Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
Nhìn chung, thái độ của người viết trong đoạn văn trên đều rất ủng hộ những tính năng tốt đẹp của điện thoại và câu “It is an unusual person who can choose not to answer a ringing teleph[r]
(1)CHUYÊN ĐỀ 4: PRONUNCIATION AND STRESS Trọng âm từ tiếng Anh Việc học trên lớp thường tập trung vào ôn tập ngữ pháp, khiến cho dạng bài xác định trọng âm các đề thi trở nên tương đối khó với các em học sinh Globaledu cung cấp cho các em số kiến thức phát âm bài học này Thế nào là trọng âm từ? Trọng âm từ là lực phát âm nhấn vào âm tiết định từ Khi ta đọc đến âm tiết này thì lực phát âm mạnh phát âm các âm tiết khác Để làm dạng bài tập này trước tiên các em phải nhớ trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết mạnh tức là âm tiết có chứa nguyên âm mạnh, nguyên âm đôi nguyên âm dài Sau đây globaledu xin giới thiệu với các em số quy tắc chung để nhận biết trọng âm tiếng Anh, hi vọng nó giúp các em ghi điểm mùa thi này 1) Trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ Hầu hết danh từ và tính từ có âm tiết thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ Ví dụ: Danh từ: PREsent, EXport, CHIna, TAble Tính từ: PREsent, SLENder, CLEver, HAPpy Đối với động từ âm tiết thứ chứa nguyên âm ngắn và kết thúc không nhiều phụ âm thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ Ví dụ: ENter, TRAvel, Open Các động từ có âm tiết cuối chứa ow thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết đầu Ví dụ: FOllow, BOrrow Các động từ âm tiết có âm tiết cuối chưa nguyên âm dài nguyên âm đôi kết thúc nhiều phụ âm thì âm tiết đầu nhận trọng âm Ví dụ: PAradise, EXercise 2) Trọng âm vào âm tiết thứ hai Hầu hết động từ có âm tiết thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ Ví dụ: to preSENT, to exPORT, to deCIDE, to beGIN Nếu âm tiết thứ chứa nguyên âm dài, nguyên âm đôi kết thúc với nhiều phụ âm thì âm tiết đó nhận trọng âm Ví dụ: proVIDE, proTEST, aGREE Đối với động từ âm tiết quy tắc sau: Nếu âm tiết cuối chứa nguyên âm ngắn kết thúc không nhiều nguyên âm thì âm tiết thứ nhận trọng âm Ví dụ: deTERmine, reMEMber, enCOUNter 3) Trọng âm rơi vào âm thứ tính từ lên Những từ có tận cùng –ic, -sion, tion thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ tính từ lên Ví dụ: Những từ có tận cùng –ic: GRAphic, geoGRAphic, geoLOgic Những từ có tận cùng -sion, tion: suggestion, reveLAtion Ngoại lệ: TElevision có trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 4) Trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ từ lên Các từ tận cùng –ce, -cy, -ty, -phy, –gy thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ từ lên: Ví dụ: deMOcracy, dependaBIlity, phoTOgraphy, geOLogy Các từ tận cùng –ical có trọng âm rơi váo âm tiết thứ tính từ lên Ví dụ: CRItical, geoLOgical 5) Từ ghép (từ có phần) Đối với các danh từ ghép trọng âm rơi vào phần đầu: BLACKbird, GREENhouse Đối với các tính từ ghép trọng âm rơi vào phần thứ 2: bad-TEMpered, old-FASHioned Đối với các động từ ghép trọng âm rơi vào phần thứ 2: to OVERcome, to overFLOW Lưu ý: Các phụ tố không làm ảnh hưởng đến trọng âm câu: -able, -age, -al, -en, -ful, -ing, -ish, -less, -ment, -ous Các phụ tố thân nó nhận trọng âm câu: -ain(entertain), -ee(refugee,trainee), -ese(Portugese, Japanese), -ique(unique), -ette(cigarette, laundrette), -esque(picturesque), -eer(mountaineer), -ality (personality), -oo (bamboo), -oon (balloon), -mental (fundamental) Ngoại lệ: COffe, comMITtee, ENgine (2) Trong các từ có các hậu tố đây, trọng âm đặt âm tiết trước hậu tố: -ian (musician), - id (stupid), -ible (possible), -ish (foolish), -ive (native), -ous (advantageous), -ial (proverbial, equatorial), -ic (climatic), -ity (ability, tranquility) Samples: Chọn từ có trọng âm chính nhấn vào âm tiết có vị trí khác với từ còn lại: A study B reply C apply D rely A deficiency B deficit C reference D deference A employee B referee C committee D.refugee A tenant B.common C rubbish D.machine A company B atmosphere C.customer D employment A animal B bacteria C habitat D.pyramid A neighbour B.establish C community D encourage A investment B television C provision D document A.writer B.teacher C.builder D career 10 A decision B deceive C decisive D decimal Cách phát âm các phụ âm Một số kiến thức chung cách phát âm các phụ âm tiếng Anh: - TH có cách phát âm là /θ/ (three) và /ð/ (then) Trong số từ tên người và tên nơi chốn TH phát âm là /t/ (Thailand, Thomas) - Các chữ SH, S đứng đầu từ (shoe, sugar); SH, SS, TI, C đứng từ (fashion, Russia, nation, ocean); SH đứng cuối từ (finish) phát âm là /ʃ/ - Các chữ J, G đứng đầu từ (jaw, general); G, J đứng từ (page, major); GE, DGE đứng cuối từ (rage, ledge) phát âm là /dʒ/ - Các chữ CH đứng đầu từ (chair); CH, T đứng từ (teacher), (future); TCH đứng cuối từ (watch) phát âm là /tʃ/ - Thông thường H phát âm là /h/ (hill) nhiên có ngoại lệ là WH (who) phát âm là /h/ và H không phát âm (âm câm) số từ: hour, honour, honest - W (will), WH (when) thường phát âm là /w/ Một số trường hợp là O one, once phát âm là /w/ Chữ QU thường phát âm thành /kw/ (quite) - Các chữ Y, U, E, I phát âm thành /j/ các từ sau: you, cute, few, view - Các chữ G, GG thường phát âm là /g/ (go, bigger) Đôi các chữ GH, GU phát âm là /g/ (ghost, guest) G là âm câm các từ sign, foreign - Các chữ C, K đứng đầu từ (can, king); CC, CK đứng từ (soccer, locker); K, CK, C, CH đứng cuối từ (milk, black, comic, ache) phát âm là /k/ Chú ý QU phát âm là /kw/ (quick), X phát âm là /ks/ (six) Một số từ bắt đầu K phát âm thì K biến thành âm câm (know, knife) - Các chữ F (fall), FF (offer), PH (photo), GH (laugh) thường phát âm là /f/ - Hầu hết V phát âm là /v/ (never) nhiên đôi F phát âm là /v/ (of) - Hầu hết P, PP phát âm là /p/ (open, apple) psychology P là âm câm - Các chữ S (sad), SS (class), C (place) thường phát âm là /s/ Đôi SC (science) phát âm trên Phát âm đuôi –ed - ED phát âm là /t/ sau các âm vô p, k Example: walked, booked - ED phát âm là /d/ sau các âm hữu w, n, ng Example: showed, burned - ED phát âm là /id/ sau các âm t, d Examples: bedded, wanted Phát âm đuôi số nhiều - Đuôi số nhiều danh từ, động từ chia ngôi thứ số ít phát âm là / s/ từ đó kết thúc các âm vô p, t, k Examples: books, looks - Đuôi số nhiều danh từ, động từ chia ngôi thứ số ít phát âm là /z/ từ đó kết thúc các âm hữu n, m, ng Examples: learns, tools - Đuôi số nhiều danh từ, động từ chia ngôi thứ số ít phát âm là / iz/ từ đó kết thúc s, x Examples: boxes, bosses Samples: Chọn từ mà phần gạch chân có cách phát âm khác với từ còn lại (3) A decided B needed C wanted D succeeded A car B carriage C corn D city A success B song C sugar D soup A churches B chairman C chemist D changes A rough B tough C cough D though A promise B devise C surprise D realise A leaf B.deaf C of D wife A go B.large C.angry D give A thus B.thick C think D thin 10 A home B.hour C horn D high Cách phát âm các nguyên âm Trong đề thi đại học các em hay gặp dạng câu hỏi: Chọn từ mà phần gạch chân có cách phát âm khác với từ còn lại: A heat B seat C great D meat Phần gạch chân là các nguyên âm đơn a, o, u, e, i và y kết hợp khác chúng Vậy ea seat, meat, heat lại đọc khác ea great Một số kinh nghiệm và lưu ý đây giúp các em tháo gỡ dạng bài này - Hầu hết các chữ viết dạng ee (meet), ea (meat), e-e (scene) phát âm thành /i:/ Trường hợp e (me), ie (piece) phát âm trên không nhiều - Chữ e (men) hay ea (death), ie (friend), a (many), (said) phát âm là /e/ - Hầu hết các chữ viết là ar, al thì phát âm là /a:/ Chữ a ask, path, aunt phát âm là /a:/ Các chữ viết là ear, ere, are, air, thì phát âm là /eə/ (ngoài heart phát âm là /ha: t/) - Các chữ viết là a-e (mate) ay (say), ey (grey), ei (eight), (wait), ea (great) thì phát âm là /ei/ - Các chữ viết là a thì phát âm là /æ/ (Trừ trường hợp sau a có r – sau r không phải là nguyên âm) Tuy nhiên chữ a ask, path, aunt lại phát âm là /a:/ - Hầu hết các chữ viết là i-e (smile), ie (die), y (cry) phát âm là [ai] Một số chữ viết là igh (high), uy (buy) phát âm giống trên không nhiều Riêng các từ fridge, city, friend lại không phát âm là /ai/ - Hầu hết các chữ viết là i (win) có phát âm là /i/, đôi y phát âm trên (Trừ trường hợp sau i có r – sau r không phải là nguyên âm) - Hầu hết các chữ viết là er nguyên âm các âm tiết không có trọng âm thì phát âm thành /ə/: teacher, owner - Chữ u tiếng Anh có cách phát âm: Phát âm là /u:/ (u dài) đứng sau /j/ (June); phát âm là /ʊ/ /ʌ/ các cách viết khác full, sun Khi từ có chữ oo viết cạnh thì hầu hết phát âm thành /u:/ trừ các trường hợp âm cuối là k: book, look, cook - Các chữ cái phát âm là /ɜ:/ thuộc các trường hợp sau: ir (bird), er (her), ur (hurt) Ngoài còn có các trường hợp ngoại lệ or (word), ear (heard) - Các chữ cái phát âm là /ɔ:/ thuộc các trường hợp sau: or (form, norm) Các trường hợp ngoại lệ khác: a (call), ar (war), au (cause), aw (saw), al (walk), augh (taught), ough (thought), four (four) - Các chữ cái viết là oy, oi phát âm là /ɔɪ/ Ví dụ: boy, coin - Các chữ cái viết là ow, ou thường phát âm là /əʊ/ hay /aʊ/, nhiên chúng còn có nhiều biến thể phát âm khác Samples: Chọn từ mà phần gạch chân có cách phát âm khác với từ còn lại A heat B seat C great D meat A size B grey C life D.eye A book B floor C cook D hook A so B show C.who D though A circle B brick C fit D fish A name B flame C man D fame A table B lady C captain D labour A earn B third C where D dirty A loudly B without C thousand D 10 A bed B get C decide D setting thought Đáp án: Key: C (4) Hint: Hầu hết ea phát âm là [i:] nhiên great là trường hợp ngoại lệ ea phát âm là [ei] Key: B Hint: Hầu hết oo phát âm thành âm [ɔː] trừ trường hợp đó là từ có k đứng cuối Khi từ kết thúc k thì oo phát âm là [ʊ] Đáp án câu trên là floor Key: A Hint: Hầu hết các từ viết là i có phát âm là [i] nhiên ir lại phát âm thành [ɜ:] Key: C Hint: A phát âm là [ei] [æ] Trong các từ table, lady, labour thì a phát âm là [ei] nó phát âm là [æ] captain Key: D Hint: Các chữ cái viết là ou thường phát âm là [au] nhiên ough lại phát âm thành [ɔ:] Key: B Hint: Hầu hết các từ viết là i-e (smile), ie (die), y (cry) phát âm là [ai] Các từ viết là ae (mate) ay (say), ey (grey), ei (eight), (wait), ea (great) thì phát âm là [ei] Key: C Hint: Phần gạch chân các từ so, show, though phát âm là [ou], riêng từ who lại phát âm thành [u:] Key: C Hint: Nguyên âm a các từ name, flame, fame đọc là [ei], từ man lại đọc là [æ] Key: C Hint: Phần gạch chân các từ earn, third, dirty phát âm là [ɜ:], where nó lại phát âm là [eə] 10 Key: C Hint: E phát âm là [e] các từ bed, get, setting Trong decide e phát âm là [i] I Different sound A heat A prepared A thrilling A idea A face A around A teacher A Germany A scholarship 10.A house 11.A sing 12.A hundred 13.A head 14 A choir 15 A charge 16 A reason 17 A motion 18.A gather 19.A change B scream B particular B other B going B place B sound B other B garden B Christ B harm B morning B exhausted B ready B cheap B child B clear B question B good B children C meat C pagoda C through C will C prepared C only C together C gate C school C hour C any C however C mean C child C teacher C mean C mention C large C machine D dead D attract D something D trip D days D mouse D term D gas D chicken D husband D hang D heat D weather D chair D champagne D each D fiction D again D church (5) 20.A hand 21 A cooks 22.A share 23.A clothes 24.A naked 25.A laughed 26 A apply 27 A choice 28.A final 29 A average 30 A course 31.A worker 32.A honest 33.A character 34.A interview 35 A explained 36 A economy 37.A right 38.A measure 39.A though 40.A improve 41.A future 42.A chore 43.A threaten 44.A wipe 45.A service 46.A grasses 47.A lie II Stress A comprise A Aborigines A corridor A remain A territory A eject A canoeing A participant A interfere 10 A award 11.A social 12.A marvelous B bank B loves B rare B cloths B looked B weighed B university B achieve B applicant B indicate B four B whom B holiday B teacher B minute B disappointed B industry B private B subsidies B encourage B introduce B mature B technology B earth B allow B practice B stretches B wide C sand C joins C are C roofs C booked C helped C identity C each C high C application C our C interview C home C chemist C question C prepared C qualify C communist C domestic C enough C move C pasture C much C healthy C powerful C office C comprises C circle B sandy B expedition B enormous B hummock B Australia B crossbar B opponent B publicity B memory B defeat B conduct B attention C circle C kilometer C mystery C explore C geography C except C windsurfing C competitive C personal C refer C survey C consider D band D spends D declare D books D hooked D missed D early D chemistry D decide D grade D yours D answer D happiness D technical D suitable D interviewed D priority D minority D hospital D country D lose D nature D exchange D breathe D answer D device D potatoes D comprise D northern D scientific D separate D between D society D commit D defensive D individual D vertical D scuba D value D excited (6) 13.A verbal 14.A attract 15.A solution 16 A conical 17 A physical 18 A ancestor 19 A commitment 20 A dissolve 21 A technology 22 A between 23 A waving 24 A student 25 A traditional 26 A economics 27 A secondary 28 A education 29.A because 30.A ashtray 31.A farewell 32.A mischievous 33 A desert 34 A measure 35 A attitude 36 A survey 37 A diversity 38 A European 39.A America 40.A confide 41.A expedition 42.A appropriate 43 A culture 44 A romantic 45 A bridegroom 46 A supernatural 47 A gymnastics 48 A financial 49 A confess 50 A possibility B whistle C precede D marriage B decide C reject D beauty B suitable C confidence D family B determine C contractual D supportive B mischievous C suitable D romantic B measurement C counterpart D appearance B inflation C collection D enterprise B observe C publish D appraise B psychology C reconstruction D apology B result C ago D coffee B teaching C pointing D divide B listen C blackboard D between B professional C impossible D decoration B interfere C philosophy D punctuality B primary C fantastic D national B curriculum C technology D integrity B method C standard D wooden B music C severe D temper B thoughtful C toward D approach B family C supportive D suitable B parallel C hummock D aerial B pressure C unwise D sacrifice B partnership C actually D Vietnamese B enormous C remained D mystery B marriage C engagement D importance B Victorian C Brazilian D Korean B equal C maintain D attractive B reject C precede D conical B exploration C Australian D Geographical B interesting C different D cultural B engage C majority D determine B counterpart C discussion D appearance B bamboo C wedding D survey B explanation C redundancy D electronic B criminal C investment D excitement B ambitious C refusal D evidence B function C jealous D patient B manufacture C instrument D disappointed CHUYÊN ĐỀ 5: READING A Bí kíp đọc hiểu nhanh (Phần 1) · Nếu đề thi yêu cầu bạn chọn đáp án thể ý chính đoạn, hãy nhớ: (7) Thông thường, câu chủ đạo (hay còn gọi là câu chốt) hay nằm vị trí đầu đoạn cuối đoạn Hãy đọc thật kỹ các câu vị trí này và bạn có thể nắm các ý quan trọng đoạn Hãy đọc các đoạn văn đây và xem câu hỏi dưới: Đoạn văn 1: Also, a stranger may remind you of a meeting with someone This may be because of something as simple as the fact that he or she is physically similar to someone who treated you well or badly Your feelings about a stranger could be influenced by a smell in the air that brings to mind a place where you were happy as a child Since even a single word can bring back a memory such as that, you may never realize it is happening What does the paragraph discuss? A Meanings of signals one implies towards a stranger B Factors that may influence one’s feelings about a stranger C How people usually behave to a stranger D Factors that cause people to act differently Rõ ràng, ta thấy câu đầu tiên đoạn đã bao hàm ý đoạn văn “ Người lạ thường gợi nhớ nơi bạn gặp gỡ với người khác trước đó” Tất các câu sau là minh chứng cho câu chốt này Từ đó, bạn có thể thấy câu đó có ý nghĩa thích hợp với đáp án B “ Những nhân tố có thể ảnh hưởng đến cảm xúc bạn người lạ” II Đoạn văn 2: The average home library has a number of old favourite books, many unread books, and a few very useful books The most useful one of all - besides the dictionary – is likely to be a world almanac A good almanac includes a wealth of information – biographical, historical, and geographical Records of all sorts – the highest, the lowest, the longest and the biggest – are all included in the almanac The main idea of the paragraph is that _ A Everyone should have a home library B The almanac is an unread book C The dictionary is not the most useful book D An almanac includes important information Tất các yếu tố home library, useful book, dictionary, almanac xuất đoạn Mặc dù vậy, để ý kỹ bạn thấy câu trên là dẫn chứng tiêu biểu để chứng minh cho câu cuối cùng “records of all sorts… are all included in the almanac” và đây chính là câu chốt đoạn Một cách diễn đạt khác câu chốt này chính là “An almanac includes important information” nên D là đáp án bài Ngoài ra, với số đoạn văn ý chính đoạn lại có thể đặt đoạn hay có không nằm hoàn toàn câu nào Chẳng hạn: Đoạn văn 3: Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a fire goes flat Few inventions are as helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashtlight in hand A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has faded The main idea of the paragraph is that _ A Some children are afraid of the dark B Modern flashlight is very useful C You need a flashlight to find things D A flashlight is always beside any campers Cấu trúc đoạn trên sau: Giới thiệu – câu chốt – dẫn chứng Do ý chính đoạn nằm câu Và đáp án câu trên chắn là B Đoạn văn 4: Dishes have to be washed There are floors to sweep and laundry to wash, fold and put away Windows need washing, and furniture needs to be dusted and polished Besides these chores, houses need constant organization too The main idea of the paragraph is that _ A Any houses have dishes and floors B We often have to wash windows C Houses need constant organization D Housework is never done Để làm loại bài không có câu chốt này, bạn cần phải đọc kỹ toàn đoạn và tự rút thông điệp tác giả muốn gửi tới người đọc Trong đoạn văn trên, rõ ràng, tất dẫn chứng đưa nói lên công việc nhà là chuỗi không kết thúc người nội trợ Vì vậy, D là đáp án đúng (8) · Cũng với mục đích tìm ý chính bài, người đề có thể yêu cầu học sinh tìm tiêu đề thích hợp cho đoạn Khi làm câu hỏi này, bạn không cần phải hiểu ý chính bài, mà còn phải biết khái quát các ý nhỏ thành chủ đề lớn Chẳng hạn: Upon the creation of the United States, one of the core concepts on which the hopes for the new democracy were pinned was the ideal that its citizens would be enlightened individuals with clearly articulated rights and the opportunity for individual achievement and education It was believed that in a free nation where the power belongs to the people, the commitment to education defines the progress of that democracy and is the catalyst for future progress This core value has not only stood the test of time but has also grown in importance In this new Information Era and international economy, education is an increasingly vital commodity, a precursor of potential success and a driving force of change It is important to recognize, however, that we approach education today differently than in the past, partly because the kinds of jobs people had didn't require the kind of basic education and specialized training that is often required in the workforce today In the 1950s, for instance, only 20 percent of American jobs were classified as professional, 20 percent as skilled, and 60 percent as unskilled Today, our world has changed The proportion of unskilled jobs has fallen to 20 percent, while skilled jobs now account for at least 60 percent of the workforce Even more important, almost every job today increasingly requires a combination of academic knowledge and practical skills that require learning throughout a lifetime Which of the following titles would be best for the passage? A Education and Jobs in the Past and at Present in the United States B The Significant Role of Education in American Citizens' Careers C Academic Knowledge and Practical Skills in American Professions D Recent Changes of Educational and Vocational Systems in America Ta thấy nội dung phương án xuất đoạn văn trên và nói giáo dục Mỹ Tuy nhiên, để tìm tiêu đề đoạn, ta phải chọn cụm từ mang tính chung bao quát toàn ý tưởng tác giả Trong phương án trên ta có thể thấy “nghề nghiệp và việc làm quá khứ và Mỹ”, “kiến thức lý thuyết và kỹ thực hành nghề nghiệp Mỹ” hay “những thay đổi gần đây giáo dục và việc làm Mỹ” xoay quanh vai trò to lớn giáo dục nghề nghiệp các công dân Mỹ mà thôi, và đây chính là ý nghĩa chung chứng minh các luận điểm và dẫn chứng đưa bài Vì vậy, B là đáp án đúng · Trong nhiều bài thi, bạn có thể bắt gặp câu hỏi thái độ ngụ ý tác giả đoạn văn Bạn nên nhớ rằng, từ mà tác giả sử dụng mang đến cho bạn ý nghĩa ngoài định nghĩa từ điển, ngụ ý riêng mà người viết muốn chuyển tải Hãy đọc đoạn văn đây: The telephone has the power to break into people’s homes It is an unusual person who can choose not to answer a ringing telephone Also, very few people turn their telophones off The telephone is a door that is always open to the outside world Which of these statements are implied in the information of the paragraph? A Most people always answer their telephone B Most people have telephones C Most people turn off their telephones D Most telephones now have doors Nhìn chung, thái độ người viết đoạn văn trên ủng hộ tính tốt đẹp điện thoại và câu “It is an unusual person who can choose not to answer a ringing telephone” đã giúp ta hiểu ẩn ý nhà văn là “Most people always answer their telephone.” Đề mẫu (Sample): Đọc kỹ bài khoá sau và chọn phương án đúng (ứng với A B, C, D) David Hempleman Adams is an explorer and adventurer In April 1984, he walked through northern Canada to the North Pole He walked 400 kilometres in 22 days He was 27 years old when he did it David was the first person to walk to the North Pole by himself Other people travelled to the North Pole before David but they had a sled and a dog team David didn't have a dog team David was a brave man to go on this adventure on his own He was also a lucky man because the bear and the icy water didn't kill him Câu 1: Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage? A David drove to the North Pole B No one travelled to the North Pole before David C David was the first person to walk to the North Pole alone (9) D It was very cold in the North Pole Câu 2: David travelled to the North Pole with A a group of people B a dog team C another person D nobody Câu 3: Which of the following is NOT true? A He was killed by the bear B He walked to the North Pole alone C He walked 400 kilometres D He was 27 years old when he travelled to the North Pole Câu 4: The word “sled” means A a person B a vehicle C a dog D food Câu 5: Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A A Lucky Man B A Walk to the North Pole C Without a Dog Team D Icy Water B Bí kíp đọc hiểu nhanh (Phần 2) Dạng câu hỏi thường gặp các bài đọc hiểu thi Đại học là câu hỏi tìm nghĩa tương đương TỪ đoạn văn Học sinh thường gặp khó khăn việc chọn đáp án vì có từ có nghĩa gần có nhiều từ là từ Để làm tốt các câu này, bạn nên xem xét kỹ mối quan hệ từ cần tìm nghĩa với các từ, cụm từ xung quanh Ví dụ 1: Television is one of the main subjects of conversation, at school, in offices, at home and in the street, as well as being written about in all the newspapers At school or in offices, television is considered as a topic _ A for learning B for people to talk about C for discussion D for entertainment Mặc dù câu hỏi không hỏi trực tiếp, ta thấy điều mấu chốt câu hỏi trên nằm nghĩa từ conversation Trong phương án thì “(a topic) for people to talk about” là cách diễn đạt có ý gần và đây chính là đáp án đúng Ví dụ 2: Holding your head to one side shows interest in the other, while an easy, open posture indicates that you are self-confident What does the word "open" in the passage most closely mean? A Unrestrained B Relaxed C Confined D Unlimited Dựa vào cụm từ xung quanh, ta thấy từ open phải mô tả tư khiến người khác nghĩ bạn tự tin Trong phương án trên unrestrained (không kiềm chế), relaxed (thoải mái), confined (giới hạn), unlimited (không giới hạn) thì có relaxed phù hợp nghĩa mặc dù không nằm ngữ cảnh thì hai từ này chẳng có mối liên hệ nào Nếu muốn tìm thông tin là ngày tháng (date), hãy nhìn thật nhanh vào các số, các chữ cái viết hoa, các dấu phẩy, các tên tháng, ngày và số Ví dụ: “In 1945 the town’s population was 176,214 and in 1975 it was 200,842 By December 1985 the population had grown to 250, 562.” When was the latest population count taken? _ A In 1945 B In 1975 C In 1985 D In 2000 Trong câu hỏi trên, ta phải tập trung vào các số năm 1945, 1975 và 1985 Và số gần đây dân số chắn là tính vào năm 1985 Nếu muốn tìm thông số, hay kiện, hãy chú ý các dấu câu, đặc biệt là các dấu khác thường %, dấu hiệu đơn vị tiền tệ $ từ viết in nghiêng like, các từ gạch chân các từ đặt dấu ngoặc kép (“”) Hãy xét ví dụ sau: “The rainfall in the city is usually 16 inches per year, but in 1979 the rainfall was a record setting 20 inches Therefore, about 20% fewer tourists came to visit the city than usual Because of the drop in the tourist trade, the city lost $100,000 in business owing to the rain.” How much money did the city lost? _ A 16 inches B 20 inches C 20% D $100,000 Không khó khăn gì ta có thể tìm câu trả lời chính là $100,000 nhờ có dấu hiệu $ (đô la Mỹ) Và nhìn nhanh và hiểu chính xác câu hỏi, bạn vài tích tắc cho câu hỏi này (10) Một kiểu “bẫy” tương đối phổ biến với mức độ khó khác là câu hỏi cách diễn đạt tương đương Điều này không yêu cầu bạn cần có óc phân tích tổng hợp phạm vi từ, cụm từ mà chí còn phải liên hệ các câu và các đoạn Hãy xem các ví dụ đây: Ví dụ 1: Newcastle is on the bank of the River Tyne There is a cathedral and a university Newcastle is next to Gateshead The main industries used to be shipbuilding and coalmining, but now the chemical and soap industries are important I miss the people, who are very friendly, and I miss the beautiful countryside near the city, where there are so many hills and streams Which of the following is NOT true about Newcastle? A Its people are friendly B Its main industry now is shipbuilding C It has a cathedral and a university D It is next to Gateshead Ta xét đáp án sau: phương án C và D đã có bài, mặt khác, thông qua đại từ quan hệ who đứng trước the people (who are very friendly), ta thấy phương án A là đặc điểm Newscatle Shipbuilding B có đoạn, nhiên với cụm từ used to ta hiểu thông tin phía sau việc đã xảy quá khứ không còn tồn Và ngành công nghiệp chính Newcastle là chemical and soap industries không phải là shippbulding nên B là đáp án đúng Ví dụ 2: Also, a stranger may remind you of a meeting with someone This may be because of something as simple as the fact that he or she is physically similar to someone who treated you well or badly Your feelings about a stranger could be influenced by a smell in the air that brings to mind a place where you were happy as a child Since even a single word can bring back a memory such as that, you may never realize it is happening What one feels about a stranger may be influenced by something that _ A strengthens one's past behaviours C revives one's past memories B reminds one of one's past treatment D points to one's childhood Thoạt nhìn, học sinh thường chọn đáp án B vì thấy xuất từ remind giống bài Tuy nhiên, đây là câu “bẫy” thú vị Ta không thể chọn “reminds one of one's past treatment” vì cụm đó có nghĩa là người nói nhớ cách cư xử chính mình còn đoạn văn lại nói ký ức cách cư xử người khác với tác giả Vì vậy, C revives one's past memories là đáp án đúng Ví dụ 3: In the 1950s, for instance, only 20 percent of American jobs were classified as professional, 20 percent as skilled, and 60 percent as unskilled Today, our world has changed The proportion of unskilled jobs has fallen to 20 percent, while skilled jobs now account for at least 60 percent of the workforce The passage shows the percentage of jobs that require higher training in the US _ between the 1950s and now A has remained the same B has changed dramatically C has been reversed D has changed slightly Trong câu