Transcripts 667 P ractice T est --- L istening 01 Campus Life M: We don’t have nearly enough things to do for fun on campus. Why can’t we have more plays and art fairs and dances? W: You’re right. But did you know about the new student activity fee? M: So what! What’s the good of it? W: Well, it means a lot more money for things like that. M: You don’t think our drama club will really get any of the money, do you? W: Well, it could. M: What do you mean? W: Well, I was looking at the university web site. They’re giving $500 to each registered student organization. So, if it’s not already, we should get our drama club registered. Then, we can ask for $3,500 more after that! We just have to come up with a special program. M: Wow! Let’s do it! What is the web site again? W: It’s the Ohio Union Activities Board. In fact, they’re looking for student organizations right now. M: Really! How come they have so much money? W: Well, every new student at our university pays $15 into the fund. It starts this year. That wouldn’t be very much money for another couple of years, so our university president is putting in a bunch more money. It’s coming from other programs at the university. M: Oh, I get it. So we can do some cool stuff with our drama club! Remember that idea we had to do Shakespeare plays in present day settings? W: Yes, of course! That’s why I was looking on the website! M: Good thinking, Sandy! How do we officially register our club? W: There’s a form we fill out on the web site. 02 Art M: Embroidery is today’s topic. EM-BROY-DUH-REE. What is it? Embroidery is needlework in which designs and pictures are created by stitching strands of some material onto a layer of another material. Most embroidery uses strands of thread or wool, but embroidery could use different materials, such as wire or leather strands. Embroidery designs are usually stitched into a woven fabric, such as blankets or carpets, but designs can be embroidered onto many materials, including leather, felt, and plastic. Embroidery has traditionally been used to decorate clothing and household furnishings such as tablecloths, towels and bedding. But you can embroider anything as long as it is made from an evenly woven fabric and can be held firmly in the hand or in a special embroidery hoop. Embroidery has also been used as an art form and for decoration. One of the most famous embroidered artworks is called the Bayeux Tapestry --- B-A-Y-E-U-X. It was made in England in the year 1077. This tapestry is like a huge blanket. It’s 70 meters long and 0.5 meters wide. It has 58 scenes that tell the story of the events leading to the Battle of Hastings in 1066. In the Battle of Hastings, you’ll recall, French soldiers from the region of Normandy defeated the English army under King Harold. The Bayeux Tapestry used wool that had been colored with vegetable dyes. The colors of mustard yellow, olive-green, dark brown and off-white can be found in cloth traditionally woven in the region. Another famous embroidered artwork is the Bradford Carpet. It was made in England in the late 17th Century. The Bradford Carpet covers an entire wall, but it was originally made not as a carpet, but as a table covering. It was stitched on a canvas --- like a painting --- and uses silk thread. We call this style Elizabethan embroidery, in honor of Queen Elizabeth. The carpet shows countryside life in a simple, realistic way. There are many different embroidery styles and stitching techniques. Unfortunately, machines embroider most of our clothing today. Hand embroidery has become more of a hobby than a regular occupation. 03 Health W: We are always sweating, even when we don’t notice it. It’s the major way that our bodies get rid of extra heat. Body heat comes from moving or from taking in food. We sweat different amounts at different times. When the weather is hot or if we move a lot, we sweat more. When we have very strong feelings, we might sweat more, too. Inside our bodies are small things called glands. These glands get water and other materials from our blood. They use it to make sweat. We know that sweat is mainly water because it feels wet. It has salt and some other materials in it, too. We all know the salty taste of sweat. Now, look at the picture of a sweat gland. The bottom part is coiled. It goes around in circles. Then, it has a straight part. The glands bring in sweat in the