vinh university foreign Languages department ===    === phan thÞ dung AN ANALYSIS ON SOME DISCOURSE FEATURES OF ENGLISH ECONOMICS NEWS (Ph©n tÝch mét sè ®Æc ®iÓm diÔn ng«n (Ph©n tÝch mét sè ®Æc ®iÓm diÔn ng«n trong c¸c b¶n tin kinh tÕ tiÕng anh) trong c¸c b¶n tin kinh tÕ tiÕng anh) graduation thesis graduation thesis Field: Linguistics Graduation thesis Vinh - 2011 Hoàng Thị Thảo – K48A 1 English 2 vinh university foreign Languages department ===    === AN ANALYSIS ON SOME DISCOURSE FEATURES OF ENGLISH ECONOMICS NEWS (Ph©n tÝch mét sè ®Æc ®iÓm diÔn ng«n (Ph©n tÝch mét sè ®Æc ®iÓm diÔn ng«n trong c¸c b¶n tin kinh tÕ tiÕng anh) trong c¸c b¶n tin kinh tÕ tiÕng anh) graduation thesis graduation thesis Field: Linguistics Supervisor: vâ thÞ hång minh, m.a Student: phan thÞ dung, 48A1 - English Graduation thesis Vinh, May 2011 Hoàng Thị Thảo – K48A 1 English GRADUATION THESIS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The thesis could not be completed without the great support from my lecturers, my family and my friends. First of all, I would like to express my deepest and special gratitude to my supervisor, M.A Vo Thi Hong Minh, for her readiness at all time to discuss the problems and give me precious advice, valuable materials and enormous corrections. Next, I am grateful to my loving parents, my dedicated friends for their unconditional love, support and forbearance. Finally, I am all too aware that despite all the advice and assistance, I feel that the project is too far from perfect ; it is, therefore, my sole responsibility for any inadequacies and shortcomings that the thesis may be considered to have Vinh, May 2011 Phan Thi Dung Phan Thi Dung - 48A1 English Foreign Languages Department i GRADUATION THESIS ABSTRACT In this thesis, the author studies how grammatical cohesion and epistemic modality manifested in some English economic news. First, she discusses about text and discourse, discourse analysis, types of cohesive devices, and modality. She mainly focuses on grammatical cohesion, its sub-types and epistemic modality. They are basic theoretical background for analyzing the data. Then, she surveys how grammatical cohesion and epistemic modality manifested in ten English economics news. Finally, the author mentions to some difficulties that students and readers often meet in learning and understanding a news report, from that giving some implications to help them have better results in their work. Phan Thi Dung - 48A1 English Foreign Languages Department ii GRADUATION THESIS TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .i ABSTRACT ii TABLE OF CONTENTS .iii LIST OF TABLES v PART A: INTRODUCTION .1 1. Rationale of the study 1 2. Aims of the Study 2 3. Scope of the Study .2 4. Methods of the Study 3 5. Design of the Study .3 Chapter 1 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 4 1.1. Discourse versus Text 4 1.2. Discourse Analysis .5 1.3. Cohesion and Coherence 5 1.4. Types of Cohesive Devices 6 1.4.1. Reference 7 1.4.2. Substitution 8 1.4.3. Ellipsis 9 1.4.4. Conjunction .10 1.5. Modality .12 1.5.1. Definition .12 1.5.2. Modal categories .12 1.5.2.1. Deontic modality 12 1.5.2.2. Epistemic modality .13 1.5.2.2.1. Judgment .13 1.5.2.2.2. Evidentials .13 1.5.3. Expressions of modality 14 1.5.3.1. Verbs .14 1.5.3.2. Adverbs 15 1.5.3.3. Adjectives .15 1.5.3.4. Nouns .15 1.6. The concept of a newspaper .16 1.6.1. Classification of newspaper 16 1.6.2. General structure of a news report .17 Phan Thi Dung - 48A1 English Foreign Languages Department iii GRADUATION THESIS Chapter 2 AN ANALYSIS ON SOME DISCOURSE FEATURES OF ENGLISH ECONOMICS NEWS 19 2.1. Some Information about the Material Selected 19 2.2. Grammatical Cohesive Devices .19 2.2.1. Reference .19 2.3.2. Substitution 21 2.3.3. Ellipsis .22 2.3.4. Conjunction .23 2.4.The frequency of occurrences of grammatical cohesive devices in English Economics news 26 2.5. Epistemic Modality Manifested in English Economics News .27 2.5.1. Verbs .27 