hỏi trên, phương án A và D bị loại vì sai ý hoàn toàn Phương án C có nghĩa là tỉ lệ đã bị đảo ngược Rất nhiều học sinh chọn phương án này vì nghĩ tỉ lệ đã cho bài là 20%-60% bị đảo thành 60%-20% Tuy nhiên, câu hỏi ta lại đề cập đến đến “higher training”, vì từ reversed đây không hợp lý Ta phải rút nhận định là số phần trăm đó đã tăng mạnh và B là phương án đúng (II) Đề mẫu (Sample): When we were in England last year, I went fishing with my friend, Peter Early in the morning we were sitting quietly by the side of a lake when we had an unpleasant surprise We saw a duck come along with three ducklings paddling cheerfully behind her As we watched them, there was a sudden swirl in the water We caught a glimpse of the vicious jaws of a pike – a fish which is rather like a freshwater shark – and one of the ducklings was dragged below the surface (11) This incident made Peter furious He vowed to catch the pike On three successive mornings we returned to the vicinity and used several different kinds of bait On the thirs day Peter was lucky Using an artificial frog as bait, he managed to hook the monster There was a desperate fight but Peter wa determined to capture the pike and he succeeded When he had got it ashore and killed it, he weighed the fish and found that it scaled nearly thirty pounds – record for that district Why you think Peter was sitting quietly by the lake? A He was watching the ducks C He was waiting for the pike to appear B He wasn’t very talkative D He was fishing Which word in the passage suggests that the duckling were unaware of the danger below them? A three B along C paddling D cheerfully What was Peter’s feelings about the incident two days later? A He caught and killed the pike C He vowed that he would catch the remaining B He remained determined to catch ducklings the pike D He caught a frog and used it as bait for the pike How much was the pike worth? A About thirty pounds C It scaled nearly thirsty pounds B About two hundred and forty dollars D No information What can be the title of the passage? A Mysterious disappearance of C Record pike caught by an angry fisherman ducklings D Huge pike caught by fisherman after desperate B Revenge on a duck struggle at sea CHUYÊN ĐỀ 6: LIÊN TỪ VÀ CỤM GIỚI TỪ Khi làm bài thi đại học các em thường gặp dạng bài chọn từ (hoặc cụm từ) thích hợp để hoàn thành câu, ví dụ: Chọn từ/ cụm từ thích hợp (ứng với A, B, C D) để hoàn thành câu (12) đây: He was offered the job _ his qualifications were poor A despite B in spite of C even though D Whereas Các phương án đã cho là các liên từ cụm giới từ tương đương Chúng có thể là các từ nối when, while, as Nếu các phương án đơn là các liên từ thì các em việc chọn từ có ý nghĩa phù hợp phương pháp thay Khó khăn là các cụm từ phức hợp mà nghĩa chúng lại tương tương Phần 1: Thế nào là liên từ/ cụm giới từ Liên từ là từ, cụm từ dùng để nối từ, cụm từ hay mệnh đề câu câu với Có loại liên từ: Liên từ kết hợp (Coordinating conjunctions) và liên từ phụ thuộc (Subordinating conjunctions) Liên từ kết hợp gồm có: and (và), but (nhưng), both and (vừa vừa, lẫn ), or (hoặc), either or (hoặc hoặc), neither nor (không không ), not only but also (không mà còn ) Các liên từ này nối vế có quan hệ đẳng lập Liên từ phụ thuộc gồm có: when (khi), while (trong khi), before (trước khi), after (sau khi), because (bởi vì), though/ although (mặc dù), if (nếu), so (such) that (quá đến nỗi), so that (để) Các liên từ này nối vế có quan hệ phụ thuộc Một số liên từ nối mệnh đề có thể thay các cụm giới từ tương đương Ví dụ although có thể thay in spite of despite, owing to thay cho because Nhưng lưu ý thay thể liên từ giới từ thì sau nó không còn là mệnh đề mà phải là danh từ/ đại từ/ danh động từ Đề thi đại học thường yêu cầu các em lựa chọn các liên từ/ cụm giới từ Để làm đúng dạng bài này các em phải quan sát xem sau từ cần điền là mệnh đề hay danh từ/ đại từ/ danh động từ Phần 2: Một số liên từ và cụm giới từ thông dụng các đề thi đại học Besides (giới từ) có nghĩa là “bên cạnh” Nó đứng trước danh từ/ đại từ/ danh động từ Ví dụ: Besides doing the cooking I look after the garden (Ngoài việc nấu nướng tôi còn trông nom khu vườn nữa) Besides (trạng từ) có nghĩa là “ngoài ra” Nó thường đứng trước mệnh đề mà có thể sau mệnh đề mà nó giới thiệu Ví dụ: I can’t go now, I’m too busy Besides, my passport is out of date (Tôi không thể bây giờ; tôi bận Ngoài ra, giấy thông hành tôi đã hết hạn) However thường có nghĩa là “nhưng mà, nhiên” Nó có thể liền trước theo sau mệnh đề liền sau từ cụm từ đầu tiên mệnh đề Ví dụ: I’ll offer it to Tom However, he may not want it Otherwise (nếu không, kẻo) Ví dụ: We must be early; otherwise we won’t get a seat (Chúng ta phải sớm; không ta không có chỗ ngồi) Therefore (do đó) dùng thay cho so tiếng Anh trang trọng Nó có thể đứng đầu mệnh đề sau từ, cụm từ đầu tiên trước động từ chính Though, although, even though (mặc dù) thường giới thiệu các mệnh đề nhượng Chú ý sau though, although, even though là các mệnh đề Ví dụ: Though/ although they are expensive, people buy them (Mặc dù chúng đắt giá, người ta mua) In spite of và despite In spite of và despite có nghĩa tương đương với though, although, even though (mặc dù) sau chúng phải là danh từ/ đại từ/ danh động từ Ví dụ: In spite of having no qualifications he got the job (Mặc dù không có chuyên môn gì, xin việc) - Khi chuyến câu trên sang dùng với although thì sau nó phải là mệnh đề: Ví dụ: Although he has no qualifications he got the job Because và because of (bởi vì) - Sau because là mệnh đề: Ví dụ: Because it rained, I didn’t go to school (Bởi vì trời mưa, tôi đã không đến trường) - Sau because of là danh từ/ đại từ/ danh động từ: (13) Ví dụ: I didn’t go to school because of rain Reason why và reason for: (lý do) - Sau reason why là mệnh đề: Ví dụ: The reason why grass is green was a mystery to the little boy (Lý cỏ màu xanh là điều bí ẩn cậu bé) - Sau reason for là danh từ: Ví dụ: The reason for the disaster was engine failure, not human error (Lý thảm họa đó là lỗi động cơ, không phải là sai lầm người) So that (= in order that) và so as to (= in order to) Các cụm từ trên giới thiệu cho mệnh đề cụm từ mục đích Sau so that và in order that là mệnh đề Sau so as to và in order to là động từ nguyên thể Một số cụm giới từ thông dụng: In addition to (Thêm vào đó)/ Instead of (Thay vì)/ On account of (Do cái gì/ vì lý gì)/ On behalf of sb (Đại diện cho ai)/ In accordance with sth (Phù hợp với cái gì)/ According to (Theo, y theo)/ Owing to (Do vì, vì) Samples: Chọn từ/ cụm từ thích hợp (ứng với A, B, C D) để hoàn thành câu sau: _it was raining heavily he went out without a raincoat A In spite B In spite of C However D Although of the committee, I’d like to thank you for your generous donation A According B On behalf C Together D In addition _he wasn’t feeling very well, Mr Graham went to visit his aunt as usual A Although B However C Therefore D Still 4. he had no money for a bus, he had to walk all the way home A For B Thus C So D As _to an accident in the High Street, traffic is moving very slowly on the London Road A Through B Owing C Because D Since Of course I’m a Christian I expect everyone who works here to be a Christian too A since B then C and D but The the disaster was engine failure, not human error A reason by B reason on C reason why D reason for We have to start early we won’t be late A so that B that C because D because of She came in quietly not to wake the baby A as if B so as C such as D if so 10 He was offered the job his qualifications were poor A despite B in spite of C even though D Whereas Đáp án: Chọn từ/ cụm từ thích hợp (ứng với A, B, C D) để hoàn thành câu sau: Key: D Hint: In spite là cụm từ không có nghĩa, in spite of theo sau phải là danh từ/ đại từ/ danh động từ, however không bắt đầu câu độc lập mà không có ngữ cảnh là các câu trước Đáp án câu trên là Although Key: B; On behalf of sth: thay mặt đó – On behalf là đáp án câu Key: A : However, therefore dùng ngữ cảnh câu đứng trước Câu trên mang ý nghĩa nhượng nên đáp án là Although 4Key: D : For = because = as: vì Nhưng for không đứng đầu câu nên đáp án có thể là as Key: B : Cụm từ cố định owing to: vì, vì Key: C ; Since (do, vì), then (sau đó), but (nhưng) không phù hợp với nghĩa câu Đáp án câu là and Key: D : The reason for sth = The reason why + clause: lý cho cái gi Sau reason why phải là mệnh đề nên đáp án câu có thể là reason for (14) Key: A: Because of bị loại vì sau nó phải là danh từ cụm danh từ Xét ý nghĩa câu thì mệnh đề sau là mệnh đề mục đích – so that là đáp án ( Because dùng mệnh đề nguyên nhân, that cho mệnh đề quan hệ và tường thuật) Key: B : so as to + V = in order to + V: để làm gì (chỉ mục đích) 10 Key: B: Câu nhượng với mệnh đề sau liên từ nên even though là đáp án Đáp án bài thi mẫu bài học Các bước làm bài tập hoàn thành câu Câu Key: C Hint: Câu trên có ý là “Miễn là bài viết bạn đọc thì câu trả lời bạn chấp nhận” “Provided that…” nghĩa là “Miễn là, cho là…”, “answer” câu trên dùng thể bị động Vì đáp án đúng là: Provided that your handwriting is legible, your answer will be accepted by any test scorer Câu 2: Key: B Hint: 12.30 hiểu là chuyến tàu lúc 12.30 nên phải có “the” Mặt khác “which” là đại từ quan hệ “the train” nên phải đứng sau từ này Do vậy, đáp án đúng là: The train which Ann caught was the 12.30 Câu 3: Key: C Hint: Câu A và D bị loại vì không hợp nghĩa Câu B và C có cùng ý nghĩa, khác thể (bị động và chủ động) Cấu trúc thường dùng tiếng Anh tả quang cảnh nơi nào đó là “a view of” và ít dùng động từ view thể bị động câu B Trong phương án, C là phương án tối ưu Câu 4: Key: D Hint: Câu trên là câu đơn nên không có đại từ quan hệ “which”, mặt khác ta có cụm to be recommended to sth: khuyến khích làm gì nên “New factories was recommended to open in depressed area.” là đáp án đúng Câu 5: Key: C Hint: Câu trên có ý là “Người đàn ông bị kết án 15 n ăm tù vì b ị ch ứng minh là đã ph ạm t ội” Câu A và D lo ại vì có ngh ĩa không hợp lý (anh ta chứng minh là mình phạm t ội) “To be sentenced to + time” ngh ĩa là b ị k ết án ng ồi tù bao lâu Câu B thiếu giới từ “to” nên C- The man was sentenced to 15 years in prison because he had been proved guilty - là đáp án đúng Bổ ngữ (Động từ không biến vị) Trong tiếng Anh bổ ngữ là khái niệm tương đối phức tạp Có các loại bổ ngữ như: bổ ngữ chủ ngữ; bổ ngữ tân ngữ; bổ ngữ động từ, tính từ Trong bài học ngày hôm Globaledu hệ thống lại cho các em các hình thức động từ với vai trò là bổ ngữ Bổ ngữ là động từ nguyên thể có To Hầu hết các động từ sau đây theo sau nguyên mẫu động từ: Động từ Nghĩa Động từ Nghĩa agree đồng ý tend appear aim attempt bother decide demand determine fail threaten try pretend hesitate có vẻ nhằm cố gắng phiền định yêu cầu định đoạt thất bại dọa cố gắng giả vờ dự seem refuse plan hope long neglect manage learn promise swear volunteer vow có chiều hướng dường từ chối có kế hoạch hi vọng mong mỏi lơ đãng xoay sở học hứa thề tự nguyện dụ dỗ (15) offer allow enable permit request want đề nghị cho phép làm cho có thể cho phép yêu cầu muốn prepare compel encourage persuade oblige need sửa soạn ép buộc khuyến khích thuyết phục buộc phải muốn Các tính từ sau đây theo sau là To infinitive anxious lo lắng eager hăm hở, háo hức pleased hài lòng usual thường xuyên easy dễ (im)possible (không) có khả safe an toàn prepared chuẩn bị common chung dangerous nguy hiểm ready sẵn sàng hard chăm chỉ/ nặng nhọc/ vất vả strange lạ lẫm able có khả likely câu đoán tương lai difficult khó khăn Các cụm từ would like, would love, would hate, would prefer (thích) theo sau là động từ nguyên thể có To Lưu ý: - Need: + Nếu chủ ngữ là người thì sau need là to infinitive + Nếu chủ ngữ là vật thì sau need là V-ing to be + P(II) + In need of + N (cần cái gì) - Dare (dám): có bổ trợ là to sth và sth Sau daren’t (= dare not) thì dùng bổ trợ nguyên thể không có To - Sau các động từ đây ta có thể dùng từ nghi vấn để hỏi (đứng sau động từ đó) và bổ trợ là nguyên thể có to: ask, decide, know, remember, forget, explain, learn, understand, wonder Ví dụ: I don’t know where to go - Sau các động từ đây ta có thể dùng từ để hỏi có tân ngữ kèm và bổ trợ là to infinitive: show, tell, ask, advise, teach Ví dụ: She advised me how to learn English Samples: Chọn từ/ cụm từ thích hợp (ứng với A, B, C D) để hoàn thành câu sau: Would you mind _ me a hand with this bag? A give B giving C to give D to giving Her parents never _ her to go out after eight A made B let C agreed D allowed I regret _ you that we cannot approve your application A inform B to inform C informed D informing There are many Americans who not want others _ in their houses A smoke B to smoke C smoking D to smoking His father doesn’t approve of his _ to Europe A going B to go C to going D gone Helen was anxious _ her family (16) A to tell B tell C to telling D telling I could not help _ when I heard the story A to laugh B laugh C laughed D laughing A laser vaporises the bone without _any of the surrounding tissue A touch B touching C touched D to touch Tom is looking forward to _ his new job on Monday A be starting B be started C start D starting 10 The soldier was punished for _ to obey his commanding officer’s orders A refusing B regretting C objecting D resisting Đáp án: Chọn từ/ cụm từ thích hợp (ứng với A, B, C D) để hoàn thành câu sau: Key: B Hint: Sau mind là Ving Key: D Hint: allow sb (not) to sth: (không) cho phép làm gì Key: B Hint: Với ý nghĩa là lấy làm tiếc phải làm gì ta dùng regret + to sth 4Key: B Hint: want (sb) to sth: muốn (ai) làm gì Key: A Hint: Ving đóng vai trò làm danh từ đặc biệt sau các tính từ sở hữu Key: A Hint: Sau anxious là nguyên thể có to Key: D Hint: Sau can (could) help là Ving Key: B Hint: Sau giới từ là Ving Key: D Hint: Look forward to + Ving 10 Key: A Hint: Sau các động từ regret, object to, resist là Ving Đáp án là refusing vì sau nó là to infinitive READING COMPREHENSION I CLOZE TEST Có thể nói cloze test ( điền vào chỗ trống đoạn văn) là dạng bài tập khó thứ hai sau đọc hiểu Muốn làm tốt dạng này không phải " cong xương sống, cóng xương sườn " để dịch nghĩa mà các em phải biết "ý" (17) người đề qua việc quan sát chọn lựa Một đã biết "ý" người đề thì các em dễ dàng vào đúng trọng tâm để tìm chọn lựa chính xác thời gian ngắn Ví dụ người ta cho từ vựng thì các em phải dịch nghĩa thì làm cho chia động từ mà các em lại ngồi đó mà dịch nghĩa thì vừa thời gian lại không tìm đáp án Sau đây là số dạng thông dụng nội dung điền từ và phương pháp giải 1) Kiểm tra nghĩa từ: - Cách nhận dạng: Nhìn chọn lựa các em thấy có từ có nghĩa hoàn toàn khác ( thông thường cùng loại từ) Two of the most popular kinds of boats are sailboats and speedboats Sailboats use the _ to give them power A water B speed C weather D wind Nhìn chọn lựa là chữ hoàn toàn khác nghĩa - Cách giải quyết: Ngay tên gọi loại này, để giải vần đề có cách là dịch nghĩa Trước tiên dịch thoáng nghĩa chọn lựa quay trở lên dịch đoạn văn Để chọn đáp án đúng, có cần biết nghĩa chữ chủ chốt (key word) có phải dịch nội dung câu ( key sentence) Key word / key sentence có thể phía trước sau chỗ trống cần điền Trở lại ví dụ trên, ta thấy nghĩa các chọn lựa là : A water ( nước) B speed ( tốc độ) C weather ( thời tiết) D wind ( gió ) Suy luận ta thấy key word chính là sailboats, đó sail (= buồm ) định đáp án Buồm liên quan đến gió => chọn D wind 2) Kiểm tra loại từ ( word form) : - Cách nhận dạng: Nhìn chọn lựa các em thấy từ có gốc tương tự khác loại từ Ví dụ:: This is generally because they burn more oil than newer cars, if an old car is not kept in good condition A special B speciality C specializes D specially - Cách giải quyết: Để giải vấn đề này các em phải nhìn trước và sau chỗ trống cần điền suy chỗ đó cần loại từ gì Ở trình độ lớp 12 các em biết cách dùng loại từ rồi, điều đáng lưu ý là cách đoán loại từ qua số dấu hiệu cuối - Trạng từ ( phó từ) : Trạng từ thường có tận cùng là ly có số không có ly mà hình thức giữ nguyên tính từ : hard, late, fast - Tính từ: Cách thông thường để nhận tính từ là thấy chữ nào là kết từ chữ khác bỏ ly Ví dụ ta thấy D specially có ly nên => là trạng từ còn A special ( specially bỏ ly mà thành ) => special là tính từ Nói đến vần đề "bỏ ly" các em lưu ý là tính từ tận là ic thí trước thêm ly phải thêm al trước Ví dụ khác : Gĩa sử có chọn lựa sau mà sau xem xét đề ta biết chỗ trống cần điền là tính từ : A scientifical B scientific C scientifically Ta biết D là trạng từ, chỗ cần điền là tính từ cái còn lại cái nào là tính từ ? không biết nguyên tắc này các em dễ dàng chọn A và bị sai, B chính là tính từ còn A là "cái bẩy" để "dụ" ta mà thôi ) Kiểm tra giới từ : - Cách nhận dạng: Nhìn chọn lựa các em thấy từ là giới từ - Cách giải quyết: Giới từ các em biết cách phân nhóm thì nhẹ nhiều việc phải nhớ chữ Sau đây là số nhóm thường gặp + Thời gian: Giờ : dùng AT/ Buổi : dùng IN / Ngày : dùng ON / Từ tháng trở lên: dùng IN ( in May , in spring, in 2008, in the 19th century.) Nếu có pha trộn nhiều mốc thời gian thì lấy theo đơn vị nhỏ nhất, ví dụ : có ngày, tháng, năm thì lấy theo ngày + Địa điểm: Các địa điểm nhỏ sân bay, sân ga , trạm xe buýt dùng AT Từ quận trở lên dùng IN hết Quận : in district : quận nhất/ Tỉnh, thành: in Dalat city : thành phố DL/ Quốc gia : In Vietnam : VN Châu lục : in Asia : châu á/ Thế giới : In the world : trên giới ( ON the earth ) + Thái độ:TO : (18) Kind to sb : tử tế với / polite to sb : lịch với ai/ Impolite to sb : không lịch với ai/ Rude to sb : thô lổ với Nhớ theo nhóm đã khó, còn đỡ là nhớ chữ Làm học thuộc vô số giới từ ? gặp từ lạ thì làm sao? đây là cách suy luận dựa theo nghĩa giới từ: Đa số giới từ có ý nghĩa nó, ta biết ý nghĩa đó thì có thể suy luận số trường hợp FOR: Giới từ for thường mang ý nghĩa mục đích / Go out for lunch : ngoài để ăn trưa/ For fun, for pleasure AWAY: Giới từ away thường mang ý nghĩa: xa Go away : khỏi/ Run away : bỏ chạy / Take away : lấy / Put away : cất OFF: Giới từ OFF thường mang ý nghĩa: tách rời turn off : tắt (đèn, máy)/ Go off : nổ ( súng), phai (màu)/ Take off : cất cánh ( máy bay), cởi ( quần áo, giáy dép )/ See off : tiễn đưa EXERCISE : Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase Exercise 1: On December 10, 2006, I was going through some hard time The landlady did not want to release the house any more so I had to (1) _ and only had one month to find a place Because Christmas was coming and it was difficult for me to (2) _ a suitable accommodation I had only some money (3) _ I could not buy a Christmas tree and some presents for my three boys, (4) _ I had to use the money to find a place to live Tome, it broke my heart as I could not prepare the Christmas for my three boys I have been their only parent since my husband (5) _ away two years ago I was so sad and everything was getting on my nerves Although I managed to solve the problem myself I could not help (6) _ my sons about the things When I suddenly woke up at midnight, I found my eldest son was sitting (7) _me He kissed me and said, "Don't worry, Mum We love you very much and always stand by you (8) happens." At the moment I started weeping, grabbed him and kissed him His words and love made me (9) _ all about what I was stressing about In fact ever since that moment, I have realized that I can overcome any problems thanks to my sons' love The most important thing of my life is that my boys are safe and healthy, and they bring me joy all the time The memory (10) _ me that nothing really matters, when I have the love of my children A transfer B convert C move D change A notice B watch C find D see A leave B to leave C leaving D left A because B although C as though D if A passes B passed C has passed D was passing A tell B to tell C told D telling A by B next C over D up A whenever B whatever C whoever D however A forget B to forget C forgot D forgetting 10 A remembers B minds C reminds D misses Exercise 2: Most Americans eat three meals (1) the day: breakfast, lunch, and dinner Breakfast begins between 7:00 and 8:00am, lunch between 11:00 am and noon, and dinner between 6:00 and 8:00 pm On Sundays "brunch" is a (2) of breakfast and lunch, typically beginning at 11:00 am Students often enjoy a "study break" or evening snack around 10:00 or 11:00 pm Breakfast and lunch tend to be light meals, with only one (3) Dinner is the main meal (4) breakfast Americans will eat cereal with milk which are often mixed (5) in a bowl, a glass of orange juice, and toasted bread or muffin with jam, butter, or margarine Another common breakfast meal is scrambled eggs or (6) omelet with potatoes and breakfast meat (bacon or sausage) People who are on (7) eat just a cup of yogurt Lunch and dinner are more (8) When eating at a formal dinner, you may be overwhelmed by the number of utensils How you (9) the difference between a salad fork, a butter fork, and a dessert fork? Most Americans not know the answer (10) But knowing which fork or spoon to use first is simple: use the outermost utensils first and the utensils closest to the plate last A in B for C on D during A addition B connection C combination D attachment A course B food C menu D goods A For B In C At D With (19) A each other B together C one another D others A a B an C the D no article A holiday B engagement C diet D duty A vary B variety C varied D variously A say B talk C speak D tell 10 A too B either C so D neither Exercise 3: In Korea, in former days the marriage between a man and woman represented the joining of two families, rather (1) the joining of two individuals The event (2) Taerye (Great Ritual), and people from all over the village or neighborhood participated The ceremonies and events surrounding the actual marriage were long and (3) Professional matchmakers paired up likely candidates for marriage, with the new couple often meeting for the first time at their wedding! The families considered many factors in the decision, consulting with fortune tellers for (4) about the couple's future life together During the Chosun period, people married (5) their early teens, with the girl often being several years older than the boy The groom usually traveled to the house of the bride for the ceremony, then stayed there for three days (6) taking his new bride to his family's home The actual ceremony involved many small rituals, with many bows and symbolic gestures The (7) were expected to control their emotions and remain somber (8) Koreans have kept several aspects of the traditional ceremony, most modern ceremonies resemble Western marriage ceremonies more than (9) Korean ones However, many folk villages and museums across the country regularly perform ceremonies to (10) the traditions alive A as B more C than D more than A is often called B often called C was often called D has often called A elaborate B elaborately C elaboration D elaborateness A predictions b attentions C situations D evaluations A for B in C on D from A soon B ago C before D then a examiners B competitors C contests D participants A As B Although C As though D If only A traditional B old C ancient D antique 10 A catch B hold C grip D keep Exercise 4: In the western customs (1) _ hands is the customary form of greeting, but in China a nod of the head or (2) _ bow is sufficient Hugging and kissing when greeting are uncommon Business cards are often (3) _ and yours should be printed in your own language and in Chinese Also, it is more respectful to present your card or a gift or -any other article using (4) _ hands The Chinese are (5) _ applauders You may be greeted with group clapping, even by small children When a person is applauded in this practice it is the custom for that person to return the applause or a "thank you." When walking in public places, direct eye (6) _ and staring is uncommon in the larger cities, especially in those areas accustomed to foreign visitors (7) _, in smaller communities, visitors may be the subject of much curiosity and therefore you may notice some stares (8) _ speaking, the Chinese are not a touch-oriented society, especially true for visitors So, avoid (9) _ or any prolonged form of body contact Public displays of affection are very rare On the other hand, you may note people of the same sex walking hand-in-hand, which is simply a gesture of friendship Do not worry about a bit of pushing and shoving in stores or when groups board public buses or trains In this case, (10) _ are neither offered or expected The Chinese will stand much closer than Westerners A taking B shaking C grasping D hugging A small B bit C slight D light A exchanged B changed C transferred D converted A pair B couple C double D both A enthusiast B enthusiastic C enthusiasm D enthusiastically A contact B look C stare D watch A Moreover B Furthermore C However D Whatever A Generally B Successfully C Fortunately D Expectedly A touch B to touch C touched D touching 10 A Contacts B Apologies C Gestures D Saying goodbye (20) Exercise 5: Vietnam is considered a third world country, its people live (1) _ poverty by the millions After the (2) _, Vietnam's economy remained dominated by small-scale production, low labor productivity, (3) _, material and technological shortfalls, and insufficient food and (4) _ goods The Doi Moi reforms that were instated in 1986 have shed new light and added new features to the Vietnamese economy (5) Vietnamese Communist Party plays a leading role in establishing the foundations and principles of communism, mapping strategies for economic development, setting growth targets, and (6) _ reforms Doi Moi combined government planning with free-market incentives and (7) _ the establishment of private businesses and foreign investment, including foreign-owned enterprises By the late 1990s, the success of the business and agricultural reforms ushered in under Doi Moi was evident (8) _ than 30,000 private businesses had been created, and the economy was growing at an annual (9) _ of more than percent Farming systems research and the international development projects are a source of new hope for the people of Vietnam If these recent projects are successful and Doi Moi continues on its current path the Vietnamese people may (10) _ a new standard of living More reforms like Doi Moi need to take place in order to create a more stable Vietnamese future A for B in C on D of A liberate B liberation C liberator D liberal A application B salary C profession D unemployment A consumer B producer C spender D manufacturer A A B An C The D Ø A launching B flying C sending D raising A found B promised C required D encouraged A Much B More C As D As more A rate B level C standard D step 10 A come B approach C reach D arrive Exercise 6: Vietnam's economy expanded this year (2007) at the fastest pace since 1996, led by manufacturing and services, after the country (1) _ the World Trade Organization Gross domestic product (GDP) increased 8.5 percent Foreign direct (2) jumped to more than $20 billion this year, from $12 billion in 2006 The government is quite (3) _ to its economic reforms Industry and construction account (4) _ almost 42 percent of Vietnam's GDP Manufacturing grew 12.8 percent, construction increased 12 percent, and the hotel and restaurant (5) _ expanded 12.7 percent, according to today's release Going forward, Vietnam has a lot of (6) _ for tourism, which expects Vietnam's economy to expand 8.5 percent in 2008 Vietnam's January (7) _ to the World Trade Organization released it (8) _, U.S quotas on textile exports and detailed market access to be given to overseas companies, helping economic (9) _ The government is targeting economic expansion of about percent next year Vietnam is an economy with much development potential and (10) _ attractive destination for international investors A struggled B organized C held D joined A invest B investable C investment D investor A committed B excited C called D encouraged A over B for C at D in A role B region C sector D section A potential B private C stagnancy D exports A walk A path C way D accession A in B at C for D from A grow B growth C grew D grown 10 A a B an C the D Ø Exercise 7: Economic issues have occupied people's minds throughout the ages Aristotle and Plato in ancient Greece wrote about problems of wealth, property, and (1) _ Both of them were against commerce, feeling that to live by trade was undesirable The Romans borrowed their economic ideas from the Greeks and showed the same contempt for trade During the Middle Ages, the economic ideas