MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND FOREIGN LANGUAGES  ESSAY ARTICULATORS Instructor: Student: Student code: Class: Subject: ENGLISH PHONETICS and PHONOLOGY School year: HK2 (2020-2021) Ho Chi Minh City, May 26th, 2021 SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES and FOREIGN LANGUAGES Academic Year: 2020- 2021 FINAL TEST Student’s name: Student’s code: Class: SCORE IN FIGURES SCORE IN WORDS EXAMINER EXAMINER Write an essay with at least 300 words expressing your understanding about topics: What are the Articulators? Essay: All the sounds we make when we speak are the result of muscles contracting The muscles in the chest that we use for breathing produce the flow of air that is needed for almost all speech sounds; muscles in the larynx produce many different modifications in the flow of air from the chest to the mouth After passing through the larynx, the air goes through what we call the vocal tract, which ends at the mouth and nostrils Here the air from the lungs escapes into the atmosphere We have a large and complex set of muscles that can produce changes in the shape of the vocal tract, and to learn how the sounds of speech are produced it is necessary to become familiar with the different parts of the vocal tract These different parts are called articulators, and the study of them is called articulatory phonetics Articulators can be divided into two types: The active articulator is the articulator that moves towards another articulator in the production of a speech sound This articulator moves towards another articulator to form a closure of some type in the vocal tract, such as the tongue The passive articulator is the articulator that remains stationary in the production of a speech sound Often, this is the destination that the active articulator moves towards, such as the teeth, the hard palate and the alveolar ridge Articulators above the larynx: The pharynx is a tube that connects the larynx to the oral cavity It is divided into two: one part being the back of the oral cavity and the other being the beginning of the way through the nasal cavity The soft palate (velum) is a position that allows air to pass through the nose and the mouth This can be touched by the tongue => velar consonants (k, g) The hard palate is often called the "roof of the mouth" You can feel its smooth curved surface with your tongue With the tongue close to hard palate => palatal (j in "Yes") The alveolar ridge is between the top front teeth and the hard palate With the tongue touching alveolar ridge => alveolar (t, d, n) The tongue: It can be moved to different places and different shapes Subdivisions of the tongue: tip, blade, front, back and root Fig Sub-divisions of the tongue The teeth (upper and lower): Sounds made with the tongue touching the front teeth, such as English θ, ð, are called dental The lips are important in speech Lips in contact with each other => bilabial (p, b) and Lip-to-teeth contact => labiodental (f, v) The seven articulators described above are the main ones used in speech, but there are three other things to remember Firstly, the larynx could also be described as an articulator - a very complex and independent one Secondly, the jaws are sometimes called articulators; certainly, we move the lower jaw a lot in speaking But the jaws are not articulators in the same way as the others, because they cannot themselves make contact with other articulators Finally, although there is practically nothing that we can with the nose and the nasal cavity, they are a very important part of our equipment for making sounds (what is sometimes called our vocal apparatus), particularly nasal consonants such as m, n THE END ... dental The lips are important in speech Lips in contact with each other => bilabial (p, b) and Lip-to-teeth contact => labiodental (f, v) The seven articulators described above are the main ones... places and different shapes Subdivisions of the tongue: tip, blade, front, back and root Fig Sub-divisions of the tongue The teeth (upper and lower): Sounds made with the tongue touching the front...SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES and FOREIGN LANGUAGES Academic Year: 202 0- 2021 FINAL TEST Student’s name: Student’s code: Class: SCORE IN FIGURES SCORE IN WORDS EXAMINER