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(liter) 0ı C 1:01 (standard state) (ideal gas) 1023 =mol NA D 6:02 (Faraday constant) F D 9:65 104 C/mol H 1.0 C 12 S 32 Cl 35.5 (group) (period) 22.4 L/mol 103 Pa L=(K mol) (Avogadro constant) (atomic weight) H 105 Pa (D 1:00 atm) (molar volume) R D 8:31 (gas constant) L N 14 O 16 (periodic table) Na 23 Mn2+ (II) mass number) (II) 55 23 (electron) (neutron) 23 25 (atom) 30 32 (ion) 55 (electron configuration) Cl– Na+ H+ He Ne Mg2+ Cl– Br– (a) Na+ Ca2+ (e) (a) (normal temperature and pressure) (b) (main group element) 18 (group 18) (electronegativity) (c) (transition element) (d) 18 ( (third to seventh period) noble gas) (e) (nonmetallic element) a b a d b c b d c e d e NaCl I2 (a) (e) (a) (distillation) (b) (sublimation) (c) (recrystallization) (d) (extraction) (e) (fractional distillation) a b a e b c b d c d d e 1g (oxygen) (nitrogen) (chlorine) (nitrogen monoxide) (carbon dioxide) 0:1 mol=L curve) A NaOHaq (indicator) B 10 mL (titration) A 0:1 mol=L pH (titration B A B CH3COOH (phenolphthalein) CH3COOH (Methyl Orange) HCl HCl H2SO4 H2SO4 O (chemicalreaction) (oxidation number) KClO3 O2 KCl + O2 O3 H2 O + H S Na2O + HCl S + H 2O NaCl + H2O (reversible reaction)(i) (reaction path)A (energy) B (catalyst) H2 ( ) + I ( ) (i) (forward reaction) A (i) (reverse reaction) B (i) A (i) (activation energy) 58kJ/mol (heat of reaction) A HI HI( ) B (equilibrium constant) (i) B (equilibrium) HI (i) 183kJ/mol NaClaq 2mol/L 3V (a) (voltage) U (U-tube) (graphite electrode) C (electrolysis) (d) (a) (anode) (b) U (pure water) (potassium iodide-starch paper) (c) U (d) (white precipitate) U drop) a b (phenolphthalein) (add drop by b c c d (cathode) a c a d b d 10 20ı C 105 Pa 1:0 ı (oxygen) (dissolve) 20 C 5:0 10 Pa 1:0 L 1:4 10 2:0 L mol L 10 L 0.031 0.063 0.16 0.31 0.63 11 11 (II) FeS dil.H2SO4 (IV) MnO2 conc.HCl Cu (reducing property) (oxidizing property) Ca dil.HNO3 (brown) conc.H2SO4 CaCO3 (bleaching property) dil.HCl (weak acidity) (halogen) X (X=F Cl Br I) 12 12 X2 X2 (oxidizing power) HX (molecular weight) HCl HF (plastic) HClO (oxidizing property) AgF 13 F2 (boiling point) 14 (group 14element) 13 C (covalent crystal) Si Sn Pb (allotrope) (quartz sand) (reduction) (semiconductor) (acid) (base) dil.H2SO4 (normal temperature) (radiation) (shielding material) H2 (a) 14 Al (e) Fe 14 (a) (transition element) (b) (c) (trivalent) HClaq (d) H2 ZnCl2aq (e) a b 15 (cation) a e NaOHaq b c Zn (deposit) b d c d (oxide) d e (product) 15 Al2O3 NaOHaq Na[Al(OH)4] CaO (IV) MnO2 HClaq H2 O Na2O O2 NaOH P4O10 H3PO4 10 Ca(OH)2 (catalyst) 16 (alkane) (a) (alkene) (d) 16 (a) KMnO4aq (acidified with sulfuric acid) (oxidation) (b) C (straight chain alkane) (c) (number of carbon atoms) (cis form) (melting point) (d) (addition reaction) a b c (boiling point) d 11 (trans form) 17 (carboxylic acid) 17 (phthalic acid) (asymmetric carbon atom) (oxalic acid) (dicarboxylic acid) (linoleic acid) (toluene) (higher fatty acid) KMnO4 (acidified with sulfuric acid) (oxidation) (benzoic acid) CO2 (sodium phenoxide) pressure) (high temperature and (sodium salicylate) CH3COONa 8.2g 18 (excess) NaOH CH4 (test tube) L 18 L 1.0 1.6 2.2 12 3.4 4.4 19 (polymer) (monomer) 19 (glycogen) (protein) DNA( ) (deoxyribonucleic acid) (natural rubber) (polyamide) (polyester) (maltose) (amino acid) (ribose) ( ) (propene(propylene)) (anillne) ( ) (ethene(ethylene)) 13 20 (amino acid) 20 ˛- (carboxy group) ˛- ˛- C H (amino group) (asymmetric carbon atom) O N (essential amino acid) ˛- (dehydration condensation) (peptide) 14 ...1 Mn2+ (II) mass number) (II) 55 23 (electron) (neutron) 23 25 (atom) 30 32 (ion) 55 (electron configuration) Cl– Na+ H+ He Ne Mg2+ Cl– Br– (a) Na+ Ca2+ (e) (a) (normal temperature... (chemicalreaction) (oxidation number) KClO3 O2 KCl + O2 O3 H2 O + H S Na2O + HCl S + H 2O NaCl + H2O (reversible reaction)(i) (reaction path)A (energy) B (catalyst) H2 ( ) + I ( ) (i) (forward reaction)... (cation) a e NaOHaq b c Zn (deposit) b d c d (oxide) d e (product) 15 Al2O3 NaOHaq Na[Al(OH)4] CaO (IV) MnO2 HClaq H2 O Na2O O2 NaOH P4O10 H3PO4 10 Ca(OH )2 (catalyst) 16 (alkane) (a) (alkene) (d) 16