of the Roman (2) _ commerce as inferior to agriculture The development of modern nations during (3) _ 16th century made many people to pay (4) _ to the problem (21) of increasing the wealth and (5) _ of individuals The economic policy of the leaders of that time was to (6) _ national self-sufficiency Gold and silver were regarded as an index of national power Several powerful countries, such as England and Spain, were trying to expand their colonies and to (7) _ the gold and silver mines from there Many countries were always ready to plunge into a new war for gold and silver mines It was necessary for a nation to keep wages low and the population large and growing A large, ill-paid population (8) _ more goods to sell at low prices to foreigners It also followed that the earlier that children began to work, the better it was for their country's prosperity One writer had a plan for children of the poor: "(9) _ the children are four years old, they should be sent to the workhouse, taught to read two hours a day, and kept fully employed the rest of the time in any of the manufactures of the house which best suits their age, (10) _ and capacity A medicine B philosophy C education D trade A regarded B chose C selected D wondered A a B an C the D Ø A attention B interest C showing D expression A power B powerful C powerfully D powered A rise B encourage C recover D pull A research B create C invent D exploit A invest B restructured C inflated D produced A While B When C Although D Since 10 A standard B property C health D wealth Exercise 8: Robots are already a part of our lives Industrial robots widely used in manufacturing Military and police organizations use robots to (1) _ in dangerous situations Robots can (2) _ be found from vacuuming the floors in your home to exploring the surface of Mars Within a few more years a whole host of robotic adaptations will be running many aspects' of our lives "I think in (3) _ next thirty years, we are going to see a transformation between the industrial sorts of robots to personal robots," says Brooks from Brooks' company, Robot, markets floor cleaning robots for homes "The advances in robotics make it clear that many household (4) will be easily handled by a robot in the near future," says Bob Christopher, who works for a robotic technology company that is marketing a toy robot (5) _ Pleo "We have only one child but I could easily (6) _ five or six robots in the home as well." Within the next 10 years one will be able to (7) _, to lease or purchase a domestic robot that not only does the household cleaning and prepare and serve his meals, (8) _ also can carry him to the bathtub if he cannot walk Demographic changes, such as a rapidly aging population and a shrinking workforce, will drive forward the application of new (9) _ There is going to be a real pull for increasing the productivity of working age people So there is going to be a real push for robotics to help people (10) _ addition it is likely that in the near future we will see robots- taking on some of the care functions elderly, or long-term ill people A assist B increase C make D create A so B either C too D also A a B an C the D Ø A aspects B chores C works D jobs A which called B called C calling D that called A hope B think C imagine D look A afford B attain C offer D affect A either B as C and D but A technology B technological C technique D technician 10 A At B In C For D With Exercise 9: Over the next 20 to 50 years, it will become harder to tell the (1) _ between the human and the machine All, body (2) _ will be replaceable Computers will function like the human (3) _ with the ability to recognize feelings and respond in a feeling way They will then produce fake people We will then be able to create a machine duplicate of ourselves (4) _ we will appear to be alive long after we are dead Maybe a few decades later, a way will be found to transfer our spirit, including our (5) _ and thoughts, to the new body Then we can choose to live for as (6) _ as we want It might be expensive When it becomes possible to a spirit (22) transfer, they will figure out (7) _ to them automatically So we will be able to reside within whichever duplicate we want, whenever we want Miniature robots will be built to travel through your blood (8) _ and repair damage Also, larger robots will be used when you are sick When you have an upset stomach, you will (9) _ a very small cherry tasting robot which will travel through your stomach taking video of the mess It will be set up like a video game, so you can control the exploring and the selection of images Then you can replay the video to help a doctor (10) _ your illness, or to prove to your employer that you really, were sick A variety B change C difference D appearance A region B place C role D parts A brain B limb C skull D liver A such B as C so D but A experience B memories C actions D health long B far C much D soon A what B when C why D how A line B creek C stream D river A swallow B chew C vomit D drink 10 A notice B diagnose C watch D observ Exercise 10: Market trends suggest that the demand for energy resources will (1) _ dramatically over the next 25 years: Global demand for all energy sources is (2) _ to grow by 57% over the next 25 years.U.S demand for all types of energy is expected (3) _ by 31% within 25 years By 2030, 56% of the world's energy use will be in Asia Electricity demand in the U.S will grow by at (4) 40% by 2032 New power generation equal (5) _ nearly 300 power plants will be needed to (6) _ electricity demand by 2030 Currently, 50% of U.S electrical generation relies on coal, (7) _ fossil fuel; while 85% of U.S greenhouse gas (8) _ result from energyconsuming activities supported by fossil fuels If energy prices also go (9) _ dramatically due to increased demand and constrained supply, business impacts may include: Reduced profits due to high operating costs, Decline of sales of energy-using products, and Loss of (10) _ in energy intensive businesses A raise B rise C wipe D soar A encouraged B depended C forecast D broadcast A increase B to increase C increased D increasing A last B late C less D least A to B at C for D of A see B notice C look D meet A a B an C the D Ø A inventions B developments C emissions D evolutions A over B off C ahead D up 10 A compete B competitive C competitiveness D competitively Exercise 11: Desert biomes are the (1) _ of all the biomes In fact, the most important characteristic of a desert is that it receives very little (2) _ Most deserts receive less than 300 mm a year compared (3) rainforests, which receive over 2,000 mm That means that the desert only gets 10 percent of the rain that a rainforest gets! The temperature in the desert can (4) _ drastically from day to night because the air is (5) _ dry that heat escapes rapidly at night The daytime temperature averages 38°C (6) _ in some deserts it can get down to -4°C at night The temperature also varies greatly depending on the (7) _ of the desert Since desert conditions are so severe, the plants that live there need to have (8) _ to compensate for the lack of water Some plants, such as cacti, (9) _ water in their stems and use it very slowly, while others like bushes conserve water by growing few leaves or by having large root systems to gather water or few leaves Some desert plant species have a short life cycle of a few weeks that (10) _ only during periods of rain A coldest B hottest C driest D wettest A rain B rainfall C raindrop D raincoat A with B for C about D in A change B exchange C transform D transfer A such as B such C so much D so when B while C as D because (23) A part B region C area D location A adaptations B agreements C accepts D achievements A place B put C store D hold 10 A spend B take C last D experience Exercise 12 Most traditional human life in deserts is nomadic It (1) in hot deserts on finding water, and on following infrequent rains to (2) grazing for livestock In cold deserts, it depends on finding good hunting and fishing grounds, on sheltering from blizzards and winter (3) , and on storing enough food for winter Permanent settlement in both kinds of deserts requires permanent water, food sources and adequate shelter, or the technology and energy sources to (4) _ it Many deserts are flat and featureless, lacking landmarks, or composed of repeating landforms such as sand (5) or the jumbled ice-fields of glaciers Advanced skills or devices are required to navigate through such landscapes and (6) _ travelers may die when supplies run (7) after becoming lost In addition, sandstorms or blizzards may cause disorientation in severely-reduced visibility The (8) represented by wild animals in deserts has featured in explorers' accounts but does not cause higher (9) of death than in other environments such as rainforests or savanna woodland, and generally does not affect human distribution Defense against polar bears may be advisable in some areas of the Arctic Precautions against snakes and scorpions in choosing (10) at which to camp in some hot deserts should be taken A locates B selects C follows D depends A earn B demand C obtain D require A extremes B poles C tops D heights A grow B supply C comfort D bring A dunes B piles C valleys D stores A inconsistent B incapable C inexperienced D independent A of B out C in D over A danger B dangerous C endanger D endangered A level B rate C scale D standard 10 A sight B lies C sites D seats Exercise 13: The Middle East and North Africa are one of the driest regions on earth Nearly two-thirds of the region is desert The Sahara Desert of northern Africa is the largest desert in the world Desert air (1) _ little moisture, so few clouds form over the land Without clouds to block the sun, temperatures may reach as (2) as 125°F during the day At night, without the clouds to contain the heat, the temperature can fall to as low as 125°F Extreme temperatures (3) with little rainfall make desert life difficult for people, plants, and animals (4) , some life forms have adapted to even the most severe desert (5) , Camels are able to survive long periods without food or water Many desert plants have long, shallow (6) systems This allows the plants to reach out to collect water over great distances Other desert plants have taproots Taproots grow very deep (7) they can tap sources of underground water Plant life in the desert is usually spread out over great distances This is (8) deserts are often described as barren, or lifeless When many people think of a desert they often think of endless miles of hot sand, but a desert does not have to be hot or sandy Most of the land of the Middle East and North Africa is hot, dry desert land, (9) some deserts look very different Most of Antarctica is a desert but there is no sand on the continent and the climate of Antarctica is (10) coldest on earth A contains B comprises C consists D includes A much B far C long D high A locate B combine C explore D separate A Therefore B So C However D But A environment B place C society D atmosphere A leave B bark C root D branch A as B because C but D so A what B why C how D when A since B as C so D but (24) 10 A a B an C the D Ø Exercise 14: In 1973, when the tiger appeared to be (1) _ extinction, the World Wild fund for Nature and the Indian government agreed to (2) _ “Operation Tiger”-a campaign to (3) _ this threatened creature They started by creating nine special parks (4) _ tiger could live in safety The first was at Ranthambhore, a region which was quickly turning into a desert (5) _ too much of the grass was being eaten by the local people’s cattle At the time there were fourteen tigers left there The government had to clear twelve small villages, which meant (6) _ 1,000 people and 10,000 cattle so the land could be handed back to (7) _ Today, Ranthambhore is a very different place, with grass tall (8) _ for tigers to hide in, and there are now at least forty of them in the park, wandering freely about Other animals have also (9) _ The people who were moved are now living in better conditions They live in new villages away from the tiger park, with schools, temples and fresh water supplies There are now sixteen such tiger parks in India and the animal’s future looks a little (10) A meeting B going C facing D looking A set up B keep on C carry on D look for A kill B raise C hide D save A despite B so that C as if D although A though B because C when D because of A moving B cutting C cleaning D keeping A family B origin C nature D homeland A such B enough C too D so A acted B protected C defended D benefited 10 A safer B worried C healthier D dangerous Exercise 15: Nearly 200 of the 1500 native plant species in Hawaii are at risk of going extinct in the near future because they have been (1) _ to such low numbers Approximately 90 percent of Hawaii's plants are found nowhere else in the world but they are (2) _ by alien invasive species such as feral goats, pigs, rodents and non- (3) _ plants The Hawaii Rare Plant Restoration Group is striving to (4) _ the extinction of the 182 rare Hawaiian plants with fewer than 50 individuals remaining in the (5) _ Since 1990, (6) _ a result of their 'Plant Extinction Prevention Program', sixteen species have been brought into (7) _ and three species have been reintroduced Invasive weeds have been removed in key areas and fencing put up in order to (8) _ plants in the wild In the future the Hawaii Rare Plant Restoration Program aims (9) _ collecting genetic material from the remaining plants in the wild for storage as a safety net for the future They also aim to manage wild populations and where possible reintroduce species into (10) _ A disappeared B reduced C increased D developed A guarded B invested C conserved D threatened A nation B native C national D nationally A prevent B encourage C stimulate D influence A wild B atmosphere C hole D sky A so B due C as D but A contamination B production C cultivation D generation A derive B vary C remain D protect A at B for C with D on 10 A shelters B reserves C gardens D halls Exercise 16: WHY READ BOOKS? Is it worth reading books, (1) _ nowadays there are so many other forms of (2) _ ? Some people say that even (3) _ books are expensive, and not everyone can borrow books from a library They may add that television is more exciting and that (4) _ can relax as they watch their favourite program All that may be true, but books are still very (5) _ They encourage the readers to use his or her imagination for a start A since B while C but D because A enjoying B playing C entertainment D performance (25) A new A audience A popular B latest B viewers B widespread C rare C spectators C extended D paperback D participants D common Exercise 17: Making time to read is something we all know we (1) do, but who schedules book reading time every day? There are very few That is why adding book reading to your daily schedule and sticking to it can improve discipline Books are (2) You can take them almost anywhere As such, you can learn almost anywhere too By reading more books and exposing yourself (3) new and more complete information, you will also be able to come up with more (4) ideas When you have read so many books on the subject, you can combine lessons from all of them into new (5) Reading gives you something to talk about Have you ever (6) out of things to talk about with your best friend, wife or husband? This can be uncomfortable It (7) even make married couples wonder if their marriage is in trouble (8) , if you read a lot of books, you will always have something to talk about You can discuss various plots in the novels you read, you can discuss the things you are learning in the business books you are reading as well The possibilities of sharing are endless Bocks are inexpensive (9) to help you reduces stress Many readers relax by reading Compared with the person who gets home from work and immediately (10) on the TV news, you are going from work stress to crime stress TV as a source of relaxation is too full of loud commercials and fast moving violent images If relaxation is something you want, turn off the TV or computer and pick up a book A should B mustn't C needn't D might A durable B portable C changeable D capable A for B with C on D to A disapproved B dull C creative D required A solutions B problems C troubles D difficulties A put B had C walked D run A should B might C need D must A So B Therefore C However D Although A entertainment B tension C machinery D media 10 A gets B turns C takes D makes Exercise 18: Kite surfing is a (1) which is rapidly becoming more and more popular, especial in places like Australia that have big beaches and plenty of sun It’s a (2) _ of other similar activities because you have to use a very powerful kite to pull you along the water (3) _ you balance on a type of surfboard It is very complicated because you have to learn how to manage the kite in the winds to keep power and also how to (4) _ the surfboard across the water so you don’t fall away! Just as in skateboarding you can complicated moves (5) _ as jumping However, one reason its popularity may be limited is that you need to spend a lot of money to (6) _ started The board and kite can be very expensive It is also essential for beginners to have lessons from a proper (7) _and these lessons are not cheap There is a lot to learn about getting going, turning and all the safty (8) _ You need to be very fit and have quite a lot of strength to it as it (9) _ up a lot of energy It is probably better for most of us to watch videos of people doing kite surfing (10) _ than to actually try it ourselves A play B game C sport D display A cross B collection C connection D combination A as B since C during D whereas A drive B ride C travel D progress A same B similar C like D such A be B get C go D become A guide B master C instructor D demonstrate A points B notes C marks D stages A runs B fills C uses D brings 10 A rather B better C prefer D instead Exercise 19: (26) Sailing or boating may seem to be very interesting with the high level of technical elements (1) _ in the sport Whether you choose a small (2) _ or a catamaran, whether you choose lake or ocean sailing, there are (3) _ number of things you need to master before you can start enjoying the pure (4) _ of being on the water Getting the sailing skills which you need to start sailing your own boat is easy if you just sign up with a sailing school You can learn to sail (5) _ any age There are no (6) The best schools and instructors will teach you all you need to know about sailing in a friendly and pleasant manner As with all sports, sailing will get you into (7) _ with new friends There is a closeness that develops out at sea, however, (8) _ not many other sports have Being on the water in any capacity demands a healthy outlook and way of life Sailing and boating are two sports that (9) _ all our senses to be at their peak Sailing calls upon physical strength, intelligence and intuition It is one sport that allows you to leave all your daily concerns and (10) _ back on the land and to be off with only your bare self A invented B consisted C involved D contained A fleet B submarine C ferry D boat A a B an C the D Ø A please B pleasure C pleasant D pleasantly A with B at C in D for A investment B disappearance C discoveries D restrictions A allowance B pace C contact D keeping A which B that C when D whom A ask B say C tell D demand 10 A cultures B habits C traditions D customs Exercise 20: The 24th Southeast Asian Games was (1) _ in Thailand from December to December 16, 2007 The Thai Olympic Committee was (2) _ the event to coincide with the commemoration of 80th birthday of King Bhumibol Adulyadej Officials were studying the possibility of doing the events in multiple venues (3) _ what had been done in Vietnam and the Philippines It was (4) _ sixth time Thailand hosted the SEA Games Thailand hosted the 1959, 1967, 1975, 1985 and 1995 SEA Games On 24 February 2006, northeast Thailand's Province authorities met to (5) _ the 2007 SEA Games schedule, and progress on the province's under-construction US$65 million sports complex The meeting provided an overview of (6) _, and ended with reassurances that everything would be ready (7) _ SEA Games in 2007 The sports (8) included a 5,000-seater indoor stadium and 16 tennis court facilities among other facilities scheduled to be finished on June 2007 The 2007 SEA Games featured (9) _ than 400 events in 45 sports The 24th edition of the games had the highest number of sporting events in the entire (50) _ of the SEA Games, more events than the Asian Games and the Olympic Games A held B met C seen D committed A winning B competing C fighting D planning A such as B as C likely D like A a B an C the D Ø A talk B discuss C tell D quarrel A facilities B tools C materials D furniture A at B on C with D for A places B halls C venues D homes A rather B more C better D as 10 A history B ancient C former D time Exercise 21: Among the total of 1,200 volunteers serving the SEA Games 22 in Ho Chi Minh City, nearly 1,000 are students (1) _ universities, colleges, technical schools Besides that, 6,000 cheer people are also in the training session to serve the SEA Games SEA Games 22 will (2) from the end of November, beginning with football, to nearly the middle of December This is also the time (3) _ students to revision and (4) _ for their first semester test In order to provide advantageous (5) _ to volunteers and students to (6) _ on their tasks in SEA Games 22, (27) City Youth Union is trying to solve this problem At present, the volunteers are both studying and participating in the training sessions to prepare themselves for SEA Games 22 at (7) _ same time However, at the peak of late November and mid December, the organizers will have plans to assist them and suggest schools and universities offer the time priority to the volunteers helping them serve the Games (8) _ efficiently Schools and universities really have the concern -on this matter and will (9) _ the examination schedules for volunteers till the end of the SEA Games (10) _ the time being, the volunteers can assure their time in class and at technical training session, mainly on every Saturday and Sunday It is hopeful that the volunteers will have comfort to serve SEA Games 22 wholeheartedly A at B in C for D into A host B commence C enjoy D participate A where B which C that D when A prepare B carry C take D gain A achievements B promotions C conditions D circumstances A intend B focus C contribute D attend A a B an C the D Ø A more B as C the most D most A keep away B go up C take on D put off 10 A On B For C At D In Exercise 22: That is a program of Ho Chi Minh City Youth Union to (1) _ individuals, domestic and foreign organizations buy and use bicycles during the time (2) _ they enjoy the SEA Games 22 in Ho Chi Minh City then donate the bicycles to poor children Preparing (3) _, this program, the Organizing Committee has signed a (4) _ with Martin - a bicyclemaking firm - to purchase 1,000 bicycles, at prices from 850,000 to 1,000,000 VND per bicycle -10% (5) _ than market prices, with nearly 20 different models In the mid of November, The Organizing Committee will announce, promote, and (6) _ the program "SEA Games Iron Horses - For Poor Children" through (7) _ at airport, on buses, taxis, at information desks, posters, banners, newspapers, and websites of city Youth Union Besides 1,200 volunteers (8) _ the SEA Games 22, the Organizing Committee also recruits 100 active volunteers for this program to handle the handover and receiving bikes, instructing participating tourists, giving (9) _ to questions through hot lines This program both conveys practical significance and helps international friends to understand further the nation and people of Viet, Nam as well as strengthen the friendship and (10) _ among nations A require B contribute C encourage D raise A where B which C that D when A for B on C of D about A document B contract C letter D report A low B lower C the lower D the lowest A public B publicly C publicizing D publicize A book B tickets C leaflets D sheets A serving B taking C running D hosting A enquiries B letters C responses D demands 10 A cooperation B participation C achievement D success Exercise 23: The United Nations Children's Fund, or UNICEF, was (1) _ by the United Nations General Assembly on December 11, 1946, to provide emergency Food and (2) _ to children in 'countries that had been devastated by World War II In 1953, UNICEF became a permanent part of the United Nations System and its name was shortened from the (3) _ United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund but it has continued to be known by the popular acronym based on this old name (4) _ in New York City, UNICEF provides long-term humanitarian and developmental assistance to' children and mother in developing countries UNICEF is currently focused (5) _ five primary priorities: Child Survival and Development, Basic Education and Gender Equality, including girl's education, Child protection from (6) _, exploitation, and abuse, HIV/AIDS and children, and Policy advocacy and partnerships for children's rights Related areas of UNICEF action include early childhood development, adolescence development and participation; life skills based education and child rights all over the world (28) A (7) _ funded agency, UNICEF relies on contributions from governments and private (8) _ Its programs emphasize developing community-level services to promote the health and well-being of children Recently, UNICEF has begun partnerships with world-class athletes and teams to promote the organization's work and to (9) _ funds UNICEF greeting cards are sold worldwide to support efforts on behalf of children creating a better world where children are happy, healthy and live in dignity UNICEF selects suitable paintings for reproduction from contemporary artists Total income to UNICEF for 2006 was $2,781,000,000 UNICEF was (10) _ the Nobel Peace Prize in 1965 and Prince of Asturias Award of Concord in 2006 UNICEF is present in 190 countries and territories around the world A taken off B set up C paid on D pushed back A instrument B projects C work D healthcare A original B ancestor C old D relatives A Managed B Led C Headquartered D Committed A at B with C on D in A violence B fun C excitement D entertainment A volunteer B volunteered C voluntary D voluntarily A persons B patients C donors D victims A rise B raise C lift D heighten 10 A complimented B awarded C won D taken Exercise 24: UNICEF (The United Nations Children’s Fund) is mandated by the United Nations General Assembly to advocate for the (1) _ of children's rights, to help meet their basic needs and to expand their opportunities to reach their full potential UNICEF is guided by the Convention on the Rights of the Child and (2) _ to establish children's rights as enduring ethical principles and international standards of (3) _ towards children UNICEF (4) _ that the survival, protection and development of children are universal development UNICEF mobilizes political will and material (5) _ to help countries, particularly developing countries, ensure a "first call for children" and to, build their capacity to form appropriate policies and (6) _ services for children and their families VNICEF is committed to ensuring special protection for (7) _ most disadvantaged children victims of war, disasters, extreme poverty, all forms of violence and (8) _ and those with disabilities UNICEF responds in emergencies to protect the rights of children In coordination with United Nations partners and humanitarian agencies, UNICEF makes its unique facilities for rapid response available to its partners to (9) _ the suffering of children and those who provide their care UNICEF is non-partisan and its cooperation is free from discrimination In everything it does, the most disadvantaged children and the countries in greatest need have priority UNICEF (10) _, through its country programs, to promote the equal rights of women and girls and to support their full participation in the political, social, and economic development of their communities A protest B destruction C protection D achievement A admits B suggests C adopts D tries A poverty B behavior C medicine D injure A insists B