porto. • VICTORY + NOUN celebration, parade I speech I dance, salute • PREP. - against a victory against Fascism -for The case was hailed as a victory for the common man. - over their resounding victory over England • PHRASES snatch victory from the jaws of defeat video noun 1 system of recording moving pictures and sound • ADJ. interactive • VIDEO + NOUN camera, equipment, machine, play- er, recorder, screen I clip, film, footage, image, picture, recording, replay, sequence The jury toatched uideo foot- age of the riots. I shoot The band are in Iceland doing a video shoot. I channel I can't find the video channel on this television. I game I conferencing I conference, presentation I link The speech was broadcast via a video link to thousands standing outside. I surveillance • PREP. on - Thefilm is already out on video. 2 tape/ cassette • ADJ. hour-long, ten-minute, etc. I blank I pre- recorded They sell both blank and pre-recorded videos. I amateur, home An amateur video of the crash failed to re- veal the cause. I educational, instructional They produce educational uideosfor learning languages. I music, pop, rock I corporate I promo, promotional I training I ex- ercise, fitness I porn/porno/pornographic, sex I po- lice, security • VERB + VIDEO make I manufacture, produce I re- lease The group's new video will be released next month. I capture sb/sth on, catch sb/sth on The thief was caught on video as hepocketed watches and rings. I rent (out) We rent videos out nearly every weekend. I watch The chil- dren can sitfor hours watching videos. I show (sb) Their teacher showed them a video about the Romans. I fast- forward, rewind • VIDEO + NOUN cassette I library, rental shop, shop I release a review of the latest video releases • PREP. -of a security video of the attack 3 (also video recorder) • VERB + VIDEO programme, set Did you remember to set the videofor 'Inspector Morse'? videotape noun • VERB + VIDEOTAPE make I copy (sth) onto, record (sth) onto Film can also be copied onto videotape. I screen The videotape of the attack caused outrage when it was screened on the news. • PREP. -ofa videotape of the demonstration 853 view view noun 1 opinion/idea about sth • ADJ. general, popular, prevailing, widely held The prevailing view is that he has done a good job in difficult circumstances. I conflicting, differing, divergent, op- posing, polarized The debate brings together experts with conflicting views. I clear, forthright, strong He's a doctor with clear views on how toprevent illness. I idealized, op- timistic, positive, romantic, rosy Her rosy view of life abroad seems rather naive. I jaundiced, negative, pes- simistic After his experience in jail, he has a pretty jaun- diced view of the penal system. I conventional The con- ventional view is that work is pleasant and rewarding. I unorthodox I minority I political I liberal, modern, progressive, radical I moderate I conservative, reac- tionary I extremist, hard-line I stereotyped, stereotyp- ical I informed I ill-informed, uninformed I world His world view revolves around a battle between rich and poor. • VERB + VIEW have, hold I takeItooktheviewthatan exception should be made in this case. I air, convey, ex- pound, express, make known, present, put forward The meeting gave everyone the chance to air their views. 0 She picked up the phone and made her views known to her boss. I discuss, exchange, share At the meeting, we hope people will exchange views freely. I canvass, solicit He called a meeting to solicit the views of his staff I reflect, represent His letter to the management did not reflect the views of his colleagues. I adhere to, agree with, endorse I confirm, support I challenge His music challenges the view that modern jazz is inaccessible. • PREP. in your - In my view it was a waste of time. I - about Teachers generally keep their views about politics hidden. - on Experts hold widely differing views on this subject. • PHRASES an exchange of views It's good tohave afull and frank exchange of views. a point of view From a teacher's point of view, activities that can be done with minimal preparation are invaluable. take a dim view of sth (= have apoor opinion of sth) My mother takes apretty dim view of my cooking skills. 