coiled part. Then, it moves from the coiled part up to the straight part. There, if it’s not needed to keep us cool, it can be taken back in again. So, not much sweat reaches our skin when it’s cool, and that’s a good thing, too! Can you see yourself in the winter, putting on heavy clothing to keep warm? But there you are, sweating. It would be very hard to get warm! Now, when it’s hot or we are exercising --- well, that’s another story. The glands make a lot more sweat. So, they can’t take as much of it back in again. A lot more comes out onto our skin. Of course, this is very good for us. As it dries, it helps us stay cool. Can you see yourself at the gym working out --- lifting weights maybe? How would you feel if you didn’t sweat at all? People who live in cold places only sweat about one liter per hour, but if they move to a hot place, their bodies change. In about six weeks, they’ll sweat as much as two to three liters per hour. That seems to be the most that people can sweat. 04 Biology M 1 : Look closely at this picture. Is it a mouse or a rat? W: It’s a mouse. M 2 : Rat! M 1 : How about this one? W: Rat! M 2 : Mouse! M 1 : Ah! It’s hard to tell, isn’t it? The terms “mouse” and “rat” are not scientific classifications. They’re words common people use to distinguish these two rodents. We use “rat” to describe medium- or large-sized rodents with long, thin tails. There are many different kinds of rats: kangaroo rats, cotton rats, Norway rats, black rats, pack rats, etc. We use “mouse” to describe tiny rodents with long, thin tails. There are many different kinds of mice: house mice, field mice, deer mice, etc. Some of these different rodent species that we call rats and mice are closely related, but other rodent species are not related to each other at all! 668 Transcripts Usually, when people refer to rats and mice they mean pet rats and mice and pest rats and mice. This means Norway rats and house mice. Norway rats and house mice belong to different species. A species is a group of related individuals that can mate and have babies. Humans and horses, for example, belong to different species. Even though Norway rats and house rats are different species, they are related to each other. They both come from a common ancestor that lived millions of years ago. The descendants of that ancestor evolved into different species. So, how can we tell Norway rats and house mice apart? First off, adult house mice are much smaller than adult Norway rats. A house mouse weighs about 30 grams. Its body and tail are both about three to four inches long. A Norway rat weighs between 350 and 450 grams for females, and 450 to 650 grams for males. Their bodies are 9 to 11 inches long, and their tails are seven to nine inches long. The heads of Norway rats are heavy and chunky. The heads of house mice are triangular, with pointed muzzles. Note, though, that Norway rats have smaller ears relative to their heads than house mice. Now, what’s this? Class (in unison): Mouse! M 1 : And this? Class (unison): Rat! P ractice T est --- S peaking Question 3 M: Wow, that’s great news. I really don’t want to go further into debt with more student loans for next year. W: I don’t know. I don’t like this kind of scholarship. M: Why not? You’re an excellent student, Mary. I think you will get one. W: Didn’t you hear? They’re not awarding them based on academic performance. They’re awarding them based on financial need. M: So? All university students are in financial need. W: True, but they award this kind of scholarship based on the income of the student’s parents, not on the grades earned by the student. M: I see. What do your parents do? W: Well, my dad is just an editor, but my mom is a fairly successful dentist. I don’t stand a chance. M: Really? That’s a pity. W: Not only does this kind of scholarship discriminate against students with wealthy parents, but it rewards lazy students who don’t work as hard. I think these scholarships should be based on merit, not financial need. M: I see your point, but someone has to reward lazy students like me. Question 4 W: Good morning, class. Um, today we will be talking about the Vikings and their drakkar, or longships. I’m sure most of you know these ships were used over a millennium ago so the Vikings could raid lands and steal riches, but what else do you know about them? Most people think these ships were only used