devotes C treats D mounts A sources B mines C budgets D funds A care B appeal C supply D react A a B an C the D Ø A exploit B exploited C exploiter D exploitation A rise B relieve C increase D lower 10 A throws B looks C aims D points Exercise 25: Under the global "health for all" strategy, WHO (the World Health Organization) and its members have placed special emphasis (1) _ the developing countries Nevertheless, the benefits of WHO's international health work are benefited by all countries, including the most developed ones For example, all nations have benefited from their contributions to the WHO programs that led to the global (2) _ of smallpox and to better and cheaper ways of controlling tuberculosis (3) _ is a key word in WHO's programs The organization believes that immunization, (4) _ prevents the six major diseases of childhood-diphtheria, measles, poliomyelitis, tetanus, tuberculosis, and whooping coughshould be (5) _ to all children who need it WHO is leading a worldwide campaign to provide effective immunization for all children in (6) _ with UNICEF Provision of safe drinking water for all is one of the (29) objectives of the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in 1980 and (7) _ by WHO WHO is also active in international efforts to combat the diarrheal diseases, killers of infants and young children The widespread introduction of oral rehydration salts, together with improved drinking water supply and sanitation will greatly reduce childhood mortality from diarrhea WHO's program for primary health (8) _ comprises eight essential elements: education concerning prevalent health problems and the methods of preventing and controlling them; promotion of food supply and proper nutrition; maintenance of (9) _ adequate supply of safe water and basic sanitation; provision of maternal and child health care, including family planning; immunization against the major (10) _ diseases; prevention and control of locally endemic diseases; appropriate treatment of common diseases and injuries; and provision of essential drugs These eight elements were defined in the Declaration of Alma-Ata, which emerged from the International Conference, on Primary Health Care in 1978 A on B in C for D with A campaign B spread C eradication D epidemic A Prevent B Prevention C Preventable D Prevented A whom B whose C that D which A prepared B concerned C interested D available A organization B establishment C cooperation D protection A supported B related C treated D attracted A attention B care C medicine D danger A a B an C the D Ø 10 A infect B infected C infectious D infection Exercise 26: (1) _ history, women have always aimed for a recognized place in (2) _ Guided by their own (3) _ of knowledge and expertise, women like Marie Curie in science, Mary Wollstonecraft in literary writing, Simone de Beauvois in philosophical existentialist debate, and Marie Stopes, in medicine, to name a few, have brought about (4) _ awareness of the role of women in any walks of life These women have helped redefine and (5) _ the nature of women's place in society Today the (6) _ of global women's organizations and the impact of women's contributions (7) _ society show that progress has been made and the progress in furthering the role of women in society has been some benefit to the (8) _ woman It is true to say that not all women have the same need The need of the woman who stays at home and (9) _ children will differ widely from the woman who works outside Nonetheless, in the extensive field of equal opportunities, it would be good to know that access is given to both with equal measure according to the true value of respective abilities It also would be good to know that the woman at home is recognized as a valued (10) _ of society just as much as the one who deals on business outside the home A Among B Throughout C During D Upon A society B social C socialize D socialist A region B farm C field D path A a B an C the D no article A gain B encourage C force D consolidate A right B belief C limit D spread A on B for C to D at A own B private C individual D personal A rises B raises C increases D lift 10 A party B competitor C partner D member Exercise 27: In the 1960s the women's liberation movement (1) _ suddenly into the public consciousness and quickly grew into (2) _ largest social movement in the history of the United States Women's liberation movement was a continuation of the 19th-century women's rights movement The movement's major (3) _ has included not only legal, economic, and political gains (4) _ also has changed the ways in which people live, dress, dream of their future, and (5) _ a living About health, for example, many male physicians and hospital have (30) made major improvements in the (6) _ of women; more and more women have become doctors and succeeded (7) _ their medical research; and diseases such as breast cancer, which affects many women, now receive better funding and treatment, thanks to women's (8) _ Feminists have insisted that violence against women become a political issue The women's liberation movement has also made changes in education: curricula and (9) _ have been written to promote equal opportunity for girls and women; more and more female students are admitted to universities and professional schools The women's liberation movement brought about a radical change in society (10) _ it took a decade for the movement to reach women's awareness A dated B originated C introduced D burst A a B an C the D Ø A achievement B civilization C status D power A with B either C and D but A put B make C get D take A vote B employment C position D treatment A in B to C for D with A role B limit C efforts D ability A textbooks B novels C picture books D magazines 10 A because B if only C as D although Exercise 28: Years ago, in their private family role, women quite often dominate the male members of the household Women were quite (1) _ to their families However, the public role of women has changed (2) _ since the beginning of World War II During the war, men were away from home to the battle As a (3) , women were in complete control of the home They found themselves doing double and sometimes triple (4) _ They began to take over the work of their absent husbands and to work outside They accounted for 73% of the industrial labor force Women were forced by economic realities to work in the factories The women who worked there were (5) _ low wages, lived in crowded and small dormitories (6) _, they found themselves a place as active members of society Women, although they were ruthlessly exploited, became the key to the country's success The feminist movement seems to have been (7) _ important part in the demands (8) _ women Equal Rights The movement tends to have a way of changing men and women and their roles in society It often redefines the role of women in society Inventions, too, bring progress in society as (9) _ as to the individual's life In the late nineteenth century the invention of the typewriter gave women a new skill and a job outside the home The Suffragettes in the turn of the century has become a (10) _ for most women to be engaged in equality A fascinated B worried C dedicated D interested A unfortunately B approximately C nearly D dramatically A change B result C success D opportunity A duty B job C requirement D career A made B paid C created D delivered A Because B Therefore C However D So A a B an C the D Ø A for B in C with D against A much B long C soon D well 10 A present B souvenir C symbol D role Exercise 29: ASEAN Handicraft Promotion and Development Association (AHPADA) was established as a result of a Workshop on Handicraft for Export which was (1) _ by the Royal Thai Government in February 1981 in Bangkok AHPADA was formed as a forum for both the government and private sectors that are concerned with meeting and complementing each other in the promotion and development of handicrafts (2) _ AHPADA is affiliated to the ASEAN and the World Craft Council The (3) _ members were Thailand, Malaysia, the Philippines and Indonesia Singapore and Brunei join in a little (4) _ Cambodia, Lao, Myanmar and Vietnam joined in September 1999 AHPADA's objectives are (31) To take common approach to develop and promote the marketing of crafts (5) _ and outside the ASEAN Region, To operate as a main point of promotion of ASEAN handicrafts and raw (6) _ required-for production, trade fairs and exhibitions, To strengthen and improve the status of craftspeople, To create employment opportunities especially in the rural areas, To (7) _ traditional craft skills within the context of conservation of cultural heritage, To educate and create awareness and appreciation of the authentic handicrafts of ASEAN Countries, And to build up an archive of ASEAN CRAFT information With the recent economic downturn in (8) _ ASEAN Countries, AHPADA's objectives are more relevant than they have ever been before Most producers are among the rural areas and (9) _ majority of them are very small entrepreneurs AHPADA works at both national level through the national focal points and at the international level through the Board of AHPADA and the Regional Secretariat which is permanently based in Bangkok, Thailand (10) _ 1981 AHPADA has been able to act as a catalyst and initiators in the promotion and development of ASEAN CRAFTS through seminars, workshops and exhibitions, often in partnership with several multinational and international organizations A hosted B joined C promoted D produced A acts B actions C acting D activities A finding B founding C hiding D recording A latest B last C late D later A within B into C onto D away A machines B equipment C materials D devices A save B preserve C store D keep A most B the most C mostly D the more A a B an C the D Ø 10 A When B While C Since D As Exercise 30: What is the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and what is its purpose? The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is a multilateral organization which was (1) _ to give Southeast Asian states a forum to communicate (2) _ each other Since the region had a long colonial past and a history of endemic warfare, there has never been much peaceful and constructive (3) _ between kings, presidents and other officials A neutral forum was, (4) _, a very useful development for all of those countries ASEAN was formed as a result of the Bangkok (5) _ of 1967 and initially had five members: Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, (6) _ Philippines and Singapore Brunei (7) _ joined in 1984 after it had won independence from Britain Vietnam became the seventh member of the group, officially joining in 1995 (48) _ several years of negotiation, Myanmar and Laos joined in 1997 and the final member of the ten, Cambodia, joined in 1999 The only (9) state in Southeast Asia which is not a member of ASEAN is now East Timor It is still (10) _ vulnerable and fragile to be able to participate for the foreseeable future A created B made C done D discovered A in B on C for D with A interflow B interaction C interference D intercommunity A nevertheless B moreover C therefore D however A Entitle B Requirement C Independence D Declaration A a B an C the D Ø A subsequently B fortunately C approximately D surprisingly A Before B After C Since D While A dependent B independent C independently D independence 10 A enough B either C also D too Exercise 31: The Philippines, officially known (1) _ the Republic of the Philippines, is (2) _ in Southeast Asia with Manila as its capital city The Philippine (3) 7,107 islands in the western Pacific Ocean, sharing borders with Indonesia, Malaysia, Taiwan, and Vietnam The Philippines is the world's 12th most populous country with a population approaching 90 million people Its national (4) _ is the 37th largest in the world with a 2006 gross domestic product (GDP) of over 117.562 billion USD There are (5) _ 11 million overseas Filipinos (32) worldwide The Philippines became a Spanish colony in the 16th century and an American territory at the (6) _ of the 20th century The Philippines won independence from Spain in 1896 The Philippines (7) _ its independence from the United States on July 4, 1946 after World War II Spanish was (8) _ official language of the Philippines until 1973 Since then, the two official languages are Filipino and English The Philippines had cultural ties with Malaysia, Indonesia, and India in the ancient time, and trade (9) _ with China and Japan as early as the 9th century The late 1960s and early 1970s its economic development was second in Asia, (10) _ to Japan The Philippines is a founding and active member of the United Nations and is a founding member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)/ The Philippines is also a member of the East Asia Summit (EAS) and an active member in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) A as B to C with D for A laid B lay C located D put A compounds B fixes C consists D comprises A economy B economics C economical D economically A more B more than C rather than D rather more A starter B initiation C first D beginning A gathered B collected C gained D earned A a B an C the D Ø A acts B acquaintances C relations D concerns 10 A next B by C beside D on II PASSAGE TEST Skill 1: MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS Almost every reading passage will have a multiple-choice question about the main idea of a passage Such a question may be worded in a variety of ways; you may, for example, be asked to identify the topic, subject, title, primary idea, or main idea It is relatively easy to find the main ideas by studying the topic sentences, which are most probably found at (33) the beginning of each paragraph If a passage consists of only one paragraph, you should study the beginning of that paragraph to determine the main idea Example Basketball was invented in 1891 by a physical education instructor in Springfield, Massachusetts, by the name of James Naismith Because of terrible weather in winter, his physical education students were indoors rather than outdoors They really did not like the idea of boring, repetitive exercises and preferred the excitement and challenge of a game Naismith figured out a team sport that could be played indoors on a gymnasium floor, that involved a lot of running, that kept all team members involved, and that did not allow the tackling and physical contact of American style football The question: What is the topic of this passage? A The life of James Naismith B The history of sports C Physical education and exercise D The origin of basketball The first sentence of this passage states that basketball was invented, so the invention of basketball is probably the topic A quick check of the rest of the sentences in the passage confirms that the topic is, in fact, the beginnings of the sport of basketball Now you should check each of the answers to determine which one comes closest to the topic that you have determined Answer A mentions James Naismith but not basketball, so it is not the topic Answer B is too general; it mentions sports but does not mention basketball Answer C is also too general; it mentions physical education but does not mention basketball The best answer is therefore answer D.: the origin of basketball means that the way that basketball was invented is going to be discussed If a passage consists of more than one paragraph, you should study the beginning of each paragraph to determine the main idea In a passage with more than one paragraph, you should be sure to read the first sentence of each paragraph to determine the subject, topic, title, or main idea The following chart outlines the key information that you should remember about main idea questions MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS What is the topic of the passage? What is the subject of the passage? What is the main idea of the passage? HOW TO IDENTIFY THE What is the author's main point in the passage? QUESTION With what is the author primarily concerned? Which of the following would be the best title? WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER The answer to this type of question can generally be determined by looking at the first sentence of each paragraph Read the first line of each paragraph Look for a common theme or idea in the first lines Pass your eyes quickly over the rest of the HOW TO ANSWER THE passage to check that you have really found QUESTION the topic sentence(s) Eliminate any definitely wrong answers and choose the best answer from the remaining choices Skill 2: STATED DETAIL QUESTIONS A stated detail question asks about one piece of information in the passage rather than the passage as a whole The answers to these questions are generally given in order in the passage, and the correct answer is often a restatement of what is given in the passage this means that the correct answer often expresses the same idea as what is written in the passage, but the words are not exactly the same Example (34) Flutes have been around for quite some time, in all sorts of shapes and sizes and made from a variety of materials The oldest known flutes are, about 20,000 years old, they were made from hollowed-out bones with holes cut in them In addition to bone, older flutes were often constructed from bamboo or hollowed-out wood Today flutes are generally made of metal, and in addition to the holes they have a complicated system of keys, levers, and pads The instrument belonging to well-known flautist James Galway is not just made of any metal, it is made of gold The question: According to the passage, the oldest flutes A had holes cut in them B were made of metal C were made 200,000 years ago D had a complicated set of levers and pads Since this question asks about the oldest flutes, you should see that this question is answered in the second sentence The passage states that the oldest known flutes were bones with holes cut in them, so the best answer is answer A Answers B and D are true about today's flutes but not about the oldest flutes, so they are incorrect Answer C is an incorrect number; the oldest flutes are 20,000 years old, not 200,000 years old The following chart outlines the key information that you should remember about stated detail questions STATED DETAIL QUESTIONS HOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION According to the passage… It is stated in the passage The passage indicates that… Which of the following is true ? WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER The answers to the questions are found in order in the passage Choose a key word in the question Skim in the appropriate part of the passage for the key word or idea HOW TO ANSWER Read the sentence that contains the key word or idea carefully THE QUESTION Eliminate the definitely wrong answers and choose the best answer from the remaining choices Skill 3: FIND "UNSTATED" DETAILS You will sometimes be asked in the reading section to find an answer that is not stated or not mentioned or not true in the passage This type of question really means that three of the answers are stated, mentioned, or true in the passage, while one answer is not Example The Florida Keys are a beautiful chain of almost 1,000 coral and limestone islands These islands form an arc that heads first southwest and then west from the mainland U.S Highway 1, called the Overseas Highway, connects the main islands in the chain On this highway, it is necessary to cross forty-two bridges over the ocean to cover the 159 miles from Miami, on the mainland, to Key West, the farthest island on the highway and the southernmost city in the United States The question: Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the Florida Keys? A The Florida Keys are a chain of islands B The Florida Keys contain coral and limestone C The Florida Keys are in the shape of an arc D The Florida Keys are not all inhabited This question asks for the one answer that is not mentioned about the Florida Keys The passage states that the Florida Keys are a chain (answer A) with coral and limestone (answer B) in the shape of an arc (answer C), so these answers are not correct The best answer is therefore answer D The passage does not mention whether or not the keys are all inhabited The following chart outlines the key information that you should remember about “unstated” detail questions: (35) “UNSTATED” DETAIL QUESTIONS HOW TO DENTIFY THE QUESTION WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION Which of the following is not stated ? Which of the following is not mentioned ? Which of the following is not discussed…? Which of the following are true except ? The answers to these questions are found in order in the passage Choose a key word in the question Scan the appropriate place in the passage for the key word (or related idea) Read the sentence that contains the key word or idea carefully Look for answers that are definitely true according to the passage Eliminate those answers Choose the answer that is not true or not discussed in the passage Skill 4: IMPLIED DETAIL QUESTIONS In this type of question, you will be asked to answer a multiple choice question about a reading passage by drawing a conclusion from a specific detail or details in the passage Questions of this type contain the words implied, inferred, likely, or probably to let you know that the answer to the question is not directly stated In this type of question, it is important to understand that you not have to "pull the answer out of thin air." Instead, some information will be given in the passage, and you will draw a conclusion from that information Example The number of rings in a tree can be used to determine how old a tree really is Each year a tree produces a ring that is composed of one light-colored wide band and one dark-colored narrow band The wider band is produced during the spring and early summer when tree stem cells grow rapidly and become larger The narrower band is produced in fall and early winter when cell growth is much slower and cells not get very large No cells are produced during the harsh winter and summer months The question: It is implied in the passage that if a tree has 100 wide bands and 100 narrow bands, then it is A a century old B two centuries old C fifty years old D two hundred years old This question asks about the age of a tree with 100 wide bands and 100 narrow bands The passage does not tell the age of a tree with 100 wide and narrow bands, but it does indicate that….wide band and one narrow band are produced each year From this, you can draw the conclusion that a tree with 100 wide and narrow bands is 100 years, or a century, old The best answer to this question is therefore answer A The following chart outlines the key information that you should remember about implied detail questions IMPLIED DETAIL QUESTIONS It is implied in the passage that…… It can be inferred from the passage that … It is most likely that…… What probably happened ? The answers to these questions are generally found in order in the passage Choose a key word in the question Scan the passage for the key word (or a related idea) Carefully read the sentence that contains the key word Look for an answer that could be true, according to that sentence Skill 5: VOCABULARY IN CONTEXT QUESTIONS You may be asked to determine the meaning of a difficult word or expression that you not know In this case, the passage often gives you a clear indication of what the word or expression means (36) Example Professor Richmond's hobby is philately The professor has been quite interested in collecting stamps for a number of years The question: The word "philately" in line could best be replaced by A a philanthropic attitude B a common profession C stamp collecting D teaching classes In this question, you are asked to choose an expression to replace philately You are not expected to know the meaning of the word philately Instead, you should understand from the context that if the professor is interested in collecting stamps, then philately is most likely stamp collecting Answer C is therefore the best answer to this question The following chart outlines the key information that you should remember about vocabulary questions VOCABULARY IN CONTEXT QUESTIONS HOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION What is the meaning of “X” in line Y? The word “X” in line Y could best be replaced by… Information to help you understand the meaning of a vocabulary word can often be found in the context surrounding the word Find the word in the passage Read the sentence that contains the word carefully Look for context clues to help you understand the meaning Choose the answer that the context indicates Skill 6: "WHERE" QUESTIONS To answer this question, you should skim for the word capital and then look for its meaning A capital is the location of the center of government, and this definition is given in the third line Answer B is therefore the best answer to this question The following chart outlines the key information that you should remember when you are trying to determine where in the passage something is found: There will be a multiple-choice question that asks where certain information is found The answer choices will list possible locations for that information Example The words "capital" and "capitol" are confused in spelling and in meaning by a lot of people who try to use them Both their spellings and their meanings are quite closely related A "capital" is the location of the center of government, while a "capitol" is the actual building where the government officials meet Thus, in the United States, for example, the Capitol building is located in Washington, D.C., which is the capital city of the United States The question: Where in the passage does the author define the word "capital"? A Lines 1-2 B Lines 3-4 C Line D Line QUESTION ABOUT WHERE IN THE PASSAGE HOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION PART II Exercise 1: Where in the passage…….? The answer can be in any of the lines listed in the answer to the question Choose a key word or idea in the question Skim the appropriate past(s) of the passage looking for the key word or idea Choose the answer that contains the key word or idea (37) I was born to dance I've been dancing all my life, ever since my mother, who gave up a dancing career on the stage when she married my father, picked me up and twirled me around as an infant As much as I loved dancing with her, her greatest gift to me was her "unconditional love" during her lifetime My parents divorced after only years of marriage, but my father remarried a lovely lady who also loved to dance They used to take me to a dancing club where I would listen to the music and watch them dance-occasionally my stepmother, Mary, invited me to dance I also met my wife, Charlotte, in a dancing party I danced with her for about 15 minutes, and during that brief span, I realized that I fell in love with her We kept dancing throughout our marriage My earliest memories of dancing with my daughters started when I came home from work to our small home in Marblehead, Massachusetts, and my daughter Laura was about years old It was very relaxing for me To turn on the record player, pick up Laura in my arms, and dance her around the room! Our family danced a lot My daughters, Laura and Anne, and I continued to dance on every occasion One favorite memory I have of dancing with Laura and Anne was when I took each of them when they were seniors in high school to the Daddy-Daughter dance We won both dance competitions! As their father, I have tried to provide my daughters with unconditional love, as my Mother provided to me, endless emotional and loving support, and good educations and life experiences which have helped prepare them for happy and successful adult lives Being a father who is worthy of their love and respect, I consider fatherhood a privilege, not an entitlement In 1994, my oldest daughter Laura gave me a lovely book, which I still have, entitled "Fathers and Daughters." My Father's Day suggestion to every father is to dance with your daughters at every opportunity It will not only bring you closer, it will give them memories of you “to hang onto" long after we are gone Of the characters mentioned in the