2 ability to see/be seen from a particular place • ADJ. good, grandstand, wonderful I poor, terrible We had a poor view of the stagefrom where we were sitting. I clear, un impeded, uninterrupted, unobstructed I back, front, rear, side Thepicture shotos afront view of the car. I close, close-up I public Tensions within the band re- mained hidden from public view. I overall (figurative) The staff handbook gives an overall view of the company. • VERB + VIEW get, have The pillar prevented me get- ting a clear view of the action. I give sb The patio gave an unimpeded view across the headland to the sea. I block A woman in a very large hat was blocking my view of thepro- cession. I come into A large truck suddenly came into view. I disappear from They stood waving on the plat- form, until the train disappeared from view. I be hidden from • PREP. in - There was nobody in view. on - The carriage was put on uieuifor thepublic to see. • PHRASES infullview(ofsth)Hewasshotinfullviewof a large crowd. 3 scenery • ADJ. breathtaking, fine, lovely, magnificent, spec- tacular, splendid, stunning, superb, wonderful a room with a breathtaking view across the bay I commanding, panoramic I mountain, sea, etc. • VERB + VIEW afford, boast, enjoy, give, have Most rooms enjoy panoramic views of the sea. 0 The large win- dows givefine views of the surrounding countryside. I ad- mire, enjoy aplace to unwind and enjoy the view • PREP. - across/over a view over the valley - from the viewfrom his apartment - of • PHRASES a room with a view Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. view view verb • ADV favourably, positively I unfavourably I cau- tiously, suspiciously These results should be viewed cau- tiously. I differently I objectively Try io view the situ- ation objectively. I privately • VERB + VIEW tend to I try to • PREP. as This behaviour is not viewed as acceptable. from trying to view the situation from an American per- spective with They tend to viewforeigners with suspicion. • PHRASES generally/widely viewed as sth He is widely viewed as a possible prime minister. increasingly viewed assth, traditionally viewed as sth, a way of viewing sth viewer noun • ADJ. televisioniTV I armchair While fewer people are attending football matches, armchair viewers aregrowing in number. • VERB + VIEWER attract, pull (in) The evening news is tochange its serious image in a bid toattract more viewers. I be a hit with The new sitcom has been a smash hit with viewers. I inform, tell The announcer informed viewers that programmes would be running late. I entertain I outrage, shock a major new drama series that looks set to shock television viewers • VIEWER + VERB see sth, watch sth BBC viewers saw the prime minister lose his cool on last night's 'Question Time'. 0 It is estimated that four million viewers watched theprogramme. I switch (between) channels, switch off I phone in, write in Hundreds of vieuiers phoned in tocom- plain after the show. viewpoint noun • ADJ. alternative, contrasting, different, differing, op- posite The magazine likes to publish articles with alter- native viewpoints. I narrow I find his viewpoint on this matter very narrow. I extreme I personal I ideological, political I commercial I scientific • VERB + VIEWPOINT express, present, put forward I adopt, take He always takes the opposite viewpoint to the rest of the group. I share I understand her viewpoint, but do not share it. I support He quoted recent test results to support his viewpoint. I look at/see/view sth from Seen from the student's viewpoint, the oral exam can befright- ening. I see, understand • PREP. from the - of From the viewpoint of teachers, there has been a great increase in work. • PHRASES from a purely viewpoint From a purely commercial viewpoint, thefilm. was afailure. vigil noun 1when you stay awake to look after sb, etc. • ADJ. all-night, constant, round-the-clock, 24-hour Since the accident, the boy's parents have kept a constant vigil at his bedside. I bedside I lonely For three nights, the shepherd maintained his lonely vigil. • VERB + VIGIL keep, maintain He told the gatekeeper to keep vigil. • PREP. -over the husband's vigil over his dying wife 2 silent political protest; time of prayer • ADJ. candlelight/candlelit, night-time, nocturnal Pro- testers held a candlelit vigil against the war. I silent a si- lent vigil outside thepresidential palace I prayer • VERB + VIGIL hold, stage I attend • PREP. - for a uigilfor the murdered politician Vigilance noun • ADJ. constant, continued, eternal I extra, increased, special You should exercise extra vigilance about locking your car properly. • VERB + VIGILANCE exercise, maintain I relax The 854 