to um, travel the seas. This isn’t true. In fact, the drakkar ships could travel along rivers that were only one meter deep. Can you imagine living in a small village by a river and one of those massive ships suddenly appearing in front of you with two hundred Viking warriors? Pretty scary, huh? Drakkar ships were usually owned by a nobleman because no one else could afford to build one. The regular ships were um, usually about 28 meters in length and had uh, about twenty or thirty oarsmen. However, much larger ones have been found. The biggest one ever uncovered was actually over seventy meters long and was probably owned by a king. Question 5 W: Hey, Paul, how are you? M: Pretty good. I’m a little worried about the exams we have soon. How about you? W: Oh, I’m a bit stressed, to be honest. M: Really? Are you worried about your exams? W: Well, it’s because of my part-time job. My boss wants me to work in the restaurant four weeknights each week. I just don’t have the time, especially with the exams coming up. I don’t know what to do. I need that job to buy books and meals. M: Yeah, that sounds like a problem. Hmmm, I know. Why don’t you ask your boss if you can work on the weekend instead. That way you can study each night during the week and keep your job at the restaurant. W: Yeah, that’s a good idea, but I play a lot of sports on the weekend and hang out with my friends. It’s when I like to relax. M: I see. Well, why don’t you explain to your boss that you have these exams coming up soon? Maybe you can just work two weeknights. That way you have your weekend free, and you still have your job. W: Yeah, that’s a great idea. Thanks! I’ll say that to him tonight. Question 6 M: Today, we’re continuing our series of lectures on the seven wonders of the ancient world with an examination of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. As described by Greek historians, these gardens were built by King Nebuchadnezzar for his wife, who came from a land far from Mesopotamia. Now, from what we’ve studied about the marriages of nobles, who can tell me why Nebuchadnezzar might marry a woman from far away? W: To help Babylon? Like to make powerful friends or trade partners with another area. M: Very good, Miss Andrews. That’s exactly right. So, one reason he had these gardens built was to keep his wife happy and help maintain Babylon’s strong relationship with her homeland. Can anyone think of another reason he might build a great green garden in the middle of the hot dry Middle East? W: To impress and attract people from other cities? Like tourism? M: That’s a good thought. I doubt it was for tourism, but I think it was to impress and attract others. Like the giant cathedrals built by Christians in Europe, these gardens were a show of power-- a show of wealth that advertised the Babylon way was the right, or at least, the powerful way. Indeed, the advertising might have carried over to the historians who reported the gardens. Early reports described the gardens as 400 feet by 400 feet and as tall as 320 feet. In the late 19 th century, however, archaeologists excavated Babylon and found the base of the garden building to be only 100 by 150 feet. Transcripts 669 P ractice T est --- W riting M: OK, today’s topic is acupuncture. Do you all know what that is? W: Yeah, it’s when they stick needles in your body. M: Correct. Doctors vibrate the needles, and this relieves pain and promotes healing. China has used acupuncture for over 2,000 years, but it wasn’t well known in America until 1971, when a reporter for the New York Times wrote about how it helped him recover from surgery. Today, acupuncture has become a popular trend. People are trying it to cure everything from toothaches to cancer. My uncle used it last year for his arthritis. He swears it’s the greatest thing since sliced bread. Well .maybe it is, but in truth, we don’t know exactly how acupuncture works or why it’s effective. We also don’t know much about the risks involved in acupuncture treatment. Some studies have shown that acupuncture is safe --- If it’s performed by well-trained people. Hmm. What if it’s not? In a Norwegian survey of 197 acupuncturists, there were 132 cases of fainting, eight cases of punctured lungs, and 26 cases where pain actually increased after treatment. If acupuncture is performed improperly, it can cause many different problems, including