passage, who did not like dancing? A Mary B Laura C Anne D No one The writer _ A could not dance well B had a devoted mother C had not met his father since his parents divorced D did not like to dance with his step mother Which sentence is not true? A He used to go to a dancing club with his father and step mother B The writer had two daughters C The writer enjoyed dancing with his daughters D The writer never danced with his step mother Which is not referred to what the writer provides his daughters with? A the arts of dancing C endless emotional and loving support B unconditional love D good educations and life experiences The writer _ fatherhood A underestimates B appreciates C dislikes D disapproves of Exercise 2: When people plan to marry, they expect to find in their partner not only a lover but a friend also They find a person with whom they can share their opinions, their emotions, thoughts and fears In marriage we are looking for a partner who will be able to understand our values, our likes and dislikes If a man and a woman are born and raised in the same country, most likely they are familiar with the same songs, movies, jokes, books and life in general They basically have the same roots In the case of a western man and foreign woman family everything is more complicated and requires much more patience and understanding from both spouses On one hand each of the partners has an opportunity to learn a great deal about the other's country, culture, traditions and life styles which can be very interesting On the other hand it can be very disappointing if there is the inability to understand your partner's excitements and frustrations For example, you are watching the television and suddenly you see a famous actor or singer, or other type of an artist whose name you have grown up with Maybe this artist was an idol for your parents and the music of this artist was often played in your house when you were a child Unfortunately you realize that your wife is unable to understand your feelings because she has no idea who this artist is Her eyes are absolutely empty because she has never even heard the song before You feel rather disappointed! Remember that your wife has the same situation with you You not know her country's songs, her country's famous actors, her books She has her own memories and in actuality, for her, everything is much more difficult than it is for you At least, you live in your own country where everybody can understand you She lives in completely strange surroundings, where she has nobody to share her feelings with, except you Do some research and learn about your wife's country, culture and lifestyles Talk with her, ask her questions, get to know what songs she likes, what movies and books are of interest to her The Internet will give you a great opportunity to find anything! Tell her about your country's culture, let her listen to the music that you like, rent a movie for her that left you with great impression Let her understand you better through the things that you like Patience and time will help you to fight cultural differences A spouse should A let the partner to everything alone B be not only a lover but also a friend C not share the feelings with the partner D not interfere with what the partner's likes and dislikes According to the passage, (38) A Spouses who have the same nationality need more patience and understanding in their marriage than those who are from different cultures B Spouses who are from different cultures need more patience and understanding in their marriage than those who have the same roots C Spouses who have the same roots go not share anything together D Spouses who are from different cultures can never share anything together If there is the inability to understand a spouse's excitements and frustrations the marriage, he or she may feel A faithful B hopeless C disappointed D happy The passage is A critical B convincing C advisory D apologetic To overcome cultural differences in marriage needs A patience and time B time and money C movies and music D books and the Internet Exerciser Communication in general is process of sending and receiving messages that enables humans to share knowledge, attitudes, and skills Although we usually identify communication with speech, communication is composed of two dimensions - verbal and nonverbal Nonverbal communication has been defined as communication without words It includes apparent behaviors such as facial expressions, eyes, touching, tone of voice, as well as less obvious messages such as dress, posture and spatial distance between two or more people Activity or inactivity, words or silence all have message value: they influence others and these others, in turn, respond to these communications and thus they are communicating Commonly, nonverbal communication is learned shortly after birth and practiced and refined throughout a person's lifetime Children first learn nonverbal expressions by watching and imitating, much as they learn verbal skills Young children know far more than they can verbalize and are generally more adept at reading nonverbal cues than adults are because of their limited verbal skills and their recent reliance on the nonverbal to communicate As children develop verbal skills, nonverbal channels of communication do' not cease to exist although become entwined in the total communication process According to the writer, A Nonverbal language is only used by the deaf and the mute B One cannot communicate in both verbal and nonverbal language C Those who can listen and talk should not use nonverbal language D People communicate with both verbal and nonverbal language Which is not included in nonverbal communication? A words B spatial distance C facial expressions D tone of voice We can learn from the text that A nonverbal can never get any responses B most people not like nonverbal communication C even silence has message value D touching is not accepted in communicating Human beings A have learnt how to communicate in nonverbal language through books B can communicate in nonverbal language only when they are mature C have learnt how to communicate in nonverbal language since a child D communicate in nonverbal language much less than they in verbal language The word reading has a close meaning to A looking at the words that are written B understanding C saying something aloud D expressing Exercise 4: Movements and gestures by the hands, arms, legs, and other parts' of the body and face are the most pervasive types of nonverbal messages and the most difficult to control 'It is estimated that there are over 200.000 physical signs capable of stimulating meaning in another person For example, there are 23 distinct eyebrow movements, each capable of stimulating a different meaning Humans express attitudes toward themselves and vividly through body movements and postures Body movements express true messages about feelings that cannot be masked Because such avenues of communication are visual, they travel much farther than spoken words and are unaffected by the presence of noise that interrupt, or cancels out speech People communicate by the way they walk, stand, and sit We tend to be more relaxed with friends or when addressing those of lower status Body orientation also indicates status or liking of the other individual More direct orientation is related to a more positive attitude Body movements and postures alone have no exact meaning, but they can greatly support or reject the spoken word If these two means of communication are dichotomized and contradict each other, some result will be a disordered image and most often the nonverbal will dominate (39) Which part of body is not used to send body message? A faces B legs C hands D stomachs Face gestures A can help us control our feelings B are the most difficult to control C cannot express our feelings D not include eye brow moments Body communication is A visual B verbal C very few D uncommon According to the text, body movements cannot express A feelings B status C attitudes D desires Nonverbal communication A may be interrupted by noise B has no relation to verbal communication C dominates words D is less common than verbal communication Exercise 5: In 1988, for the first time in British history, a National Curriculum was introduced The National Curriculum tells pupils which subjects they have to study, what they must learn and when they have to take assessment tests Between the ages of 14 and 16, pupils study for their GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education) exams Pupils must take English Language, Maths and Science for GCSE, as well as a half GCSE in a foreign language and Technology In addition, they must also be taught Physical Education, Religious Education and Sex Education, although they not take exams in these subjects At the age of 16, pupils can leave school If pupils stay on, they usually take A (Advanced) levels, AS (Advanced Supplementary) level or GNVQs (Greater National Vocational Qualifications) It is quite common to combine, for example, two A levels with one AS level, or one A level with one GNVQ Pupils taking A levels study traditional subjects, such as French, Physics or History To go to university, pupils usually need two or three A levels AS levels are the same standard as A levels, but only half of the content: AS level German pupils take the Alevel German language exam, but not take the A-level German Literature exam GNVQs are vocational qualifications Pupils usually take on GNVQ in subjects such as Business, Leisure and Tourism, Manufacturing, and Art and Design One GVNQ (at advanced level) is equal to two A levels Britain began to have a National Curriculum A one hundred years ago B in the nineteenth century C in 1898 D in 1988 Which of the following subjects British students NOT take exams in? A Science B Physical Education C Maths D English Language Pupils need _ a levels to continue to study at university A one or two B two or three C four or five D five or six Which of the following subjects pupils NOT take on GNVQ in? A German Literature B Business C Art and Design D Manufacturing Pupils normally study for their GCSE between the ages of A 12 and 14 B 14 and 16 C 15 and 17 D 16 and 18 Exercise 6: Vietnam is a densely-populated, developing country that in the last 30 years has had to recover from the ravages of war Substantial progress was achieved from1986 to 1997 in moving forward from an extremely low level of development and significantly reducing poverty Since 2001, Vietnamese authorities have reaffirmed their commitment to economic liberalization and international integration They have moved to implement the structural reforms needed to modernize the economy and to produce more competitive, export-driven industries Vietnam's membership in the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) and entry into force of the US-Vietnam Bilateral Trade Agreement in December 2001.have led to even more rapid changes in Vietnam's trade and economic regime Vietnam's exports to the US doubled in 2002 and again in 2003 Vietnam joined the WTO (World Trade Organization) in January 2007, following over a decade long negotiation process This should provide ail important boost to the economy and should help to ensure the continuation of liberalizing reforms Vietnam is working to create jobs to meet the challenge of a labor force that is growing by more than one million people every year Vietnamese authorities have tightened monetary and fiscal policies to stem high inflation Hanoi is targeting an economic growth rate of 7.5-8% during the next five years Vietnam's economy is _ (40) A decreasing B facing crisis C developing D backward According to the text, Vietnam A used to be well-developed before 1986 B Vietnam is still in extreme poverty C could recover from the consequences of the war soon D has been modernizing the economy Vietnam A does not export anything to the US B exported to the US in 2003 twice as much goods as in 2002 C did not export goods to the US in 2002 D did not export goods to the US in 2003 The word This refers to _ A Vietnam's joining the WTO B the WTO C the negotiating process D the Vietnamese economy The word stem has a close meaning to _ A succeed B stop C originate D increase Exercise 7: In 1986 Vietnam launched a political and economic innovation campaign (Doi Moi) that introduced reforms intended to facilitate the transition from a centralized economy to a "socialist-oriented market economy." Doi Moi combined government planning with free-market incentives The program abolished agricultural collectives, removed price controls on agricultural goods, and enabled farmers to sell their goods in the marketplace It encouraged the establishment of private businesses and foreign investment, including foreign-owned enterprises By the late 1990s, the success of the business and agricultural reforms ushered in under Doi Moi was evident More than 30,000 private businesses had been created, and the economy was growing at an annual rate of more than percent From the early 1990s to 2005, poverty declined from about 50 percent to 29 percent of the population However, progress varied geographically, with most prosperity concentrated in urban areas, particularly in and around Ho Chi Minh City In general, rural areas also made progress, as rural housel olds living in poverty declined from 66 percent of the total in 1993to 36 percent in 2002 By contrast, concentrations of poverty remained in certain rural areas, particularly the northwest, northcentral coast, and central highlands Government control of the economy and a nonconvertible currency have protected Vietnam from what could have been a more severe impact resulting from the East Asian financial crisis in 1997 The Vietnamese Doi Moi campaign _ A has not interfered with politics B has focused on centralized economy C is not in favour of socialism D came into being in 1986 From the content of the text, the readers can learn that _ A Vietnam used to have agricultural collectives B there used to be many foreign-owned enterprises before 1986 in Vietnam C before 1986, the Vietnamese government did not control prices on agricultural goods D The Vietnamese Doi Moi campaign has not allowed foreign-owned enterprises Which rate has decreased? A Poverty B Population C Economy D Business The development in Vietnam _ A has been equal in every part of the country B has focused only on agriculture C is more prosperous in big cities than that in the countryside D is more prosperous in the countryside than that in big cities According to the last paragraph, _ A the Vietnamese government did nothing to overcome the East Asian financial crisis in 1997 B The Vietnamese economy was not affected by the East Asian financial crisis in 1997 C the Vietnamese government found it difficult to control the financial crisis D the Vietnamese government could not protect the economy from the East Asian financial crisis in 1997 Exercise 8: In the future, maybe all cars that run on petrol will be replaced by solar cars, which have been around for a while, but with recent developments in solar car design and the measurement of photovoltaic cells becoming smaller, the dream of a truly efficient solar car is more reality than fantasy A solar car is a vehicle powered by photovoltaic cells, also called solar cells, which convert sunlight (light energy) into electrical energy As a source of energy on earth, there is nothing like the sun: in a mere one thousandth of one second (.001), the sun emits enough energy to fulfill our planet's energy needs for the next 5,000 years It is a staggering fact, and an exciting one Since the energy from the sun is responsible for renewable resources such as wind, tides, and heat, solar energy seems to offer the brightest future for not only cars, but for the entire energy crisis Despite the appearance that solar energy may be the least feasible among the current crop of alternative fuel propositions, new solar powered devices and more specifically solar powered cars are beginning to be developed How Solar Cars work? The photo-voltaic cells absorb photons from sunlight This action generates heat, which the cells then convert into electrical energy and stores in an on-board battery This process of conversion is called the photovoltaic effect Not (41) surprisingly, such a vehicle has zero emissions, and is very environmentally friendly Unfortunately, at the moment photovoltaic cells are extremely inefficient, yet as time progresses the efficiency of these cells will grow This will make solar energy and solar cars the fuel and car of the future-a closer reality According to the text, _ A up to now, we have designed some solar cars B solar cars have been very popular for many years C we have not produced any solar cars yet D solar cars are not as much appreciated as other kinds of car A solar car is supplied power from _ A gas B petrol C photovoltaic cells D electricity Which can not help us to solve the problem of energy crisis? A wind B tide C the sun D heat from the moon According to the text, _ A no powered solar devices have been developed so far B besides solar car, we have also developed solar powered device C solar energy plans are more feasible than wind energy plans D tide can supply more energy than the sun The photovoltaic effect is _ A the process of operating a solar car B the process of absorbing photons from the sun C the developing of solar cars and solar powered devicesD the converting of heat from the sun into electricity Exercise 9: In the future, genetic engineering will allow us to create the perfect human It will be hard to get used to Parents will order a baby who 'will grow up to become his new job because he is not quite prepared a genius or to have a Miss World appearance Also, genetic engineering will allow us to mix plants and animals As computers have advanced, they have helped us remember, calculate, organize, and clarify So it will become easier to deal with things, and much quicker At a point in a future time, some may claim that computers become about as smart as Newton or Einstein More advanced computers will be able to be creative, respond to feelings in a feeling way, develop intuition, recognize patterns, and suggest innovative alternatives There is a hope if we choose to take action We can select Internet information wisely, choose healthy computer games, limit our exposure to television commercials, and select television programs carefully People will be aware of the importance of keeping active, getting outside to more physical activities We will also plan to make a major sacrifice the next time we buy a car, take the bus Everybody will be more concerned about making environmentally friendly choices, eating healthy, and helping build a healthier society by shopping at better stores that sell better food Most people will be aware that a happy, loving family is a joy to be part of, and that it is a necessary foundation for building a strong society But it is extremely important for our future that we maintain a healthy perspective We need to value and appreciate the importance of what can be achieved by loving and committed parents People need a strong foundation, so it is vital for our society that we encourage parents to work at creating love, joy, and happiness for their children in a decent, stable, and productive atmosphere How many aspects of life in the future are referred in the text? A One B Two C Three D Four Which aspect is not referred in the text? A Education B Genetic Engineering C Computers D Family The phrase to have a Miss World appearance means that _ A to become a Miss World B to enter a beauty contest C to be intelligent D to be beautiful According to the text, in the future, _ A it will be difficult for us to select Internet information B people will prefer taking a bus to buying a car C food will not be sold at shops D TV viewers will not be able to escape from seeing a lot of advertising The last paragraph is about _ A family and parents' responsibility in the future B children's education C children's health D how to build a strong society Exercise 10: A desert is a hostile, potentially deadly environment for unprepared humans In hot deserts, high temperatures cause rapid loss of water due to sweating, and the absence of water sources with which to replenish it can result in dehydration and death within a few days In addition, unprotected humans are also at risk from heatstroke Humans may also have to adapt to sandstorms in some deserts, not just in their adverse effects on respiratory systems and eyes, but also in their potentially harmful effects on equipment such as filters, vehicles and communication equipment Sandstorms can last for hours, sometimes even days Despite this, some cultures have made hot deserts 'their home for thousands of years, including the Bedouin, Tuareg tribe, and Pueblo people Modern technology, including advanced irrigation systems, desalinization and air conditioning, has made deserts much more hospitable, In the United States and Israel for example, desert farming has found extensive use (42) In cold deserts, hypothermia and frostbite are the chief hazards, as well as dehydration in the absence of a source of heat to melt ice for drinking Falling through pack-ice or surface ice layers into freezing water is a particular danger requiring emergency action to prevent rapid hypothermia Starvation is also a hazard; in low temperatures the body requires much more food energy to maintain body heat and to move As with hot deserts, some people such as the Inuit have adapted to the harsh conditions of cold deserts The text is about A troubles that human beings have to face in a desert B desert storms and desert inhabitants C hot deserts and cold deserts in the United States D desert hospitality and environment Which is not a problem for an unprepared man in a hot desert? A sandstorm B loss of water C irrigation D heatstroke Sandstorms A no harm to machinery B have effects only on the eyes C never lasts more than one hour D have bad effects on both human beings and machinery Which sentence is true? A No one can survive in both hot and cold deserts B Modern technology makes deserts more hospitable C In the United States, all deserts are quite uninhabited D There are no deserts in Israel Which is not a problem in cold deserts? A Starvation B Hypothermia C Frostbite D Body heat Exercise 11: Approximately one-third of the Earth's land surface is desert, arid land with meager rainfall that supports only sparse vegetation and a limited population of people and animals Deserts have been portrayed as fascinating environments of adventure and exploration These arid regions are called deserts because they are dry They may be hot They may be cold They may be regions of sand or vast areas of rocks with occasional plants Deserts are natural laboratories in which to study the interactions of wind and sometimes water on the arid surfaces of planets They contain valuable mineral deposits that were formed in the arid environment or that were exposed by erosion Because deserts are dry, they are ideal places for human artifacts and fossils to be preserved Deserts are also fragile environments The misuse of these lands is a serious and growing problem in parts of our world There are many animals in the desert Some are very large, like the kangaroo or the gazelle Both are big and have to travel long distances for water at a spring, or an oasis Another fairly large animal is the addax The addax is a desert antelope They live in the Sahara Desert All addaxes are herbivores There are less than 200 of them left because of hunting and tourists Some animals crawl along Examples of these are snakes and lizards Snakes rarely drink water; they get their moisture from other prey that they eat So others, like the kangaroo rat Lizards are commonly found in the desert They stay out of the sun and move as little as possible There are also other animals in the desert The fennec lives in northern Africa in the Sahara Desert They are a relative of the fox They eat mice, small birds, lizards, and insects When necessary, they will eat fruit One more desert animal is the jerboa The jerboa is a small, long distance jumper that lives in the desert They are free drinking animals and they eat plants, seeds, and bugs Deserts A are rare in the world B are more arid more populous C are all hot all the time D may be both hot and cold The word They refers to A deserts B natural laboratories C planets D mineral deposits Which is not true about deserts? A arid B hot C humid D dry According to the second paragraph, A we should use desert land properly to avoid serious problems B deserts are ideal places for growing land C we can exploit as much fossil as possible in deserts D there are no erosion in deserts The last paragraph expresses that A none of animals can survive in deserts B hunting and tourists cause the decreasing of addaxes in the Sahara Desert C snakes in deserts need more water than any other species D addaxes are the most populous species in deserts Exercise 12: Asian elephants used to live in the forests from Iraq to Southern China Since these forests were cut down to make room for farms and villages, the elephants had to live in small, hilly regions These small areas cannot supply enough food for them An adult elephant eats about 331 pounds of grasses, leaves and other plants each day When forests were larger, Asian elephants migrated with the seasons In this way, they found new food supplies The plants and trees could also grow again after elephants left (43) Today, there is nowhere for the elephants to go Experts say that the Asian elephant population is about 55,000 living on a habitat of about 19,000 square miles (30,400 square kilometres) In contrast to this, the African elephant population is about 10 times this size and live on almost million square miles (4.8 million square kilometers) of available habitat How much does an adult elephant eat a day? A About 150 kg of grasses leaves and other plants B About 331 kg of grasses leaves and other plants C About 19,000 kg of grasses leaves and other plants D About 30,400 kg of grasses leaves and other plants How can Asian elephants find new food supplies? A They made forests larger B They found other plants C They migrated with the seasons D They could grow plants and trees How many African elephants are there today? A 19,000 B 30,400 C 55,000 D 550,000 Which of these sentences is true to the text? A Asian elephants’ habitat is bigger than Africans’ B Asian elephants’ habitat is as big as Africans’ ’ ’ C Africans habitat is bigger than Asian D Africans’ habitat isn’t so big as Asian’ According to the text, Asian elephants can be extinct because of A hunting B loss of habitat C change of climate D polluted environment Exercise 13: By the year 2025, the Earth could lose as many as one fifth of all species known to exist today In recent centuries, hundreds of species have disappeared, almost always as a result of human activities The passenger pigeon, one familiar example, was a source of food until excessive hunting and habitat loss caused its extinction in 1914 The North American bison, whose populations were decimated by settlers and market hunters in the 1800s, came close to sharing the same fate Bison survive today only because of the efforts of early conservationists Today, species require such efforts more urgently than ever An essential task that falls to present-day conservationists is to determine which species are most, endangered, so that conservation resources' can be applied where action is needed most Species are categorized by the degree to which their survival in the wild is threatened World Wildlife Fund offers a sampling of animals and plants that fall mainly within the two most serious categories of- threat: critically endangered and endangered What threatens these species' existence? Some of the top threats are habitat destruction by unsustainable logging and ever-encroaching human settlement; pollution of water, soil, and air by toxic chemicals; unnatural climate changes due to fossil fuel use; unmanaged fishing that exhausts fish stocks; and illegal hunting to supply the demand for skins, hides, traditional