birds cannot afford to relax their vigilance against preda- tors. I require • PREP. - against vigilance against shoplifters - on the part of sb Guaranteeing the safety of students requires continued vigilance on thepart of teachers. • PHRASES a need for vigilance vigilant adj. • VERBS be, keep, remain, stay I become • ADV especially, extra, extremely, particularly, very I constantly, ever The organization is ever vigilant for threats to the habitats of birds. • PREP. about Be extra vigilant about what you eat or drink. against You need to be vigilant against garden pests. vigorous adj. • VERBS be I become • ADV. extremely, very leading a very vigorous cam- paign to get the chairman removed I quite taking some quite vigorous exercise I enough, sufficiently • PREP. in The group is not vigorous enough in its oppos- ition to the proposals. vigour noun • ADJ. added, increased, increasing I fresh, new, renewed He returned to work with a sense of renewed vig- our after his holiday. I extraordinary, great, tremendous I youthful I creative, intellectual, physical • VERB + VIGOUR pursue/tackle sth with The govern- ment gave assurances that the enquiry would be pursued with vigour. • PREP. with- • PHRASES full of vigour She was a wonderful, bubbly girl,full of vigour. vim and vigour He set to his task with renewed vim and vigour. with equal vigour She attacked both political parties with equal vigour. villa noun • ADJ. grand, grandiose, handsome, imposing, luxuri- ous, luxury, magnificent, sumptuous I modest I coun- try, suburban I hilltop I private, rented I holiday, self- catering I four-bedroom, two-storey, etc. I Roman, Spanish, etc. • VERB + VILLA have, own I rent I live in, stay in • VILLA + NOUN holiday • PREP in a/the-staying in his Spanish holiday villa village noun • ADJ. big, large I global Technology has turned the world into a global village. I little, small, tiny I ancient, old I attractive, beautiful, picturesque, pretty I quiet I nearby, neighbouring, surrounding The flood affected the town and surrounding villages. I outlying, remote, scattered I country, rural I coastal, seaside I desert- ed I home, native She married a man from her home vil- lage. I agricultural, farming, fishing, holiday, mining • VILLAGE + NOUN community, life I church, green, hall, pub, school, shop, street I centre • PREP. in a/the- They live in afarming village. outside a/the - Our cottage isjust outside the village. • PHRASES the centre/middle of the village, the edge/outskirts of the village villain noun • ADJ. pantomime He wore a black cloak, like a panto- mime villain. • VERB + VILLAIN cast sb as She seems to have cast me as the villain in her latest emotional upheaval. I play He has played villains in most of his films. I catch, nail The police still haven't nailed the villain. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. • PHRASES the villain of the piece/story He changed his story to make his wife appear the villain of thepiece. vintage noun • ADJ. classic, fine, superb I rare • VINTAGE + NOUN champagne, claret, port, etc. viola noun e:> Special pageat MUSIC violate verb • ADV. flagrantly, shamelessly They haoeflagrantly vio- lated the treaty. I systematically I brutally The peace of the island community had been brutally violated. violation noun • ADJ. blatant, clear, flagrant The attack on civilians is a flagrant violation of the peace agreement. I grave, gross, major, massive, serious I wholesale, widespread I continued, repeated I human rights I traffic • VERB + VIOLATION commit The army was accused of committing violations against the accord. I be, constitute This action constitutes a violation ofinternationallaw. • PREP. in - of There isplenty of evidence that her actions were in violation of an earlier contract. I - against viola- lions against minimum wage agreements violence noun 1 behaviour that hurts other people physically • ADJ. considerable, great, excessive, extreme, large- scale, serious I fresh There arejears offresh. violence if the strike continues. I continuing, escalating, growing I gratuitous, unnecessary Letters poured in complaining about the gratuitous violence on the show. I mindless, random, uncontrolled I brutal I criminal, unlawful I endemic, institutionalized, widespread attempts to res- cue the country from endemic violence I sporadic In spite of sporadic violence, polling was largely orderly. I do- mestic, physical, sexual I drug-related, election- related, etc. I