nerve damage, infections, and hepatitis B. Acupuncturists are usually not medical doctors. Can we trust their diagnoses? The National Council Against Health Fraud doesn’t think so. It warns us that acupuncture is a quote-unquote “unproven”treatment based on quote-unquote “primitive”ideas. If you want to try it, the Council suggests you should talk with your family doctor first. Beginning READING Building Skills for the TOEFL ® iBT ANSWER KEY Reading Section / Listening Section / Speaking Section / Writing Section Reading Chapter 1 672 Answer Key Skill A 01 Australia 1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (C) 4. The passage says that 70% live in cities near the coast; this leaves 30% of the population. 02 Classical Music 1. (C) 2. (C) 3. (B) 4. A group of four musicians in the classical period would most likely play chamber music. 03 Chemical Equations 1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (A) 4. will vary 04 Wilderness First Aid 1. (C) 2. (B) 3. (D) 4. something for cuts, medicine for bites/pain, a first aid book 05 Pottery 1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (C) 4. Grind it into fine powder; Let it dry Skill B 01 Baseball 1. (C) 2. (A) 3. (A) 4. How baseball is different from most sports 02 Biographies 1. (B) 2. (B) 3. (A) 4. will vary 03Geology 1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (B) 4. Geology is a young branch of science. 04 Milk 1. (B) 2. (D) 3. (B) 4. (B) How and when milk became an important food for people. 05 Exposure 1. (C) 2. (B) 3. (D) 4. (A) Why? B only states the topic of the second paragraph, while A combines the topics of both paragraphs. Skill C 01 Learning Vocabulary 1. (A) 2. (D) 3. (C) 4. (B) Why? The word “transportation” is used as an example of how to use word parts to increase vocabulary; increasing vocabulary is the main idea of the reading. 02Polar Regions 1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (D) 4. (A) Why? Sentence A expresses the main idea of the paragraph, while sentence B only expresses one detail. 03 The United Nations 1. (B) 2. (B) 3. (D) 4. The pronouns “him” and “her” give the clue. It should come after mentioning the secretary. 04Television 1. (C) 2. (B) 3. (C) 4. (A) Why? Choice A is best because it deals with information already introduced in the reading; choice B would disrupt the coherence of the reading by introducing a new idea, the Internet. 05 Sunlight 1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (B) 4. (A) Why? Choice A could be removed because it does not give us information about the parts of sunlight, which is the main topic of the reading. Choice B does give information about one part of sunlight. Answer Key 673 Review A-C Vocabulary Review 1. (D) 2. (B) 3. (A) 4. (A) 5. (D) 6. (C) 7. (A) 8. (D) 9. (A) 10. (C) 11. (B) 12. (B) 13. (D) 14. (A) 15. (C) 16. real 17. centuries 18. modern 19. diary 20. survive 21. out 22. up 23. up 24. in 25. out Skill Review 01 Pueblo Silver Works 1. (C) 2. (C) 3. (B) 4. (D) 5. (C) 6. (B) 02 Oaks 1. (C) 2. (B) 3. (A) 4. (B) 5. (A) 6. (B) Skill D 01Oral Reports 1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (B) 4. others = (not important) points, it = the report, them = a small group of friends, their = the friends’ 02 Air Movement 1. (B) 2. (B) 3. (D) 4. Air is heated when it touches the warm earth. 03Territories 1. (C) 2. (C) 3. (A) 4. they = people living in territories 04Ten-Speed Bikes 1. (D) 2. (D) 3. (C) 4. one = a control, you = riders/someone, it = the bike 05 Dogs 1. (B) 2. (B) 3. (B) 4. they = people; them = dogs; they = people; They = people; they = dogs; They = people; They = people; them = dogs Skill E 01 Rome 1. (B) 2. (B) 3. (A) 4. legend, myth, true or not, know 02 Guitars 1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (D) 4. will vary 03 Scientific Method 1. (A) 2. (A) 3. (C) 4. educated guess, learned, past experience 04 Humidity 1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (D) 4. During the night because the air becomes cooler at night and can’t hold as much humidity. 