2.5.1.1. Modal Verbs .27 2.5.1.2. Lexical Verbs .30 2.5.2. Adverbs .30 2.5.3. Adjectives 31 2.5.4. Nouns .32 Chapter 3 DISCUSSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS .32 3.1. Findings and Discussion 33 3.2. The problems 34 3.3. Some implications for students and readers to get good results in learning and reading a news report 35 PART C: CONCLUSION .40 1. Recapitulation 40 2. Suggestions for Further Studies 40 REFERENCES 42 APPENDIX .1 Phan Thi Dung - 48A1 English Foreign Languages Department iv GRADUATION THESIS LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: General information about the selected material 19 Table 2.2. Frequency rates of anaphoric reference refering to person and thing .20 Table 2.3. Survey results on anaphoric reference and cataphoric reference .21 Table 2.4. Survey results on different types of substitution 22 Table 2.5. The frequent use of nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis .23 Table 2.6. The proportion of different types of conjunction in terms of its meaning .26 Table 2.7. The frequency of occurrences of cohesive devices in English Economics News 27 Table 2.8. The frequency of occurrence of epistemic modality seen from types of modal verbs .30 Table 2.9. The frequency of occurrence of epistemic modality seen from fours types of word-forms manifested 32 Phan Thi Dung - 48A1 English Foreign Languages Department v GRADUATION THESIS PART A: INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale of the study English has asserted its big role in our life on many fields such as education, politics, science, technology, economics, etc. Among them, economics is considered to be one of the objects that has been significantly affected. In fact, the world economy is developping very rapidly and actively. To have such success, it requires all countries in the world to unify their economy to lead to the globalisation. And the first thing they must do is to use a common language in trade exchanging. English is the best choice for this. In fact, most economics news and reports are written and published in that language. Therefore; if businessmen, companies would like to read or understand them to serve for their business better, they must know how to use English. As we can see, the more information we have from market, partners and customers, the more big chances we will get. In addition, in the process of conducting this research, we realized that English economics news is said to be a vital and useful expression of grammatical cohesion as well as modality usage. It is an ideal place where journalists try to convey as much information as possible by using cohesive devices, especially grammatical device. Morever, by using modality, especially, epistemic modality, writers can express their opinions and stances about economic issues to help readers, those who are businessmen to have a better advice for their work. However, most readers find them difficult to understand because they contain a lot of grammatical cohesion and epistemic modality. Therefore, it is necessary to do the research about how English economic news is built and how grammatical cohesion and modality are used. The materials choosen to do the the research retrieved from VOA- a famous broadcast brand all over the world because of its believable information resources to assist businessmen and anyone who is interested in economics have more knowledge and experience to get more success in their work. Starting from these issues above, the author chooses the topic “Some Discourse Features of English Economics News” to do her research. Phan Thi Dung - 48A1 English Foreign Languages Department 1 . vinh university foreign Languages department == =    == = phan thÞ dung AN ANALYSIS ON SOME DISCOURSE FEATURES OF ENGLISH ECONOMICS NEWS (Ph©n tÝch mét sè. Thảo – K48A 1 English 2 vinh university foreign Languages department == =    == = AN ANALYSIS ON SOME DISCOURSE FEATURES OF ENGLISH ECONOMICS NEWS (Ph©n