medicines, food, and tourist souvenirs The list which conservationists presents only a fraction of the species at risk of extinction today and does not include thousands of species whose status we not yet know Hundreds of species without common names have been left out, which means that while many mammals are on this list, only a few insects and mollusks are included Species listed here range from the largest animal on Earth, the blue whale, to the majestic tiger, to the humble thickshell pond snail Large or small, beautiful or ugly, all species play a role in the complex circle of life All of us depend on the natural resources of our planet Each time a species is lost, the complexity, natural balance, and beauty of our world is diminished And what threatens plants and animals ultimately threatens people as well According to the first paragraph _ A species extinction is only caused by hunting B human beings protect wife life much more than they harm to them C the main cause of species extinction is human activities D we can stop radically species extinction by 2025 The North American bison _ A was completely extinct in 1800s B was not the aim of human hunting C was raised by settlers in 1800s D has escaped from extinction thanks to conservationists Species are categorized _ A to prevent hunting B to provide food C to destroy their habitats D to give preferential right to conserve Which sentence is true? A Medicine is not a factor to cause species extinction B The list which conservationists present does not include all kinds of species C Pollution does nothing to species extinction D Conservationists have good knowledge of all kinds of mollusks According to the last paragraph, _ A species extinction has no relationship to human beings B what threaten plants and animals can nothing to human beings C human beings depend on natural resources to survive D not every, species has a role in the circle of life Exercise 14: (44) Thank you for becoming a member of Green Town Public Library We hope that you will enjoy using our facilities, but to ensure that your patrons receive the best service, we ask you to observe the following regulations: You are required to carry your library card to enter and to use the library This card must be used only by the member to whom it is issued For reasons of security, bags and other personal possessions should not be left unattended The library has no responsibility in case of damage to or theft of personal property The use of cell phones in the library is prohibited If you fail to observe this requirement you may be asked to leave the library Smoking is not allowed anywhere on the library premises Please extinguish all cigarettes before entering, and go outside if you wish to smoke Books must be returned when requested if other patrons need them, or a fine must be paid A fine of 20 cents per day is payable on books returned late There is no maximum limit on late fines If a library user loses a book, he or she must pay the costs of a new hardback edition Who would need to read this sign? A Librarians B Parents with children C Library members D People who want to get a new library card Who may use a member’s library card? A The member and his or her family B The member and his or her friends C Only the member D Anyone What rule does the library have regarding people ’s bags inside the library? A All bags must be left at the desk B Bags are not allowed C Only small bags are allowed D People must watch their own bags What is maximum fee for someone who returns their books late? A 20 cents B There is no fee C There is no maximum fee D They must buy a new book What must a library member if he / she loses the book borrowed? A He/ she must pay the fees of 20 cents B A fine must be paid C He or she must pay for new hardback edition D He must return to other patrons if needed What does it refer to? A The library member B The library card C The library rule D The library service Exercise 15: It is often said that books are always a good friends and reading is an active mental process Unlike TV, books make you use your brain By reading, you think more and become smarter Reading improves concentration and focus Reading books takes brain power It requires you to focus on what you are reading for long periods Unlike magazines, Internet posts or e-Mails that might contain small pieces of information Books tell the whole story" Since you must concentrate in order to read, you will get better at concentration Many studies show if you not use your memory; you lose it Reading helps you stretch your memory muscles Reading requires remembering details, facts and figures and in literature, plot lines, themes and characters Reading is a good way to improve your vocabulary Do you remember that when you were at elementary school you learned how to infer the meaning of one word by reading the context of the other words in the sentence? While reading books, especially challenging ones, you will find yourself exposed to many new words Reading is a fundamental skill builder Every good course has a matching book to go with it Why? Because books help clarify difficult subjects Books provide information that goes deeper than just classroom discussions By reading more books you become better informed and more of an expert on the topics you read about This expertise translates into higher selfesteem Since you are so well-read, people look to you for answers Your feelings about yourself can only get better Books give you knowledge of other cultures and places The more information you have got, the richer your knowledge is Books can expand your horizons by letting you see what other cities and countries have to offer before you visit them Books have great influence on A TV B friendship C brain D muscles When you are reading a book, A you have to read small pieces of information B you use your brain in concentration and focus C you have to read during a very long time D you lose your memory A challenging book A helps you to improve your vocabulary B is only for primary pupils C can translate all new words D contains a lot of difficult vocabulary Books A are compulsory in every course B are not needed in most of course (45) C contain less information than class discussions Books cannot give you A knowledge B information D make a sick patient feel better C self-esteem D muscles Exercise 16: The word “Olympic” comes from the name of the town Olympia in Greece, where the ancient Olympic Games were always held The first Olympic Games were held in 776 B.C., and the Games took place every four years after that date until A.D.394 In 1875, a French scholar and educator, Pierre de Coubertin, proposed that the Games should be revived as an international competition to encourage both sport and world peace The first modern Olympic Games were held in Athens in 1896 Like the ancient Games, the athletes were men only Women began to take part in the Games in 1900 Since that time, the Games have been held every four years as in the ancient Greece The Games, however, did not take place in 1916, 1940 and 1944 because of the two World Wars Only amateur athletes are admitted to the Games, and these words appear at every Olympic opening: “The most important thing is not to win but to take part.” At the first modern Olympic Games, the athletes were A women only C men only B both men and women D most men and a few women Who can take part in the Olympic Games ? A Amateur athletes only C All athlethes B Proffesional athletes only D All are correct The last ancient Olympic Games were held in A 1896 B 776 B.C C 1875 D A.D 394 When were women allowed to take part in the Games for the first time ? A In 1900 B In 1916 C In 1875 D In 1896 Which of the following is NOT true ? A The town Olympia was the place where the first Games were held B Pierre de Coubertin suggested reviving the Olympic Games C The modern Olympic Games have been held every four years in Athens D The purpose of The Olympic Games is to encourage not only sport but also world peace Exercise 17: The 23rd Southeast Asian Games were held in the Philippines from November 27th to December 5th in 2005 The games were participated by the eleven nations of Southeast Asia This was the first time that the opening and closing ceremonies were held in a large open field, despite the fact that Manila has many stadiums The organization decided to hold the games at an open space to accommodate the large number of participants and spectators As a result, the 2005 SEA Games ranked as having the largest audience - 200,000 people – during the opening and closing ceremonies These games were also noted for having the most number of delegates in the history of the SEA Games In the end, all participating countries received medals Events in men's football actually started on November 20th, prior to the opening ceremony Water polo events began on November 21st, women's football on November 23rd, sailing on November 26th, and tennis on November 26th; The first gold medal of the games was awarded to Singapore on November 25th when their water polo team came out undefeated during the round-robin tournament round The Philippine team took the silver medal in that event, and Malaysia brought home the bronze The Games were also considered a valuable opportunity for athletes to gain competition experience and preparation for the upcoming Asian Games and Olympic Games It was purposely created to strengthen friendship, solidarity and understanding among neighboring countries in the region This was the third SEA Games to be hosted by the Philippines The last two times the Philippines hosted the games were in 1981, and again in 1991 There were 1,461 medals awarded, 444 of which were gold, 434 were silver, and 583 were bronze Up to now, the Philippines has hosted the SEA Games _ times A B C D According to the first paragraph, _ A the opening and closing ceremonies were hold in the stadiums of Manila B only four of eleven participating countries got medals C the 23rd SEA Games had been over by the end of November, 2005 D the number of audience in the 23rd SEA Games was about 200,000 people Which sport was first competed in the 23rd SEA Games? (46) A Water polo B Tennis C Men's football Which was not mentioned in the 23rd SEA Games? A Peace B Friendship C Solidarity Which country got the first gold medal in the 23rd SEA Games? A Vietnam B Singapore C The Philippines D Sailing D Understanding D Malaysia Exercise 18: The 22nd SEA Games, hosted this year by Vietnam, has joined the international movement to rid sports of tobacco For the first time, the regional sporting event will be tobacco-free under a landmark cooperative agreement signed in April 2003 between the World Health Organization (WHO), the 22nd SEA Games Organizing Committee and the Vietnamese Ministry of Health Hanoi Health Department has organized a press seminar to celebrate and raise awareness about the tobacco-free SEA Games The 22nd SEA Games is the first games hosted by Vietnam and 10 countries from the Southeast Asian region with nearly 8,000 athletes and coaches will participate It will be the first tobacco-free international sporting event in Vietnam, joining other international tobacco-free sporting events such as the FIFA World Cup 2002, and the Winter Olympic Games 2002 The 22nd SEA Games will ban all sales, advertising and other promotion of tobacco products, and restricts smoking in all Games venues The aim is to protect spectators, athletes, event staff, media and other visitors from the serious health hazards of second-hand tobacco smoke, as well as to change public attitudes about the social acceptability of smoking Madame Pascale Brudon, WHO Representative in Vietnam, stated, "Vietnam has established years ago a comprehensive, ambitious national tobacco control policy and a national tobacco control program The tobacco-free 22nd SEA Games will be yet another area where Vietnam is leading the way for other countries in the region and the world in protecting its citizens from the debilitating and disastrous consequences of tobacco use." WHO has provided funding and technical assistance to the SEA Games Organizing Committee and Vietnamese Ministry of Health to train of over 4,000 SEA Games organizers and volunteers on the implementation of the tobacco-free policy An international team of trainers from the Ministry of Health, International Organization for Good Temper (lOGT), WHO and International Development Enterprises (IDE) began a series of national training workshops for volunteers in April, 2003 The tobacco-free SEA Games are an inspiration and a model for other sport events, big and small, not only in Vietnam but also in the Southeast Asian and Western Pacific Region In the 22nd SEA Games _ A there will be the attendance of athletes from the World Health Organization B smoking is not allowed C smoking is only for the leader, not any athletes D is held by the Vietnamese Ministry of Health According to the text, _ A Vietnam has ever organized several tobacco-free sport events before the 22 nd SEA Games B the tobacco-free SEA Games in Vietnam has not been approved by any world organizations C the tobacco-free SEA Games is not announced to newspapers and magazines D the tobacco-free SEA Games in Vietnam has been encouraged and supported by many world organizations According to the third paragraph, _ A tobacco companies can have an advertising campaign during the SEA Games B second-hand tobacco smoke cannot cause any harm to the athletes in the 22 nd SEA Games C cigarettes are not allowed to sell in the 22nd SEA Games venues D everyone can buy cigarettes in the 22nd SEA Games venues except the athletes One of the aims of the tobacco-free SEA Games is A to sell more and more tobacco during the event B to change public attitudes about the social acceptability of smoking C to reduce the production of tobacco D to help athletes to solve the problems of the serious health hazards Which sentence is not true? A Vietnam itself has to pay a lot for the volunteers on the implementation of the tobacco-free policy B The tobacco-free SEA Games in Vietnam get great support from several world organizations C The tobacco-free SEA Games is considered a model for other sport events D There are national training workshops for volunteers in April, 2003 for the tobacco-free SEA Games Exercise 19: On Monday, May 12, 2008 a violent earthquake, measuring 8.0 on the Richter scale, happened in southwestern China's Sichuan Province Hundreds of aftershocks followed in the area The earthquake destroyed thousands buildings, roads, schools and hospitals, as well as infrastructure like communication networks and electrical towers Thousands of people died (47) or are missing, and more than 45 million people were affected by the earthquake, which has been the worst natural disaster to hit China for 30 years The American Red Cross has contributed $20 million to support the relief and recovery efforts of the Red Cross Society of China These funds will be used to assist survivors through the purchase and distribution of relief supplies, coordination of logistics and transportation of disaster workers to the hardest hit areas The American Red Cross has also sent relief experts to the affected area to help monitor and coordinate the response efforts On June 6, the American Red Cross co-hosted a forum to address the U.S response and recovery efforts following the earthquake More than 30 representatives from humanitarian organizations, the business companies and the government participated in the event More than 35,000 staff and volunteers with the Red Cross Society of China responded to the disaster by distributing food, water, tents and other essential items The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies are providing 100,000 tents to help those in need The Red Cross Society of China is a very strong organization with extensive experience responding to disasters The American Red Cross has long history of working with the Red Cross Society of China, going to back to famines in 1906 and including severe storms earlier this year There has been a close contact between the Red Cross Society of China and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, arid they have been ready to provide additional support such as disaster workers, relief supplies or financial assistance Concerned family and friends in the United States may have difficulty contacting their loved ones because telecommunication has been out of work by this disaster If they are trying to reach relatives living in China or those who are citizens of China, the American Red Cross suggests them keep calling or try contacting other family members who live nearby The earthquake on May 12, 2008 in China _ A left no aftershocks B destroyed everything except communication networks C caused no human loss D had effects on more than 45 million people According to the second paragraph, _ A the American Red Cross helped the Red Cross Society of China to recover from the earthquake B the American Red Cross owed the Red Cross Society of China $20 million C the victims of the earthquake were not helped to buy necessary things D disaster workers were not sent to the hardest hit areas because of the aftershocks Which sentence is not true? A There are more than 30 representatives from humanitarian organizations, the business companies and the government in the US helping the Chinese earthquake victims B The American government did not anything to help the earthquake victims in China C The American Red Cross has contributed $20 million to help the earthquake victims in China D The American Red Cross has also sent relief experts to help the earthquake victims in China Which is not mentioned about the Red Cross Society of China? A It is a strong organization B It gets on well with the American Red Cross C It supplied the earthquake victims a lot of things except tents.D It has extensive experience responding to disasters After the earthquakes _ A it has been difficult to contact with the resident in the ,attacked area B the American Red Cross advised people not to keep contact with the victims C contacting with the victims was not a problem D everything has been in order soon Exercise 20: The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that acts as a coordinating authority on international public health Established on April, 1948, and headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, the agency inherited the mandate and resources of its predecessor, the Health Organization The WHO's constitution, states that its objective is "the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health." Its major task is to combat diseases, especially key infectious diseases, and to promote the general health of the people of the world The WHO also sponsors programs to prevent and treat serious epidemics such as SARS, malaria, and AIDS The WHO supports the development and distribution of safe and effective vaccines, pharmaceutical diagnostics, and drugs After over decades of fighting smallpox, the WHO declared in 1980 that the disease had been eradicated - the first disease in history to be eliminated by human effort The WHO is nearing success in developing vaccines against malaria and aims to eradicate polio within the next few years The organization has already endorsed the world's first official HIV/AIDS Tool kit for Zimbabwe making it an international standard In addition to its work in eradicating disease, the WHO also carries out various health-related campaigns, for example, to boost the consumption of fruits and vegetables worldwide and to discourage tobacco use Experts met at the WHO headquarters in Geneva in February, 2007, and reported that their work on pandemic influenza vaccine development had achieved encouraging progress More than 40 clinic trials have been completed or are ongoing (48) Most have focused on healthy adults Some companies, after completing safety analyses in adults, have initiated clinical trials in the elderly and in children All vaccines so far appear to be safe arid well-tolerated in all age groups tested The World Health Organization (WHO) _ A works on international public health B has no relation to the United Nations C only takes care of Swiss people D has no predecessor Which is not mentioned in the second paragraph 'as the tasks of the World Health Organization? A to promote the general health of everyone in the world B to support pharmaceutical diagnostics, and drugs C To combat diseases D To supply food for patients According to the text, which disease has been eradicated? A Malaria B AIDS C SARS D Smallpox According to the third paragraph, the World Health Organization A has not developed vaccines against malaria yet B is trying to eradicate polio C is not concerned about polio D also carries out various health-related campaigns Influenza vaccine _ A has only been used for adults B cannot be used for children C has appeared to be safe in all age groups tested D causes bad effects on children and elderly people Exercise 21 Today, more and more women are actively participating in social activities both in urban and rural areas Specifically, they have shined brightly in even many fields commonly regarded as the man's areas such as business, scientific research and social management In some areas, women even show more overwhelming power than men The image of contemporary Vietnamese women with creativeness, dynamism, success has become popular in Vietnam's society The fact reveals that the gender gap has been remarkably narrowed and women enjoy many more opportunities to pursue their social careers and obtain success, contributing to national socio-economic development According to Ms, Le Thi Quy, Director of the Gender/and Development Research Centre under the University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Hanoi National University, gender equity in Vietnam has reached a high level over the past decade The rate of Vietnamese women becoming National Assembly members from the 9th term to the 11th term increased 8.7%, bringing the proportion of Vietnamese women in authority to 27.3%, the highest rate in Southeast Asia There is no big gap in the level of literacy and schooling between men and women Women account for about 37% of university and college graduates, 19.9% of doctoral degree holders and 6.7% of professors and associate professors The legitimate rights of women and children are ensured more than ever before with more complete legal documents including laws, conventions and national action plans, among which the laws on "gender equity" mark a turning-point in the empowerment of women Mass media also highlights the continued success of women in every field and honors their great importance in modern society, helping to away with outdated perceptions about traditional women's duties Many projects on reproductive health care, children protection, and family income improvement jointly conducted by various mass organizations, state agencies and non-governmental organizations have created favorable conditions for women to become involved The text is about A the changes in the status of Vietnamese women B the Vietnamese women's liberation C the Vietnamese sex Discrimination D the discrimination that Vietnamese women have to face Which adjective is not used to describe Vietnamese women? A successful B creative C narrow D dynamic According to the data in the text, A Vietnamese women not take part in authority B the level of literacy and schooling between men and women in Vietnam is the same C there are more women in authority in Vietnam than those in any other countries in Southeast Asia D there are no female professors in Vietnam Vietnamese women A have few opportunities to develop their intellectual ability B have only shined brightly in doing housework C cannot any scientific research D are ensured their rights with laws, conventions and national action plans Which is not mentioned in the text as a project to create condition for Vietnamese women? A Traditional women's duties B Reproductive health care C Children protection D Family income improvement Exercise 22: It has been thought that women are the second class in citizen, and men are the first There is not a real equality of opportunity for men and women Years ago, people were living in a man-dominated society Women had to obey their (49) husbands and fathers absolutely Women's place was in the kitchen and women's work was housework In many places, women were not even' allowed to go to school Women had no rights, even the right to choose husband for themselves Men usually occupied high positions in society so they thought they were more intelligent than women Men often considered women as their property Sometimes, they were mistreated by their husbands and suffered the problem as a fate Many parents did not even want to daughters Despite the progress, there remain outdated beliefs about women's roles, traditionally passed down from generation to generation Men are commonly seen as the strong bodies, bread-winners in the family and key leaders in society, while women are restricted to being housewives and child bearing and care, and housework such as washing and cooking According to social surveys, many women in the 21st century still have to work over 12 hours a day including working in offices and doing countless household chores without any help from their husbands In some regions, the labor of women is not recognized despite the hardships they endure to support the whole family Moreover, women are the direct victims of family violence, especially in rural areas Thanks to the women's liberation movement, nowadays women have proved that they are equal to men in every aspect An average woman has weaker muscles than an average man but she may be as intelligent as he is Women can everything that men can, and women can one thing that no man can: they produce children Which is not women's role in the former days? A Working in authority B Doing Housework C Doing cooking D Bearing and rearing children Years ago, women are pot allowed A to work in the kitchen B to go to school C to housework D to stay at home with their parents What did women have to suffer? A Good schooling B Choosing a husband themselves C Enjoy their housework D Illiteracy The outdated 'beliefs about women's roles A have been eradicated completely B disappeared soon after the women's liberation movement C still exist at present D was forced to change after the women's liberation movement According to the text, women in the 21st century A not have to housework any more B are still the victims of family violence in some rural areas C get help from their husbands with all housework D spend less than 12 hours working outside the home and doing housework Exercise 23: On August 1967, five leaders - the Foreign Ministers of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailandsat down together in the main hall of the Department of Foreign Affairs building in Bangkok, Thailand and signed a document By virtue of that document, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was born The five Foreign Ministers who signed it have been considered as the founders of probably the most successful intergovernmental organization in the developing world today The document that they signed would be known as the ASEAN Declaration It is a short, simply-worded document containing just five articles It declares the establishment of an Association for Regional Cooperation among the Countries of Southeast Asia to be known as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and spells out the aims and purposes of that Association These aims and purposes are about the cooperation in economy, society, culture, techniques, education and other fields, and in the promotion of regional peace and stability through abiding respect for justice and the principles of the United Nations Charter It stipulates that the Association will be open for participation by all States in the Southeast Asian region subscribing to its aims, principles and purposes It proclaims ASEAN as representing the collective will of the nations of Southeast Asia to bind themselves together in friendship and cooperation and, through joint efforts and sacrifices, secure for their peoples