communal, ethnic, inter-communal, inter-ethnic, racial, sectarian I political, revolutionary, terrorist I left-wing, right-wing • QUANT. level • VERB + VIOLENCE commit, engage in, inflict, per- petrate, resort to, turn to, use people who inflict violence on animals <> violence perpetrated by the army c The peas- ants believed their only choice was to resort to violence. <> Under no circumstances should police use violence against protesters. I suffer She had suffered years of violence and abuse. I encourage, incite, provoke I denounce, de- plore, hate, reject I breed Hatred breeds violence. I spill over into The enthusiasm of the protest spilled over into violence. I contain UNpeacekeepers are struggling to con- tain the escalating violence. I end, quell Troops were called in to quell the violence. I be capable of We are all capable of violence in certain circumstances. • VIOLENCE + VERB break out, erupt, flare, occur Vio- lence erupted outside the prison last night. I mar sth The demonstration was marred by violence. I escalate, inten- sify, worsen Observers have warned that the violence could escalate intofull-scale armed conflict. I spread • PREP. - against violence against police officers - among violence among football supporters - between violence be- tween rival ethnic groups - towards violence towards eth- nic minorities -within violence within thefamily • PHRASES an act of violence Any act of violence against another player must bepunished. an end to vio- lence The former leader of the terrorist group has called for an end to the violence. an eruption/outbreak of vio- lence The police are bracing themselvesfor an outbreak of violence. fear of violence, a life of violence It was apre- 855 visa dictable death for a man who had lived a life of violence. men of violence the men of violence who start wars an outburst of violence He had a short temper and was prone to outbursts of violence. a threat of violence, an up- surge in violence, a victim of violence a refuge for vic- tims of domestic violence violence begets/breeds vio- lence We have to make people realize that violence only begets more violence. a wave of violence 2 physical/emotional force • ADJ. suppressed • PREP with (a)- He kissed her with suppressed violence. violent adj. 1 using physical strength intended to hurt/kill • VERBS be I become, get, grow, turn • ADV. exceptionally, extremely, particularly, really, terribly, very I increasingly I almost I a bit, fairly, pretty, quite, rather She started to get a bit violent. I gra- tuitously The film is contrived, sentimental and gratuit- ously violent. I potentially dealing with potentially uio- lentincidents I physically, sexually • PREP. to, towards He was violent towards his wife on several occasions. 2 very strong • VERBS be I become • ADV exceptionally, extremely, very an exceptionally violent storm' I almostHefelt a strong, almost violent, dis- likefor the stranger. I fairly, quite violin noun • ADJ. muted • VERB + VIOLIN tune (up) • VIOLIN + NOUN bow, string I family The cello is a member of the uiolinfamily: e:> Special pageat MUSIC virginity noun • VERB + VIRGINITY lose virtue noun • ADJ. cardinal, great, special I chief I inherent There is no inherent virtue in having read all the latest books. I negative, positive She has just one, negative virtue-she never tells lies. <> The brochure makes a positive virtue of the island's isolated position. I old-fashioned, traditional He understands the traditional virtue of hard work. I Christian, ethical, moral I domestic I civic, public I political I easy women of easy virtue (= with low stand- ards of sexual morality) • VERB + VIRTUE have Her book has the cardinal virtue of simplicity. I emphasize, extol, preach He never stops extolling the virtues of thefree market. • PHRASES make a virtue of necessity (= to manage to gain an advantage from sth you have to do and cannot avoid), a paragon of virtue It would have taken aparagon of virtue not tofeel jealous. virus noun • ADJ. deadly I virulent I Aids, flu, hepatitis, herpes, HIV, measles, etc. I computer • VERB + VIRUS be infected with, contract, develop I carry I pass (on), spread, transmit An infected person canpass the virus toothers. I isolate I inactivate • VIRUS + VERB attack sb/sth The virus attacks a var- iety of cells in the body. I replicate • VIRUS + NOUN infection I vaccine visa noun • ADJ. entry, exit, transit I student, tourist, travel • VERB + VISA get, obtain I obtained a visa after hours Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. [...]