05 Flamenco 1. (A) 2. (C) 3. (D) 4. major, intense, passionate, deep emotions, express, enjoy Skill F 01 Literature 1. (A), (C), (E) 2. (D) 3. (A) 4. sentences 1, 3, 4, and 7 02Vitamins 1. Vitamin A --- (B), (C); Vitamin D --- (D), (E) 2. (B) 3. (C) 4. sentences 8 and 11 ▼ 674 Answer Key 03Crime 1. Felony --- (B), (C), (F); Misdemeanor --- (A), (D), (E) 2. (C) 3. (C) 4. fine 04Geology 1. Physical --- (B) Oceanography --- (E) Historical --- (D) Economic --- (F) 2. (A) 3. (C) 4. paragraph 1, sentences 3 and 5; paragraph 2, sentences 3 and 4 05 Hide Preparation 1. (C), (D), (E) 2. (A) 3. (B) 4. will vary Review A-F Vocabulary Review 1. (C) 2. (A) 3. (B) 4. (B) 5. (C) 6. (A) 7. (D) 8. (B) 9. (A) 10. (A) 11. (C) 12. (D) 13. (C) 14. (C) 15. (B) 16. major 17. intense 18. emotion 19. express 20. ancient 21. (S) 22. (O) 23. (S) 24. (S) 25. (O) Skill Review 01Fiction 1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (A) 4. (D) 5. (C) 6. (B) 7. (D) 8. (C) 9. (D) 10. (A), (C), (F) 02 Machines 1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (D) 4. (D) 5. (B) 6. (D) 7. (D) 8. (B) 9. (C) 10. Levers --- (A), (B), (F), (I); Inclined planes --- (C), (D), (G) Answer Key 675 Skill A 01 Soccer 1. (C) 2. (C) 3. (D) 4. (D) 5. (B) 6. (A), (E), (F) 02 Rain 1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (B) 4. (A) 5. (B) 6. Method 1 --- (B), (D), (E); Method 2 --- (C), (F), (H) 03 Herbs and Spices 1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (A) 4. (C) 5. (C) 6. (D) Skill B 01 The Earth 1. (A) 2. (A) 3. (B) 4. (C) 5. (D) 6. (D) 02 Scientific Notation 1. (A) 2. (C) 3. (A) 4. (C) 5. (C) 6. Scientific Notation --- (C), (E), (F); Floating Point Notation --- (A), (B), (G) 03 Elizabethan Theater 1. (D) 2. (B) 3. (C) 4. (C) 5. (C) 6. (B), (C), (E) Skill C 01Breathing 1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (A) 4. (C) 5. (A) 6. (A), (B), (E) 02 Clouds 1. (D) 2. (C) 3. (A) 4. (B) 5. (C) 6. Cumulus --- (E), (C); Stratus --- (B), (D); Cirrus --- (F), (H) 03Space Bodies 1. (D) 2. (D) 3. (C) 4. (C) 5. (B) 6. (C), (D), (E) Review A-C Vocabulary Review 1. (B) 2. (D) 3. (B) 4. (C) 5. (B) 6. (A) 7. (C) 8. (B) 9. (A) 10. (C) 11. (A) 12. (C) 13. (D) 14. (A) 15. (A) 16. (C) 17. (B) 18. (D) 19. (A) 20. (D) 21. (B) 22. (B) 23. (C) 24. (A) 25. (A) 26. (C) 27. (B) 28. (B) 29. (A) 30. (C) 31. among 32. base 33. altitude 34. distance 35. goal 36. breathe 37. towers 38. frozen 39. period 40. after a while 41. absorb 42. shallow 43. opponent 44. satellite 45. equation 46. (O) 47. (S) 48. (O) 49. (S) 50. (O) Skill Review 01 Map Legends 1. (D) 2. (C) 3. (B) 4. (C) 5. (C) 6. (D) 7. (B) 8. (D) 9. (C) 10. (B), (D), (F) Chapter 2 676 Answer Key 02 Comets, Asteroids, and Meteors 1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (D) 4. (C) 5. (A) 6. (A) 7. (D) 8. (A) 9. (D) 10. Comets --- (E); Asteroids --- (A), (G); Meteors --- (D), (F) Skill D 01History Makers 1. (A) 2. (D) 3. (C) 4. (B) 5. (C) 6. (A) 02 Poetry 1. (C) 2. (A) 3. (C) 4. (A) 5. (D) 6. Lyric --- (F), (G), (I); Narrative --- (B), (H); Dramatic --- (A), (E) 03Tides 1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (A) 4. (D) 5. (A) 6. (B), (E), (F) Skill E 01Tennis 1. (A) 2. (C) 3. (A) 4. (A) 5. (B) 6. (B), (D), (E) 02 Glaciers 1. (C) 2. (B) 3. (B) 4. (C) 5. (A) 6. (C) 03Vikings 1. (C) 2. (B) 3. (C) 4. (D) 5. (C) 6. Work --- (B), (F), (G); Celebration --- (A), (D) Skill F 01 Evaluating Sources 1. (D) 2. (C) 3. (A) 4. (C) 5. (A) 6. Primary --- (B), (C); Secondary --- (A), (F) 02 Succession 1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (C) 4. (C) 5. (C) 6. (B), (C), (E) 03 The Renaissance 1. (A) 2. (C) 3. (B) 4. (A) 5. (A) 6. (B), (E), (F) Review A-F Vocabulary Review 1. (B) 2. (B) 3. (B) 4. (C) 5. (A) 6. (C) 7. (B) 8. (B) 9. (A) 10. (D) 11. (C) 12. (B) 13. (A) 14. (D) 15. (D) 16. (B) 17. (C) 18. (A) 19. (D) 20. (B) 21. (D) 22. (A) 23. (C) 24. (B) 25. (B) 26. (D) 27. (A) 28. (B) 29. (D) 30. (A) 31. event 32. planet 33. take part 34. contests 35. talent 36. victory 37. predominantly 38. rackets 39. loft 40. smash 41. stringed 42. series 43. conjunction 44. reform 45. course 46. (D) 47. (E) 48. (B) 49. (A) 50. (C) Answer Key 677 Skill Review 01Wild Pigs 1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (C) 4. (A) 5. (C) 6. (D) 7. (D) 8. (A) 9. (D) 10. (B) 11. (B) 12. (E), (A), (F) 02 Constellations 1. (A) 2. (D) 3. (B) 4. (D) 5. (D) 6. (B) 7. (B) 8. (A) 9. (C) 10. (C) 11. (D) 12. (C), (D), (A) . rackets 39. loft 40 . smash 41 . stringed 42 . series 43 . conjunction 44 . reform 45 . course 46 . (D) 47 . (E) 48 . (B) 49 . (A) 50. (C) Answer Key 677 Skill Review. frozen 39. period 40 . after a while 41 . absorb 42 . shallow 43 . opponent 44 . satellite 45 . equation 46 . (O) 47 . (S) 48 . (O) 49 . (S) 50. (O) Skill Review 01