and for posterity the blessings of peace, freedom and prosperity The goal of ASEAN, then, is to create, not to destroy The original ASEAN logo presented five brown sheaves of rice stalks, one for each founding member Beneath the sheaves is the legend "ASEAN" in blue These are set on a field of yellow encircled by a blue border Brown stands for strength and stability, yellow for prosperity and blue for the spirit of cordiality in which ASEAN affairs are conducted When ASEAN celebrated its 30th Anniversary in 1997, the sheaves on the logo had increased to ten -representing all ten countries of Southeast Asia and reflecting the colors of the flags of all of them In a very real sense, ASEAN and Southeast Asia will be one and the same, just as the founders had envisioned The Association of Southeast Asian Nations A consists of some Western nations B was established by the Philippines C was founded on August 1967 D was established by the Minister of the Department of Foreign Affairs of Thailand The pronoun it in the first paragraph refers to A the Association of Southeast Asian Nations B the most successful inter-governmental organization C Bangkok D the ASEAN Declaration Which adjective can be used to describe the Association of Southeast Asian Nations? A successful B illegal C nongovernmental D developing (50) Which does not belong to the purpose and aim of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations? A friendship B destruction C creation D cooperation Up to 1997 how many countries there have been in ASEAN? A B C D 10 Exercise24: The Association of Southeast Asian Nations or ASEAN was established on August 1967 in Bangkok by the five original Member Countries, namely, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand Brunei joined on January 1984, Vietnam on 28 July 1995, Lao PDR and Myanmar on 23 July 1997, and Cambodia on 30 April 1999 The ASEAN Declaration states that the aims and purposes of the Association are: to accelerate economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region and to promote regional peace and stability through abiding respect for justice and the rule of law in the relationship among countries in the region and adherence to the principles of the United Nations Charter In 2003, the ASEAN Leaders resolved that an ASEAN Community shall be established comprising three pillars, namely, ASEAN Security Community, ASEAN Economic Community and ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community The ASEAN Vision 2020, adopted by the ASEAN Leaders on the 30 th Anniversary of ASEAN, agreed on a shared vision of ASEAN as a concert of Southeast Asian nations, outward looking, living in peace, stability and prosperity, bonded together in partnership in dynamic development and in a community of caring societies ASEAN Member Countries have adopted the following fundamental principles in their relations with one another, as contained in the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia (TAC): mutual respect for the independence, sovereignty, equality, territorial integrity, and national identity of all nations; the right of every State to lead its national existence free from external interference, subversion or coercion; non-interference in the internal affairs of one another; settlement of differences or disputes by peaceful manner; renunciation of the threat or use of force; and effective cooperation among themselves According to the text, which nation is the last member to join The Association of Southeast Asian Nations up to now A Vietnam B The Philippines C Brunei D Cambodia The ASEAN Declaration is about _ A the cultures of all the members of the organization B the development of all countries all over the world C the aims and purposes of the organization D the laws of the members of the organization The third paragraph is about _ A living in peace, stability and prosperity C The ASEAN Vision 2020 B the 30th Anniversary of ASEAN D the ASEAN Leaders The Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia _ A is not accepted by ASEAN Member Countries B consists of fundamental principles in the relations of ASEAN Member Countries C is disapproved by ASEAN Member Countries D has two principles Which principle does not belong to the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia? A interference in the internal affairs of member countries B effective cooperation C mutual respect D peaceful manner (51) Danh động từ (Gerund) Như các em đã biết, danh động từ (Gerund) có cấu trúc giống phân từ và thực chức danh từ câu Danh động từ có thể làm chủ ngữ (Learning English is necessary), tân ngữ bổ ngữ (I like swimming) dùng sau đại từ sở hữu làm chức tân ngữ (Please forgive my coming late!) Tuy nhiên quá trình làm bài thi các em hay lầm lẫn và không biết nào thì dùng danh động từ Ví dụ các động từ enjoy, hate, like, mà các em đã học sách giáo khoa thì việc xác định bổ trợ sau nó là điều thật đơn giản Điều khó khăn là các động từ mà các em gặp lần đầu Ví dụ1: Chọn từ/ cụm từ thích hợp (ứng với A, B, C D) để hoàn thành câu sau: Would you mind _ your name and address on this sheet of paper? A to write B writing C write D to writing Các em không có câu trả lời không biết sau mind là V-ing Có số động từ mà bổ trợ chúng luôn là gerund Dưới đây là số ví dụ các động từ này: Anticipate: đoán trước Enjoy: thích thú Keep: tiếp tục Appreciate: hoan nghênh Escape: trốn khỏi Miss: bỏ lỡ Avoid: tránh Suggest: đề nghị Postpone: trì hoãn Consider: xem xét Finish: hoàn tất Prevent: ngăn chặn Deny: từ chối Forgive: tha thứ Stop: dừng delay: trì hoãn Involve: có ý định remember: nhớ Detest: ghê tởm Dislike: không thích Các cụm từ/ đoản ngữ sau đây theo sau là V-ing: Can’t help/ can’t bear/ can’t stand: không thể chịu đựng It’s (not) worth: (không) đáng giá It’s no use: thật vô dụng It’s no good: vô ích There’s no point in: Chẳng có lý gì/ lợi gì Have difficulty (in): Có khó khăn vấn đề gì A waste of money/ time: tốn tiền/ thời gian Be busy (with): bận rộn với cái gì Look forward to: trông mong, chờ đợi Be (get) used to: quen với cái gì Object to: phản đối Confess to: thú tội, nhận tội Ví dụ 2: Chọn từ/ cụm từ thích hợp (ứng với A, B, C D) để hoàn thành câu sau: She doesn’t approve of her husband _ A to gamble B gambling C to gamble D to gambling Sau giới từ, ta thường dùng danh động từ - Make: + Ở dạng chủ động ta có make sb sth + Ở dạng bị động ta có be made sb to sth -Help: + help sb sth: giúp đỡ đó tự thân người giúp đỡ tham gia vào quá trình hành động (giúp đỡ phần) (52) + help sb to sth: giúp đó làm toàn công việc, người giúp đỡ không tham gia vào quá trình hành động Lưu ý: 1) Sau V + preposition, Adj + preposition Noun + preposition là V-ing Ví dụ: accuse of (tố cáo), suspect of (nghi ngờ), be fond of (thích), be interested in (thích thú, quan tâm), choice of (lựa chọn), reason for (lý về) 2) Những động từ sau đây theo sau là động từ nguyên thể V-ing mà nghĩa không thay đổi: begin, like, can’t stand, love, continue, prefer, start, hate, dread Ví dụ 3: The photograph makes me _about 80! A to look B look C looking D to looking Ta có cấu trúc make sb sth Vì các em nên lưu ý số động từ mà bổ trợ chúng không dùng gerund dùng gerund thì nghĩa chúng bị thay đổi Các động từ đó là: make, let, help và see, hear, watch với ý nghĩa chứng kiến toàn việc đã xảy (Xem bài: “Một số lưu ý bổ trợ”) Lưu ý: Samples: Chọn từ/ cụm từ thích hợp (ứng với A, B, C D) để hoàn thành câu sau: The bicycle he lent me badly needed _ A to clean B clean C cleaning D to be cleaning I got tired of _since she kept giving me the same food every day A eat B to eat C eating D to eating Please come on time I hate _ A being kept waiting B being kept wait C to be kept waiting D to be kept wait He says he doesn’t remember _ you A to promise to help B to promise helping C promising to help D promising helping I am not used to _early I’d rather stay in bed a bit longer A get up B getting up C to getting up D to get up It's such a waste _good food to Dave - he really doesn't appreciate it A to give B to giving C giving D give I suggest staying at home and television A watch B to watch C.watching D to watching He decided to let his hair _ long A grow B growing C to grow D to growing Mary prefers _ A singing to dance B.singing to dancing C to sing than to dance D sing to dance 10 The prisoners are made _ holes and fill them in again A.to dig B dig C to digging D digging Cấu tạo từ thuộc lĩnh vực từ loại Bước 1: Xác định từ loại Đọc qua câu hỏi và quan sát thật kĩ vị trí từ cần điền Việc xác định từ loại từ cần điền vào chỗ trống là điểm quan trọng có tính định đến độ chính xác đáp án Ví dụ1: Some species of rare animals are in _ of extinction A danger B dangerous C dangerously D endanger Nếu em nào không biết thành ngữ to be in danger ( bị đe dọa, tầm nguy hiểm) thì hãy để ý vị trí từ cần điền không thể là từ loại nào khác ngoài danh từ (giữa giới từ) Ví dụ2: Life here is very _ A peace B peaceful C peacefully D peacefulness Sau động từ to be (is) có từ loại là tính từ và danh từ Tuy nhiên có trạng từ mức độ very nên từ loại cần điền phải là tính từ Bước 2: Quan sát đáp án và chọn đáp án đúng (53) Sau đã xác định từ loại từ cần điền các em quay lại quan sát phương án đã cho, thấy từ nào phù hợp với từ loại đã xác định thì đó chính là đáp án Trong ví dụ có danger là danh từ và là đáp án câu (Dangerous là tính từ, dangerously là trạng từ, endanger là động từ) Trong ví dụ peaceful là tính từ các từ đã cho và là đáp án câu Lưu ý: Nếu phương án là từ loại khác thì vấn đề thật đơn giản Tuy nhiên có câu mà người đề đòi hỏi thí sinh kết hợp kiến thức ngữ pháp Xét ví dụ sau đây: There are small _ between British and American English A differences B different C difference D differently Sau xác định từ loại từ cần điền là danh từ quan sát các phương án các em lại thấy có danh từ differences và difference Vậy từ nào là đúng? Lúc này các em cần để ý đến thì động từ câu – to be chia số nhiều (are) đó đáp án câu phải là danh từ số nhiều – differences Cấu tạo từ thuộc lĩnh vực ngữ pháp Dạng thứ bài tập cấu tạo từ là phân biệt dạng thức bổ trợ động từ, tính từ, trạng từ hay phương thức so sánh Trong dạng bài tập này các em phải nắm vững cấu trúc ngữ pháp, loại bổ trợ động từ các hình thức so sánh Dạng 1: Tính từ -ed hay –ing Ví dụ: We are _ of the long journey A tire B tiring C tired D to tire Chỗ trống cần điền tính từ phương án lại có tính từ là tiring và tired, từ nào là đáp án câu Lúc này chúng ta lại vận dụng kiến thức ngữ pháp để giải vấn đề Khi chủ ngữ là người chúng ta dùng quá khứ phân từ; chủ ngữ là vật, tượng chúng ta dùng phân từ Đáp án câu trên là tired Dạng 2: Bổ trợ động từ Ví dụ: Would you mind me a hand with this bag? A to give B give C giving D to giving Trong dạng bài tập này các em cần phải học thuộc loại động từ nào thì với loại bổ trợ nào Ví dụ: Các động từ mind, enjoy, avoid, finish, keep thì động từ sau nó luôn là V-ing Các động từ agree, aim, appear, ask, attempt, decide, demand thì bổ trợ luôn là động từ nguyên thể có to Dạng 3: Dạng thức so sánh Ví dụ: Sara speaks so _ that I can’t understand her A fast B fastly C faster D faster Khi câu có các dấu hiệu more than thì tính từ trạng từ câu phải dạng so sánh hơn, có the most trước ô trống thì tính/ trạng từ phải dạng so sánh Xét câu trên không có các dấu hiệu câu so sánh nên trạng từ fast là đáp án (Lưu ý fastly không tồn tiếng Anh) Samples: Chọn phương án đúng (A, B, C D) để hoàn thành câu sau: Her _ was so great that she broke a The gas from the chemical factory was glass extremely A anxious B anxiously C anxiety D A harm B harmless C harmful D harmed anxiousness Every woman nowadays seems to want to Since _ has been so poor the class is lose _ being closed A weight B weigh C weighty D weighted A to attend B attend C attended D He regularly writes _ for our attendance newspaper She was too _ to tell his teacher about A poet B poets C poem D poems the stupid mistake His behaviour always _ me at parties A shame B ashame C shamed D ashamed A embarrass B embarrasses C embarrassing (54) He is one of the greatest _ to appear in D embarrassment this theatre 10 She is a _ of theatre programmes A perform B performing C performance D A collect B collector C collection D collecting performer This matter is very _ Don’t discuss it outside the office A confidence B confident C confidently D confidential Động từ nguyên mẫu (Infinitive) Hình thức Nguyên mẫu -> To (làm), To work (làm việc) ·Nguyên mẫu liên tiến ->To be doing (đang làm), To be working (đang làm việc) ·Nguyên mẫu hoàn thành ->To have done (đã làm), To have worked (đã làm việc) ·Nguyên mẫu hoàn thành liên tiến ->To have been doing (đã làm), To have been working (đã làm việc) ·Nguyên mẫu thụ động ->To be done ·Nguyên mẫu thụ động hoàn thành ->To have been done Nguyên mẫu đầy đủ = To + động từ.Chẳng hạn, To deal with drug addicts is dangeroushoặc It is dangerous to deal with drug addicts (Giao du với người nghiện ma túy là nguy hiểm).Đôi không có To đứng Trước động từ và đây chính là trường hợp Nguyên mẫu không có To Chẳng hạn, We shouldn't deal with drug addicts(Chúng ta không nên giao du với người nghiện ma túy), He will come back (Anh ta trở lại) # Phủ định nguyên mẫu = Not + to + động từ.Chẳng hạn, They decide not to attend the next symposium (Họ định không dự hội nghị chuyên đề tới) # Nguyên mẫu chẻ (Split infinitive) là trường hợp chèn các phó từ Really, completely, entirely, duly, unduly vào To và động từ.Chẳng hạn, To duly punish serious crimes, National Assembly has made several amendments to the penal code (Để trừng phạt thích đáng các trọng tội, Quốc hội đã có nhiều sửa đổi luật hình sự) Công dụng a)Đóng vai trò chủ từ.Chẳng hạn, To go by plane is quicker and safer (Đi máy bay thì nhanh và an toàn hơn), To obey the laws is everyone's duty (Tuân thủ luật pháp là bổn phận người), To argue with them appears useless (Tranh cãi với họ có vẻ vô ích),To imitate them seemed unwise (Bắt chớc họ là dại).Tuy nhiên, It is quicker and safer to go by plane, It is everyone's duty to obey the laws, It appears useless to argue with themvà It seemed unwise to imitate themthì thông dụng b)Đóng vai trò bổ ngữ Chẳng hạn,Their mission was to destroy the enemy naval bases (Nhiệm vụ họ là phá hủy các hải quân địch) c)Sau các động từ Agree, aim,appear, arrange, ask, attempt, bother, care(phủ định nghi vấn), choose, claim, condescend, consent, decide, demand, determine, bedetermined,endeavour,fail, forget, guarantee, happen, hesitate,hope, know, learn, long, manage, neglect, offer, plan, be prepared, pretend,proceed, promise, prove, refuse, remember, resolve, seem, swear, tend, threaten, trouble, try, volunteer, vow, wonder Ví dụ : - They arranged to meet at the riverside five-star hotel (Họ thoả thuận gặp khách sạn năm ven sông) - She didn't bother/trouble to answer straightforwardly (Bà ta không chịu trả lời thẳng thắn) - The boy asks to go swimming with his classmates (Cậu bé xin phép bơi với các bạn cùng lớp) - Would you care to dance? (Anh thích khiêu vũ hay không?) - The banker condescended to say hello to his poor neighbours yesterday morning (Sáng hôm qua, ông chủ ngân hàng đã hạ mình mà chào người láng giềng nghèo khổ) - Soldiers were determined to fight till the last (Binh sĩ tâm chiến đấu đến thở cuối cùng) - The strikers failed to reach a settlement with their employer (Phe đình công không đạt thoả thuận với ông chủ) - The employer threatened to dismiss anyone claiming a pay rise (Ông chủ doạ sa thải người nào đòi tăng lơng) - They seem to be quarrelling about money matters (55) (Dờng nh họ cãi chuyện tiền nong) - The girl pretended to be making herself up (Cô gái giả vờ trang trang điểm) - I want to know how to use this device (Tôi muốn biết cách dùng cách dùng thiết bị này) - We are wondering whether to be angry with her or with her friends (Chúng tôi phân vân không biết nên giận cô ta hay giận bạn cô ta) d)Sau Assume, Believe, Consider, Deem, Know, Think(nhất là dạng thụ động) Ví dụ : - Everyone must assume her to be innocent until she is proved guilty of blackmail (Mọi người phải xem cô ta là vô tội đến nào chứng minh cô ta phạm tội tống tiền) - He is known to be a benevolent doctor (Ông ta tiếng là bác sĩ nhân hậu) - Smoking is known to be harmful (Ai biết hút thuốc là có hại) - The thieves were thought to be hiding in the wood-shed (Bọn trộm bị cho là trốn kho củi) - The four escapees are believed to have suffered shipwreck off Cape Horn (Người ta tin bốn kẻ vợt ngục đã bị đắm tàu ngoài khơi mũi Horn) e)Sau Be about, be able, afford, one's best, make an/every effort, make up one's mind,occur, set out,take the trouble,turn out Ví dụ : -They stayed at home because they couldn't afford to get tickets for the Cup Final (Họ nhà vì không đủ tiền mua vé xem trận chung kết Cúp vô địch) - They have made up their mind to join their family in Vietnam (Họ đã định đoàn tụ với gia đình Việt Nam) - It never occurred to him to help anyone (Hắn chẳng nảy ý nghĩ giúp ai) - The director-general turned out to be one of my fellow countrymen (Hoá ông tổng giám đốc là người đồng hơng với tôi) f)Sau Advise,allow, ask, beg, command, compel, enable, encourage, expect, forbid, force, implore, induce, instruct, invite, oblige, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, show, teach, tell, train, urge, want, warn Ví dụ : - I want you to go there with me (Tôi muốn anh với tôi đến đó) - They asked Bill to finish his work as soon as possible (Họ yêu cầu Bill hoàn thành công việc càng sớm càng tốt) - She always expects his husband to earn more and more money (Cô ta luôn mong chồng mình ngày càng kiếm nhiều tiền hơn) - My parents taught me never to tell lies (Bố mẹ tôi dạy tôi không nói dối) - Show us how to operate this machine-gun (Hãy chúng tôi cách sử dụng súng máy này) - Tell her to take medicine before bedtime (Hãy bảo bà uống thuốc Trước ngủ) g)Sau The first, the second, the last, the onlyhoặc sau hình thức so sánh cực cấp để thay cho mệnh đề quan hệ Ví dụ : - They are the first to leave all their money to charity (Họ là người đầu tiên để lại toàn tiền bạc cho công từ thiện) - She was the only person in her village to study abroad (Cô ta là người làng học nước ngoài) - It is one of the best comedies to be performed last year (Đó là hài kịch hay diễn năm qua) h) Sau các tính từ Sorry,Anxious, Happy, Glad, Pleased, Ready, Proud, Ashamed, Afraid, Surprised, Sure, Reluctant, Unwilling Ví dụ : - The young soldier was reluctant to give us a lift to the provincial polyclinic (Người lính trẻ miễn cỡng cho chúng tôi nhờ xe đến bệnh viện đa khoa tỉnh) - We are very surprised to see such scoundrels in a so-called institution (Chúng tôi ngạc nhiên thấy kẻ côn đồ nh nơi gọi là sở từ thiện) - He was proud to be a nobleman (Hắn tự hào là mình thuộc dòng dõi quí tộc) (56) - I am ashamed to criticize my colleagues (Tôi ngại phê bình bạn đồng nghiệp) i)Sau Too + tính từ / phó từ, Too + tính từ + a + danh từ, Tính từ / Phó từ + enough Ví dụ : -He is too short to become a pilot (Hắn quá thấp, nên không thể làm phi công) -You speak too quickly for me to understand thoroughly (Anh nói quá nhanh, nên tôi không hiểu rõ) - Bi was too numerate a pupil to succumb to such simple problems (Bi là học sinh quá giỏi toán, nên không thể chịu thua bài toán đơn giản nh vậy) - This concrete bridge isn't strong enough to support heavy lorries (Chiếc cầu bê tông này không đủ vững để chịu xe tải nặng) - All athletes jumped high enough to reach the basket (Tất các vận động viên nhảy đủ cao để vói tới cái rổ) j) Sau các danh từ Ability, ambition,anxiety, attempt, decision, demand, desire, determination, eagerness, effort, failure, offer, plan, promise, refusal, request, scheme, willingness, wish Ví dụ : - Upstart officials often nurse their ambition to become the well-known statesmen (Quan chức phất lên thờng nuôi tham vọng trở thành chính khách lừng danh) - I want to know the sanctions against the failure to comply with traffic regulations (Tôi muốn biết biện pháp trừng phạt trường hợp không tuân thủ luật đờng) Đặc biệt - Why did you take so much milk? - I had to [take so much milk] I underwent an operation for appendicitis five days ago (Sao anh uống sữa nhiều vậy? - Tôi phải uống nhiều nh Tôi mổ ruột thừa cách đây năm ngày) - Would you like to join us for dinner? - Yes, I'd love to (join you for dinner) but I must go to school right now (Tôi muốn, tôi phải học bây giờ) -She wished to become a teacher but she wasn't able to (become a teacher) (Cô muốn làm cô giáo, không thành) - I feel lonely and want someone to talk to (Tôi cảm thấy cô đơn và muốn có đó để nói chuyện) - They need a cabinet to keep job applications in (Họ cần cái tủ để đựng hồ sơ xin việc) - There wasn't a thing to eat (Chẳng có cái gì để ăn cả) - The main thing to remember is (Điều chủ yếu cần nhớ là ) - To be perfectly frank/ To be honest/ To tell the truth,you are no match for her in tae kwon (Thực tình mà nói, anh không phải là đối thủ cô ta Thái cực đạo) -Thay vì He intends to go to supermarket and to buy a dishwasher (Anh ta định siêu thị và định mua máy rửa bát đĩa), ta viết He intends to go to supermarket and buy a dishwasher 12 Diền từ - dạng bài không quá khó (Phần 2) (I) Bài giảng: · Cấp độ cụm từ Khi học bài trên lớp, học sinh thường không chú ý nhiều đến các cụm từ cố định Hầu học sinh dừng lại việc hiểu nghĩa các cụm từ đó là chưa đủ Các bài điền từ thường nhằm vào cụm từ trên, bỏ trống thành phần và yêu cầu học sinh chọn từ điền vào Các phương án đưa thường không khác chức năng/ ngữ nghĩa có phương án kết hợp với các thành tố xung quanh và là đáp án đúng Ví dụ: Her parents wanted her to go to university but I know that she was really fed (2) with studying A on B in C up D down Trong giới từ trên có up là đáp án đúng vì kết hợp với từ đứng trước và từ sau thì nó tạo thành cụm từ có nghĩa Chính vì vậy, quá trình học tập các em cần lưu ý học thuộc cụm từ xuất cố định như: · To be fond of sth = to be keen on sth: yêu thích cái gì · To be interested in sth: thích thú, quan tâm cái gì · To be good at sth: giỏi lĩnh vực gì, giỏi làm gì · To be surprised at sth: ngạc nhiên vì điều gì… · To be fed up with sth: chán điều gì · To be bored with sth: chán làm gì (57) · To be tired of sth: mệt mỏi vì điều gì · To be afraid of sth: sợ, e ngại điều gì Ngoài ra, các câu hỏi hay tập trung vào cụm động tân cố định cụm động ngữ (phrasal verbs) · Cấp độ cấu trúc Người đề có thể bỏ bớt từ các cấu trúc học sinh đã học sách giáo khoa và đưa phương án lựa chọn Khi làm các câu hỏi này, các em cần lưu ý phân biệt rõ các từ và đặt nó vào bối cảnh cụ thể câu vì các lựa chọn đưa hầu hết có cùng ý nghĩa với có từ có thể điền vào chỗ trống để tạo thành cấu trúc đúng Ví dụ: It really takes you years to get to know someone well _ to consider your best friend A enough B such C too D so Trong câu trên, có enough có thể điền vào chỗ trống để tạo thành cấu trúc có nghĩa là V + Adv + enough + to sth Trong đó, such và so thường kèm với mệnh đề phía sau Too có cấu trúc gần giống enough khác vị trí và ý nghĩa Hãy xem ví dụ sau: The coffee is too hot to drink (Cà phê nóng quá nên không thể uống được) Như vậy, cấu trúc too là: Too + adj + to sth: quá… không thể làm gì Ngoài ra, chương trình học tiếng Anh phổ thông có nhiều bài nói cấu trúc so sánh tính từ và trạng từ nên đây là mảng kiến thức trọng tâm các câu hỏi trắc nghiệm điền từ Người đề có thể bỏ bớt thành tố câu trúc so sánh “than, as” đưa dạng so sánh kém khác cùng tính từ/ trạng từ và yêu cầu học sinh lựa chọn Ví dụ: When receiving the exam result, she seemed _ than his sister A more happy B happier C the more happy C the happiest Rõ ràng câu trên cần chọn B happier để điền vào chỗ trống vì câu này so sánh tính từ happy (do có than) Ta không dùng more happy vì tính từ này kết thúc chữ “y” · Cấp độ mệnh đề và câu Phổ biến cấp độ này là các câu hỏi hòa hợp chủ ngữ và động từ (subject – verb concord) Để làm tốt câu hỏi dạng này, các em cần phân biệt danh từ đếm và danh từ không đếm được; danh từ số ít và danh từ số nhiều để chia động từ/ trợ động từ cho đúng Các em cần lưu ý có nhiều từ kết thúc là –s là danh từ số ít (ví dụ series) hay có danh từ không kết thúc –s mà là danh từ số nhiều men (đàn ông), women (phụ nữ), feet (bàn chân), geese (con ngỗng), teeth (răng), lice (con rận), mice (con chuột) Ngoài còn có số danh từ có thể dùng dạng số ít và số nhiều như: fish (cá), carp (cá chép), cod (cá thu), squid (cá mực), trout (cá trầu), turbot (cá bơn), salmon (cá hồi), mackerel (cá thu), pike (cá chó), plaice (cá bơn sao), deer (con nai), sheep (con cừu) Có số từ/ cụm từ luôn luôn với danh từ đếm (như few, a few, many…) số từ bổ nghĩa cho danh từ không đếm (little, a little, much…) Ví dụ: We have cut down _ trees that there are now vast areas of wasteland all over the world A so much B so many C so few D so little Vì danh từ sau (trees) là danh từ đếm số nhiều nên có thể điền phương án B C Dựa vào ý nghĩa câu (vế sau) thì ta phải chọn B (Chúng ta đã chặt nhiều cây xanh ngày có nhiều khu đất hoang rộng lớn trên toàn giới) Mặt khác, việc xác định tương ứng số chủ ngữ và động từ giúp ta chọn đáp án chính xác từ phương án có nội dung tương tự Hãy xem ví dụ sau đây: 75% of the world’s _ is in English A mail B parcels C envelopes D letters Ngoài kiến thức thực tế, học sinh có thể phân tích ngữ pháp câu để chọn từ điền vào chỗ trống Ta thấy động từ to be chia dạng số ít là “is” nên chủ ngữ chắn là số ít không đếm Các phương án B, C, D dạng số nhiều nên danh từ không đếm mail chính là đáp án (58) Cuối cùng tôi xin lưu ý các em là làm bài dạng chọn từ điền vào chỗ trống đoạn văn, các em nên đọc kỹ toàn bài và hiểu mối quan hệ các thông tin trước và sau chỗ trống Đôi khi, đáp án lại có chính đoạn văn các em đọc! (II) Đề mẫu (Sample): Approximately 350 million people speak English as their first _(1) _ About the same number use it _(2) _ a second language It is the language _(3) _ aviation, international sport and world trade 75% of the world's mail is in English, 60% of the world's radio stations broadcast in English, and more than half of the world's newspapers are _(4) _ in English It is an official language in 44 countries In _(5) _ others, it is the language of business, commerce and technology There are many varieties of English, but Scottish, Australian, Indian and Jamaican speakers of English, in spite of the differences in pronunciation, structure and vocabulary, would recognize that they are all speaking the same basic language A language B languages C linguistics D linguist Key: A language Giải thích: Chỗ trống cần điền là danh từ tương ứng với English vế trước nên ta phải chọn danh từ số ít Khoảng 350 triệu người nói tiếng Anh là ngôn ngữ thứ họ (chứ không phải nhà ngôn ngữ họ) nên language là đáp án đúng A of B with C as D in Key: C as Giải thích: to use sth as sth: dùng cái gì cái gì Chỉ có từ as có thể điền vào chỗ trống để tạo thành cấu trúc đúng A on B to C from D of Key: D of Giải thích: the language of sth: ngôn ngữ lĩnh vực gì Chỉ có giới từ of ghép với danh từ language tạo thành cấu trúc đúng câu trên A spoken B printed C sold D taken Key: B printed Giải thích: spoken: nói, printed: in, sold: bán, taken: lấy Newspapers là báo in trên giấy nên printed là đáp án đúng A an B more C many D much Key: C many Giải thích: Ta thấy đứng sau chỗ trống cần điền là danh từ số nhiều others nên much và an bị loại Mặt khác, câu này và câu trước không có ý so sánh nên more không hợp lý Đáp án đúng đây là many 13 Cấu trúc câu – Những “viên gạch hồng” ngôn ngữ (I) Nội dung: Cấu trúc câu tiếng Anh khá nhiều Làm nào để “thuộc” và ứng dụng chúng cách hiệu nhất? Rất đơn giản, bạn hãy thực theo các bước sau: Làm quen với các thuật ngữ thường hay sử dụng: S: Subject (chủ ngữ) V: Verb (động từ) O: Object (tân ngữ) Adj: Adjective (tính từ) N: Noun (danh từ) Sb: Somebody (ai đó, người nào đó) Sth: Something (cái gì đó/ việc gì đó) Việc làm quen với các thuật ngữ trên giúp bạn dễ thuộc các cấu trúc nhiều Lập bảng kê cấu trúc câu: Chương trình ôn thi tốt nghiệp trung học phổ thông luôn bám sát v ới n ội dung h ọc sách giáo khoa B ởi v ậy bạn nên lập bảng kê các cấu trúc đã học cách hệ thống Các bạn có thể tham khảo mẫu đây: Bài Cấu trúc Nghĩa Ví dụ (59) The more …, the more … The more we learn, the more we know It took me two hours to get to Ai đó bao lâu để làm gì London ……… ……… ……… ……… Càng…càng It takes/ took sb time to st ……… ……… Tìm từ khóa cấu trúc: Việc