... across your- A bird shot across her vision • PHRASES your field of vision She was aware of shapes moving across her field of vision your line of vision Someone was standing in my line of vision so I couldn't see the screen • PREP engineers had a clear vision of what they wanted to achieve I common They share a common vision for the development of health services I strategic I political I revolutionary I... outlined his vision for the new economic order I impose The new leader set about imposing his vision on the party I share I cloud He was • VERB + VISION determined not to let emotions cloud his vision of- astatesmanofgreatvision I -tor aotsiontor thefuture - of an alternative vision of society • PHRASES breadth of vision His plans for the country's future show a remarkable breadth of vision • PREP visit... An army of volunteers cooked meals for the children • VERB + VOLUNTEER appeal for, ask for, call for, look for The charity is appealing for volunteers to take elderly patients to and from hospital I find, get, recruit We can't get any volunteers to help in the gardens I provide The local community provided volunteers to repair the road I encourage I need, want I work as • VOLUNTEER + VERB come forward... voted in taoour of the plan into the government that has just been voted into power off She was voted off the committee on/upon Parliament is to vote on tobacco advertising tomorrow onto, out of He was voted out of office (by) to They voted 15to 2 to accept the offer with Her party voted with the government • PHRASES the right to vote Everyone over 18 has the right to vote a round of voting She was... direct vote I -against, -r for a cote for the government-in favour (of sth), -on a vote on the new law • PHRASES a vote of confidence/no confidence The government received a massive vote of confidence front the electorate a vote of thanks A special vote of thanks went to the organizer, Tim Woodhouse q Special page at MEETING voter noun eligible, registered Only a quarter of registered voters actually... last • ADJ week, and we'll pay them a return visit in the autumn I surprise, unannounced, unexpected I unwelcome I casual I formal, ministerial, official, presidential, royal, state I high-profile I trade I private, unofficial I foreign, overseas I personal Following her letter of complaint, she received a personal visit from the store manager I domiciliary, home You should receive a home visit from... • VOLUNTEER + VERB come forward Hundreds of volunteers have come forward to offer their help I man sth, staff sth I carry sth out I provide support, support sb The support our volunteers provide cannot be measured in purely practical terms • VOLUNTEER + NOUN staff, worker I carer, driver, helper -for He worked as a volunteer for Oxfam • PREP 2 in the armed forces • ADJ • VERB army, civilian + VOLUNTEER... the scheme I formally The proposals were formally voted upon I tactically I down, in, out The proposal was voted down • VERB + VOTE be eligible to, be entitled to young people who are eligible to ootefor thejirst time I intend to • PREP against They voted overwhelmingly against the proposal for They all voted for the new tax in She returned home in order to vote in the elections in favour of The committee... ADJ current I temporary • VERB + VOGUE enjoy Cycling enjoyed a vogue at the end of the nineteenth century I come (back) into SCooters have recently come back into vogue • VOGUE + NOUN word • PREP in - the type of pop song in vogue at that time out of - Disaster movies are currently out of vogue I - for the current ooguefor Japanesefood voice noun 1 sounds you make when speaking or singing • ADJ beautiful,... any time volley noun 1 of stones, bullets, etc • VERB + VOLLEY fire, unleash Thepolicejired a volley of bullets over the heads of the crowd • PREP -of 2 in sport • ADJ backhand, cross-court, forehand (in tennis) I left-foot, right-foot (in football) I stunning, superb Wil- liams took the set with a stunning backhand volley down the line I 30-yard, etc • VERB + VOLLEY hit She hit a forehand volley into . her talents. - of The Students& apos; Union is the main vehicle of communi- cation for students in the college. veil noun 1 piece of material for covering. team An army of volunteers cooked meals for the children. • VERB + VOLUNTEER appeal for, ask for, call for, look for The charity is appealing for volunteers