ghi nhớ cấu trúc càng dễ dàng bạn tìm từ khóa cấu trúc đó Hãy dùng bút nhớ dòng để đánh dấu từ khóa đó (xem ví dụ bảng liệt kê mẫu) Tổ chức nhóm học ôn, không? Việc tổ chức nhóm học ôn hữu ích cho các bạn với điều kiện các bạn phải tập trung học thật nghiêm túc Bạn có thể so sánh bảng kê cấu trúc cùng với các thành viên nhóm Từng bạn nhóm đứng đọc vài cấu trúc bất kì tiếng Anh, hỏi các thành viên còn lại nghĩa và yêu cầu họ đọc ví dụ Cách làm này tạo nhiều hứng thú cho nhóm học Đọc các tài liệu tham khảo và luyện tập Để bổ sung kiến thức, bạn nên tham khảo và đúc rút thêm số cấu trúc câu qua quá trình đọc sách, báo, làm bài luyện tập… Đây là “khâu” quan trọng giúp bạn giành điểm tối đa bài thi tốt nghiệp (II) Sample: The cat was _ to wait for the mouse to come out of its hole A patient enough B so patient C enough patient D too patient Mary is the _ student in my class A tallest B taller C tall D as tall as She’d rather watch television, _? A doesn’t she B does she C would she D wouldn’t she It is impossible _ to pass the exam A of Mark B with Mark C at Mark D for Mark John is _ to fly to Rome to visit his grandfather A busy too B too busy C very busy D busy very Nancy don’t have _ to buy a new house A money enough B enough money C so money D too money Mr Brown has _ many patients _ he is always busy A too/ that B very/ until C such/ that D so/ that The more he tried to explain, _ A the most confused we got C the much confused we got B the more confused we got D the many confused we got It _ me two hours to get home because of the traffic jam yesterday A take B spends C took D spent 10 Mary was the last applicant _ A to be B to be C to interview D to have interviewed interviewing interviewed 14 Phát lỗi sai Dạng bài xác định lỗi sai đề thi đại học là dạng bài tương đối khó vì nó kiểm tra kiến thức toàn diện các em học sinh Có dạng bài xác định lỗi: lỗi chính tả và lỗi ngữ pháp Lỗi sai chính tả: Người đề cho từ viết sai chính tả (sai vì thừa thiếu chữ cái) Nhiệm vụ các em là phải tìm lỗi sai đó thông qua kiến thức từ vựng đã học Lỗi sai ngữ pháp: Đây là dạng phổ biến dạng bài xác định lỗi sai Dưới đây là số lỗi mà các đề thi thường yêu cầu các em tìm ra: Sai hòa hợp chủ ngữ và động từ Quy tắc là chủ ngữ số ít với động từ chia dạng số ít, chủ ngữ số nhiều với động từ chia dạng số nhiều Ngoài còn có số trường hợp khác mà các em phải nắm vững Ví dụ: Xác định lỗi sai câu sau (60) I like (A) pupils (B) who works (C) very hard (D) Who đây là thay cho pupils vì động từ mệnh đề quan hệ phải phù hợp với chủ ngữ tức dạng số nhiều Do đó lỗi sai cần tìm là C Sai thì động từ Nếu các em lưu ý đến trạng ngữ thời gian câu thì việc xác định thì động từ vô cùng dễ dàng Ví dụ: Xác định lỗi sai câu sau We (A) only get (B) home (C) from France (D) yesterday Do có trạng từ yesterday (hôm qua) nên động từ phải chia thì quá khứ - lỗi sai cần tìm là B Sai đại từ quan hệ Các đại từ quan hệ who, whose, whom, which, that có cách sử dụng khác Ví dụ who thay cho danh từ người đóng vai trò là chủ ngữ, which thay cho danh từ vật Ví dụ: Xác định lỗi sai câu sau He gave (A) orders to the manager (B) whose (C) passed them (D) on to the foreman Whose là đại từ quan hệ đóng vai trò là tính từ sở hữu Trong trường hợp này ta dùng đại từ bổ nghĩa cho danh từ manager Do đó, ta dùng who – lỗi sai cần tìm là C Sai bổ ngữ Các em phải chú ý nào thì dùng to infinitive, bare infinitive V-ing Ví dụ: Xác định lỗi sai câu sau I want to travel (A) because (B) I enjoy to meet (C) people and seeing new places (D) Ta có cấu trúc: enjoy + V-ing nên lỗi sai cần tìm là C Sai câu điều kiện Có loại câu điều kiện với cấu trúc và cách dùng khác Chỉ cần ghi nhớ và áp dụng đúng thì việc xác định lỗi sai không khó khăn Ví dụ: Xác định lỗi sai câu sau What would (A) you (B) if you will win (C) a million (D) pounds? Đây là câu điều kiện không có thực nên động từ mệnh đề if chia quá khứ (To be chia là were cho tất các ngôi) Sai giới từ Giới từ thường thành cụm cố định to be fond of, to be fed up with, to depend on, at least Các em cần phải học thuộc lòng cụm từ đó Ví dụ: Xác định lỗi sai câu sau We're relying (A) with (B) you to find (C) a solution (D) to this problem To rely on sb: tin cậy, trông đợi vào Do đó, B là đáp án cần tìm Sai hình thức so sánh Có hình thức so sánh là so sánh bằng, so sánh và so sánh Các em phải nắm vững cấu trúc loại vì người đề thường cho sai hình thức so sánh tính/ trạng từ cố tình làm lẫn loại so sánh với Ví dụ: Xác định lỗi sai câu sau The North (A) of England (B) is as industrial (C) than the South (D) Đây là câu so sánh vì có than – as industrial phải chuyển thành more industrial So that và such that Ta có cấu trúc câu sau: So + adj/ adv + that + clause Such + (a/ an) + adj + n + that + clause Quan sát câu đã cho xem có mạo từ a/ an hay danh từ hay không để dùng so such Ví dụ: Xác định lỗi sai câu sau It seems (A) like so (B) a long way to drive (C) for just (D) one day Có mạo từ a nên câu phải dùng cấu trúc such that B là đáp án cần tìm Many và much Các em học sinh hay nhầm lẫn many và much Many dùng trước danh từ đếm số nhiều còn much dùng trước danh từ không đếm Ví dụ: Xác định lỗi sai câu sau I don't want to invite (A) too much (B) people because (C) it's quite (D) a small flat (61) People là danh từ đếm nên phải dùng many thay cho much Samples Xác định từ có gạch chân cần phải sửa để câu sau trở thành chính xác: My uncle lived (A) in Hanoi since (B) 1990 to 1998, but he is now living (C) in (D) Hue I’d like to go (A) on a holiday (B), but (C) I haven’t got many (D) money My shoes need (A) mend (B) so (C) I take them (D) to a shoes-maker The weather is (A) more hot (B) as (C) it was (D) yesterday By the time (A) the (B) police come (C) the robber had run (D) away They had to (A) sell their (B) house because of (C) they needed (D) money The teacher said (A) that Peter had made (B) much (C) mistakes in (D) his essays Peter said (A) that it was (B) her which (C) had stolen (D) his suitcase It was so (A) a funny film (B) that (C) I burst out laughing (D) 10 Before (A) to go (B) out, remember (C) to turn off (D) the lights 15 Câu đảo ngữ Thế nào là câu đảo ngữ? Có bao nhiêu loại câu đảo ngữ mà các em nên biết? Trong bài học này, Global Education giải đáp thắc mắc đó giúp các em Đảo ngữ đề cập tới tượng động từ không theo qui tắc câu Trong trường hợp này, dạng thức nghi vấn (có cấu trúc: trợ động từ + chủ ngữ + động từ chính) nằm cấu trúc câu khẳng định (ví dụ: He goes to work every day) Dưới đây là vài ví dụ câu đảo ngữ: · Not only I enjoy classical music, but I also enjoy Pop music (Tôi không thích nhạc cổ điển mà tôi còn thích nhạc Pop) · Seldom has the boss been so upset! (Hiếm thủ trưởng thất vọng vậy!) Câu đảo ngữ có chứa trạng từ phủ định: Nhìn chung, câu đảo ngữ thường dùng để nhấn mạnh tính đặc biệt kiện nào đó và thường mở đầu phủ định từ Nhóm từ: never (không bao giờ), rarely (hiếm khi), seldom (hiếm khi) Câu đảo ngữ chứa trạng ngữ này thường dùng với động từ dạng hoàn thành hay động từ khuyết thiếu và có chứa so sánh Ví dụ: · Never have I been more insulted! (Chưa tôi bị lăng mạ thế) · Seldom has he seen anything stranger (Hiếm anh nhìn thấy cái gì kì lạ thế) Nhóm từ: hardly (hầu không), barely (chỉ vừa đủ, vừa vặn), no sooner (vừa mới), or scarcely (chỉ mới, vừa vặn) Câu đảo ngữ chứa trạng ngữ này thường dùng để diễn đạt chuỗi các kiện xảy quá khứ Ví dụ: · Scarcely had I got out of bed when the doorbell rang (Hiếm chuông cửa reo mà tôi thức dậy) · No sooner had he finished dinner, when she walked in the door (Khi anh vừa ăn tối xong thì chị ta bước vào cửa) Nhóm từ kết hợp sau “Only” như: only after, only when, only then… Only thường cùng từ thời gian Ví dụ: · Only then did I understand the problem (Chỉ sau lúc đó tôi hiểu vấn đề) Nhóm từ: So, Such Câu đảo ngữ có chứa “So” mang cấu trúc sau: So + tính từ + to be + Danh từ … Ví dụ: · So strange was the situation that I couldn't sleep (Tình này kì lạ khiến tôi không thể ngủ được) · So difficult is the test that students need three months to prepare (Bài kiểm tra khó tới mức mà các sinh viên cần tháng chuẩn bị) Câu đảo ngữ có chứa “Such” mang cấu trúc sau: “Such + to be + Danh từ +…” Ví dụ: (62) · Such is the moment that all greats traverse (Thật là thời khắc trở ngại lớn lao) · Such is the stuff of dreams (Thật là giấc mơ vô nghĩa) Dạng câu điều kiện có chứa đảo ngữ: Câu điều kiện có chứa đảo ngữ mang sắc thái trang trọng Trong trường hợp này, đảo ngữ thay cho mệnh đề chứa “if” Ví dụ: · Had he understood the problem, he wouldn't have committed those mistakes (Nếu hiểu vấn đề, đã không phạm phải sai lầm đó) · Should he decide to come, please phone me immediately (Nếu định đến, hãy gọi điện cho tôi) Samples Rarely she made mistake since she was a manager A have B has C is D are _ the truth, she wouldn’t have given Mark the money A She had B She has know C Had she known D Has she known known So beautiful _ that the Queen is envious with her A Snow White is B Snow White are C is Snow White D are Snow White Never _ in such a strange situation A has I been B have I been C am I been D I have been Seldom _ dinner together A Mark and Juliet have C is Mark and Juliet have B does Mark and Juliet have D are Mark and Juliet have Hardly _ his wife presents on her birthday A did James B does James C had James given D James give given gave Scarcely _, the rain became much more heavier A have I come in B had I come in C I have come in D I came in Only then the letter from my son A I receive B did I receive C have I received D has I received No sooner , when Mary came over A have John gone B had John gone C has John gone D John has gone out out out out 10 So frightened _ the film that I couldn’t sleep yesterday A is B are C was D have Đáp án bài thi mẫu bài học Câu đảo ngữ Key: B Hint: “Since” là dấu hiệu cho ta thấy câu trên chia thì hoàn thành “Rarely” là dấu hiệu cho thấy câu có chứa đảo ngữ She là dấu hiệu cho thấy chủ ngữ ngôi thứ số ít Kết hợp yếu tố ta lựa chọn đáp án has Key: C Hint: Vế sau câu là mệnh đề chính câu điều kiện loại III Các đáp án đưa không có từ “if” Kết hợp điều kiện trên ta thấy đây là câu điều kiện loại III có chứa đảo ngữ Đáp án đúng là Had she known Key: C Hint: Nhận thấy “So”đứng đầu câu nên đây là câu đảo ngữ có chứa “So” Chủ ngữ là động từ ngôi thứ số ít Kết hợp yếu tố trên ta lựa chọn đáp án is Snow White Key: B Hint: Đây là câu đảo ngữ có chứa Never, chủ ngữ là I Vậy đáp án đúng là have I been Key: A Hint: Đây là câu đảo ngữ có chứa Seldom, chủ ngữ là số nhiều, động từ chia thì đơn giản Vậy đáp án đúng là Mark and Juliet have Key: C (63) Hint: Đây là câu đảo ngữ có chứa Hardly Đáp án đúng là had Jame given đáp án còn lại sai không có kết hợp chính xác động từ và đảo ngữ Key: B Hint: Đây là câu đảo ngữ có chứa Scarcely (chỉ mới, vừa vặn), động từ vế sau “the rain became much more heavier” dạng quá khứ Vậy động vế trước đó phải dạng quá khứ hoàn thành Đáp án đúng là had I come in Key: B Hint: Đây là câu đảo ngữ chứa Only then (chỉ sau đó) Như việc đã đề cập đến phải xảy Động từ chia thì quá khứ đơn giản Đáp án đúng là B Key: B Hint: Đây là câu đảo ngữ có chứa No sooner (vừa mới) Động từ mệnh đề when chia thì quá khứ đơn giản Do đó động từ mệnh đề chứa No sooner dạng quá khứ hoàn thành là hợp lý Vậy đáp án đúng là had John gone out 10 Key: C Hint: “yesterday” là dấu hiệu cho biết động từ chia thì quá khứ đơn giản Do đáp án đúng là was 16 Đi tìm “cặp đôi” cho câu Tìm câu có nghĩa tương đương với câu cho sẵn là dạng bài tập phổ biến Với kiểu bài trắc nghiệm, học sinh cần chọn bốn câu có nghĩa gần với câu cho trước Yêu cầu đề đơn giản nhiều học sinh tốn không ít thời gian quý báu cho dạng bài này A, Đối với bài thi tuyển sinh Đại học, dạng bài tập này thường có đến 10 câu với form sau: Chọn phương án (A, B, C, D) ứng với câu có nghĩa gần với câu cho sẵn sau đây: She started learning English ten years ago A She has not learnt English before B She has learnt English since ten years C She has started learning English for ten years D She has learnt English for ten years B, Để làm tốt dạng bài này mà không quá nhiều thời gian suy nghĩ, các em nên lưu ý mẹo nhỏ sau: Khi đọc câu gốc, các em không nên tự mày mò suy nghĩ xem câu đó có thể viết lại nào Thay vào đó, để tiết kiệm thời gian, hãy đọc trực tiếp các phương án cho sẵn tìm điểm giống và khác chúng Thông thường, người đề thi kiểm tra MỘT đơn vị kiến thức câu hỏi Vì học sinh dễ nhận biết phần kiến thức nào kiểm tra Hãy xem ví dụ sau đây: "Leave my house now or I'll call the police!" shouted the lady to the man A The lady threatened to call the police if the man didn't leave her house B The lady said that she would call the police if the man didn't leave her house C The lady told the man that she would call the police if he didn't leave her house D The lady informed the man that she would call the police if he didn't leave her house Ta thấy mệnh đề sau bốn phương án không có gì khác Điểm khác biệt nằm động từ sau chủ ngữ Chính động từ này đã nói lên ý nghĩa thực lời nói trực tiếp câu gốc Và điều học sinh cần làm là xác định ý nghĩa câu nói trực tiếp để chọn động từ thể chính xác ý nghĩa đó Trong câu hỏi trên, rõ ràng người phụ nữ đe dọa gọi cảnh sát người đàn ông không chịu khỏi nhà bà ta Trong động từ threatened, said, told và informed thì threatened thể rõ ý nghĩa này nên A là đáp án đúng Những kiến thức thường kiểm tra dạng bài tập này bao gồm: ý nghĩa câu trực tiếp (cần làm rõ động từ chính câu gián tiếp tương ứng), ý nghĩa tình giao tiếp xã hội, ý nghĩa động từ khuyết thiếu (will, shall, may, might, should, etc.), ý nghĩa hàm ẩn các loại thì động từ chính câu v.v… Trong quá trình học tập, các em cần nắm vững cấu trúc cách dùng các cấu trúc câu, đặc biệt là các loại câu so sánh và câu điều kiện vì kiểu câu này có nhiều trường hợp, tương ứng với trường hợp lại có cách chia động từ khác Người đề thi thường dựa vào điểm này để xáo trộn các chi tiết nhỏ các loại điều kiện so sánh với nhau, ghép chúng lệch khiến học sinh bị rối và nhầm lẫn không nắm vững cấu trúc Ví dụ: Chọn câu (ứng với A, B, C, D) diễn đạt đúng nghĩa câu sau: (64) I didn't have an umbrella with me, so I got wet A If I had had an umbrella, I wouldn't get wet B If I had had an umbrella, I would get wet C If I had had an umbrella, I wouldn't have got wet D If I had had an umbrella, I would have got wet Câu gốc nói việc đã xảy quá khứ nên câu điều kiện dùng cho trường hợp này phải là câu điều kiện loại Nếu không nhớ chắn động từ câu điều kiện loại chia nào, học sinh cảm thấy bối rối đọc phương án trên và dẫn đến nhầm lẫn lựa chọn Tuy nhiên, học tập cẩn thận, các em biết mệnh đề chính câu điều kiện loại 3, động từ chia dạng “would have + P2” nên C là đáp án đúng Trong tiếng Anh có nhiều kiểu câu diễn đạt các cặp câu “too” và “so… that”, “if… not” và “unless”, “neither… nor” và “not either…or”, “It takes…” và “spend…” Khi đọc thấy câu gốc liên quan đến các cặp câu đó, các em nên nghĩ đến cấu trúc viết tương ứng Khả tiên đoán này giúp cho việc xác định điểm giống và khác các phương án nhanh và dễ Ví dụ: Chọn câu (ứng với A, B, C, D) diễn đạt đúng nghĩa câu sau: Learning English is not easy A It is not easy to learning English B It is easy learning English C It is not easy to learn English D It is not difficult to learn English Khi nhìn thấy câu có cụm động từ làm chủ ngữ ta nghĩ đến cấu trúc “it’s + adj + to sth” và công việc còn lại là xét xem câu nào đúng nghĩa Vì câu gốc dạng phủ định “not easy” nên câu tương đương phải dùng “not easy” “difficult” Và vì thế, có C là đáp án đúng Như vậy, với trợ giúp phương án, cần với chút nhanh ý và thông minh việc xét điểm giống và khác là các em có thể chọn phương án phù hợp và thành công Samples Chọn phương án (theo A, B, C, D) có nghĩa gần với câu cho trước “Don’t forget to phone the office”, she said A She reminded him not forget to phone the C She reminded him to phone the office office D She reminded him about phoning the B She reminded him to forget not to phone office the office It is believed that the man escaped in a stolen car A The man is believed to be escaped in a stolen car B The man is believed to have escaped in a stolen car C The man was believed to be escaped in a stolen car D They believed that the man stole the car They spent a lot of money on food and clothes A A lot of money was spent on food and C A lot of money on food and clothes were clothes spent B A lot of money were spent on food and D Money was spent a lot on food and clothes clothes The thief wore gloves so as to avoid leaving any fingerprints A The thief wore gloves so as to not leave any fingerprints B The thief wore gloves so that not leave any fingerprints C The thief wore gloves in order not to leave any fingerprints D The thief wore gloves in order to not leave any fingerprints Chọn câu (ứng với A B, C, D) diễn đạt đúng nghĩa câu sau: The coffee was too hot for me to drink A The coffee is so hot that I can't drink it C The coffee was so hot that I couldn't drink B The coffee is so hot that I can't drink D The coffee was so hot that I couldn't drink it Chọn câu (ứng với A B, C, D) diễn đạt đúng nghĩa câu sau: (65) Jane is a better cook than Daisy A Daisy can't cook as good as Jane C Daisy can cook as badly as Jane B Daisy isn't a cook as good as Jane D Daisy can't cook as well as Jane Chọn câu (ứng với A B, C, D) diễn đạt đúng nghĩa câu sau: The problem is difficult to solve A It is difficult problem to solve C It is difficult to solve the problem B It is a problem difficult solve D It is difficult solve the problem "You should have finished the report by now," John told his secretary A John reproached his secretary for not having finished the report B John said that his secretary had not finished the report C John reminded his secretary of finishing the report on time D John scolded his secretary for not having finished the report "Cigarette?" he asked "No, thanks." I said A He asked for a cigarette, and I immediately C He offered me a cigarette, but I promptly refused declined B He mentioned a cigarette, so I thanked D He asked if I was smoking, and I denied at him once 10 "I will pay back the money, Gloria." said Ivan A Ivan apologised to Gloria for borrowing her C Ivan promised to pay back Gloria's money money D Ivan suggested paying back the money to B Ivan offered to pay Gloria the money back Gloria Đáp án bài thi mẫu bài học Đi tìm “cặp đôi” cho câu Chọn phương án (theo A, B, C, D) có nghĩa gần với câu cho trước Key: C Giải thích: Câu nói trực tiếp trên là lời nhắc nhở Tương ứng với nó là cấu trúc “to remind sb to sth” nên C là đáp án đúng (Lưu ý: đã có remind thì not forget to… là thừa) Key: B Giải thích: Đây là câu bị động đặc biệt Thì động từ chính phụ thuộc vào động từ “is” trên còn động từ mệnh đề sau phụ thuộc vào động từ “escaped” trên Vì escape chia quá khứ nên câu tương đương nó phải chuyển thành “to have escaped” Do vậy, B là đáp án đúng Key: A Giải thích: Ta cần tìm câu bị động cho câu gốc chủ động Money là danh từ không đếm nên tobe phải chia số ít Vậy A là đáp án đúng Key: C Giải thích: so as to và in order to có nghĩa là để làm gì có in order not to phương án trên là hợp lý nên C là đáp án đúng Key: D Giải thích: Câu gốc thì quá khứ đơn nên câu có nghĩa tương đương phải thì quá khứ đơn Hơn nữa, sau động từ “drink” cần tân ngữ nên đáp án đúng là D Key: D Giải thích: Câu gốc là câu so sánh động từ cook (Jane Daisy) nên câu tương đương dùng so sánh không phải có nghĩa “Daisy không Jane” Vì bổ sung ý nghĩa cho động từ nên ta phải dùng trạng từ (well) không phải tính từ (good) Vì thế, D là đáp án đúng Key: C Giải thích: Tương đương với câu gốc là cấu trúc “It is + adj + to sth” nên C là đáp án đúng Key: A Giải thích: Câu nói John rõ ràng là lời quở mắng Có hai từ reproach và scold là trách mắng scold thường dùng để nói việc chê trách hành vi người khác còn reproach là trách mắng vì đó đã không hoàn thành hay làm việc gì mong đợi Vì ta chọn A Key: C Giải thích: Đây là tình mang tính giao tiếp xã hội Đoạn hội thoại trên là lời mời và lời từ chối, và vì C là đáp án đúng 10 Key: C (66) Giải thích: Câu trên liên quan đến vai trò động từ khuyết thiếu “will” Câu nói Ivan thực chất là lời hứa nên từ “apologised”, “offered”, “promised” và “suggested” thì promised là từ gần nghĩa 10 CẤU TẠO TỪ PHẦN 1: MỘT SỐ LƯU Ý 1) Quan sát cấu trúc ngữ pháp câu Ví dụ 1: The equipment in our office needs _ A moderner B modernizing C modernized D modernization Câu có chủ ngữ là vật (The equipment) nên sau need là V-ing – Đáp án câu là modernizing Mỗi loại động từ với dạng bổ trợ định Khi các em biết cấu trúc nó thì việc xác định cấu tạo từ sau nó dễ dàng Các động từ mind, enjoy, avoid, finish, keep thì động từ sau nó luôn là V-ing Các động từ agree, aim, appear, ask, attempt, decide, demand thì bổ trợ luôn là động từ nguyên thể có to Ví dụ 2: That is the most _ girl I’ve seen A beautifuler B beautiful C beautifulest D beautifully Từ cần điền là tính từ bổ nghĩa cho girl Trước vị trí ô trống là the most – dấu hiệu so sánh Đến đây nhiều em chọn beautifulest vì nghĩ tính từ dạng so sánh thêm –est cuối từ quy tắc này áp dụng với tính từ ngắn, tính từ dài (hai âm tiết trở nên ) thì cấu trúc là the most + nguyên mẫu tính từ 2) Khi phương án A, B, C, D thuộc cùng loại từ vựng (danh từ tính từ) thì các em phải xem xét ý nghĩa từ để chọn đáp án chính xác Ví dụ : Computer is one of the most important _of the 20 th century A inventings B inventories C inventions D inventor Sau one of phải là danh từ số nhiều Tuy nhiên inventories lại có nghĩa là tóm tắt, kiểm kê inventions là phát minh, sáng chế Đáp án câu đương nhiên là inventions Nếu không các em hãy chú ý đến đuôi –tion, cách cấu tạo danh từ vật từ động từ thông dụng có thể suy đáp án câu 3) Xem xét ý nghĩa phủ định từ Khi thêm các tiền tố in, un, ir, dis thì nghĩa từ bị đảo ngược hoàn toàn Dựa vào các yếu tố đó các em có thể nhận biết nghĩa từ là khẳng định hay phủ định Tuy nhiên từ có thể kết hợp với loại phụ tố định Ví dụ responsible kết hợp với tiền tố ir-, illegal kết hợp với tiền tố il- Ví dụ: I think it’s very _ of him to expect us to work overtime every night this week A reason B reasonable C unreasonable D inreasonable Từ cần điền là tính từ Cụm từ “work overtime every night this week” mang hàm ý phủ định nên tính từ câu mang nghĩa phủ định – unreasonable (Reasonable kết hợp với tiền tố un- để tạo nên từ trái nghĩa) (67) Để làm dạng bài tập này các em phải liên hệ từ cần điền với các cụm từ khác câu để nhận biết ý câu là khẳng định hay phủ định từ đó xác định dạng thức từ PHẦN 2: MỘT SỐ CÁCH CẤU TẠO TỪ THÔNG DỤNG 1) Cấu tạo danh từ Danh từ cấu tạo từ động từ cách thêm các hậu tố như: -ment (arrangement, management ); -tion, -ion (repetition, decision ); -ence (reference, dependence) Chỉ người thì thêm các phụ tố –ee (empoyee), -er (teacher), -or (competitor), -ist (dentist ) Danh từ cấu tạo từ tính từ cách thêm các hậu tố như: -ty (difficulty ), -ness (carefulness ), -bility (responsibility ), -ce (confidence ) 2) Cấu tạo tính từ Tính từ thường cấu tạo từ danh từ và động từ cách thêm các hậu tố – ful (beautiful, helpful ), -less (harmless, careless ), -ous (dangerous, continuous ), - al (financial, econimical ), ic (climatic, politic ), - tive (active, competitive ), -able (trainable ), -ible (defensible ) 3) Cấu tạo động từ - Động từ cấu tạo thêm số phụ tố tố vào danh từ: en- (encourage); -en (threaten) - Động từ cấu tạo thêm số phụ tố vào tính từ: en- (enlarge); -en (widen); -ise; -ize (modernize, industrialise), -fy (purify) 4) Cấu tạo trạng từ Trạng từ thường cấu tạo việc thêm đuôi –ly vào tính từ: quick – quickly, beautiful – beautifully Một số trạng từ có hình thức giống với tính từ: fast, hard, far, much 5) Các tiền tố làm đảo ngược nghĩa từ Khi thêm số tiền tố un- (unhappy), in- (inactive), dis- (dislike), mis- (misspell, misunderstand), ir- (irresponsible), il- (illegal) thì nghĩa từ trái ngược hoàn toàn Tuy nhiên từ lại có thể kết hợp với loại phụ tố định, ví dụ mis- kết hợp với understand, spell không kết hợp với happy hay active Samples: Chọn phương án đúng (A, B, C D để hoàn thành câu sau: The American War of was won in 1776 A depending B dependence C independence D independent Although the spliting of the atom was one of the greatest scientific _of this century, there are many people who wish it had never happened A breakdown B breakthrough C breakup D breakaway Burning coal is an way of heating a house A economy B economic C economical D economically There are very few places left on earth Man has been nearly everywhere A explore B exploring C explored D unexplored The thing I hate about John is his A reliable B reliability C unreliability D unrelying The police are interested in the sudden _ of the valuable painting A unappearance B inappearance C appearance D disappearance There were 50 _ in the talent contest A competition B competitor C competitors D competitions Unless something is done about unemployment, the for the future is not good A lookout B lookup C outlook D look-in His boss told him off because he had behaved _ A responsible B responsibly C irresponsible D irresponsibly 10 In my opinion, all are equally bad, irrespective of which party they belong to A politics B politic C politician D politicians Đáp án: Key: C Hint: Từ cần điền là danh từ (sau giới từ of) nên dependence và independence thỏa mãn yêu cầu Bây ta xét ý nghĩa từ dependence – phụ thuộc, independence – độc lập thì hiển nhiên đáp án là independence “Cuộc kháng chiến giành độc lập Mỹ thắng lợi năm 1776” Key: B (68) Hint: Cả phương án là danh từ cấu tạo từ động từ break Breakdown nói hỏng hóc máy móc, breakthrough là phát kiến khoa học mới, breakup là đổ vỡ (trong gia đình), breakaway là chia ly, rời xa Đáp án câu có thể là breakthrough Key: C Hint: Bổ nghĩa cho danh từ way là tính từ nên economy và economically bị loại Economic với nghĩa là “thuộc kinh tế/mang tính chất kinh tế” còn economical lại nghĩa là “tiết kiệm” Xét nghĩa câu thì economical là phù hợp “Đốt than là cách sưởi ấm cho ngôi nhà tiết kiệm” Key: D Hint: Từ few mang ý nghĩa phủ định điều gì đó còn tồn ít từ đó ta suy tính từ câu phải mang ý nghĩa phủ định - unexplored chính là đáp án câu (Nhận biết từ trái nghĩa qua tiền tố un) Key: C Hint: Từ hate (ghét bỏ) mang hàm nghĩa phủ định đó danh từ (sau his) phải mang ý nghĩa phủ định Đáp án câu là unreliability Key: D Hint: Nghĩa câu trên dịch sau: “Cảnh sát quan tâm đến biến đột ngột tranh giá trị đó” Danh từ động từ appear (xuất hiện) phải mang nghĩa ngược lại – disappearance là đáp án câu (Appear kết hợp với tiền tố dis-) Key: C Hint: Từ điền vào ô trống là danh từ người dạng số nhiều – competitors là đáp án câu Key: C Hint: Các tổ hợp từ là dạng kết hợp look – lookup (sự tra cứu), look-in (cái nhìn thoáng qua), outlook (viễn cảnh/ triển vọng tương lai), lookout không tồn dạng danh từ mà có cụm động từ to look out Rõ ràng câu trên đề cập đến viễn cảnh tương lai nên đáp án là outlook Key: D Hint: Bổ nghĩa cho động từ behave phải là trạng từ nhiên tell sb off có nghĩa là “rầy la, kể tội” thì trạng từ bổ trợ cho behave (nguyên nhân dẫn đến việc tell off) phải mang nghĩa phủ định – irresponsibly là đáp án câu 10 Key: D Hint: Sau all là danh từ số nhiều Thông thường chúng ta nhận biết danh từ số nhiều đuôi s nhiên số danh từ môn học (economics, politics ) có đuôi s không phải danh từ số nhiều Đáp án câu là politicians – chính trị gia Global Education 11 Sentence structure_Bộ sưu tập cấu trúc câu (I) Nội dung: Làm nào để nhớ hết các cấu trúc câu đã học? Nhiều em học sinh miệt mài chăm ghi chép, học thuộc lòng tất gì thu nhận từ trên lớp cách chi tiết và tỉ mỉ Đó là chiều hướng tích cực việc học ngoại ngữ Tuy nhiên, để tiết kiệm thời gian và đẩy nhanh hiệu học, các em nên có cái nhìn tổng quát hệ thống cấu trúc câu, các mẫu câu thường gặp Đó là cách học thông minh, có phân tích kĩ lưỡng Liên quan tới hệ thống cấu trúc câu, các em cần biết tới các yếu tố sau: · Chủ ngữ và vị ngữ · Cụm từ · Mệnh đề · Dấu câu · Các loại câu và chính tả · Các mẫu câu · Việc chuyển đổi các mẫu câu · Thể câu Ở mức độ thi đại học nay, các em chưa thể sâu nghiên cứu các yếu tố trên đây Việc nắm các mẫu câu là cần thiết Các kí hiệu và thuật ngữ cần biết: · V-be = verb of being (động từ tobe) · LV = linking verb (hệ từ) (69) · V-int = intransitive verb (nội động từ) · V-tr = transitive verb (ngoại động từ) · ADV/TP = adverbial of time or place (trạng ngữ thời gian hay địa điểm) · ADJ = adjective (tính từ) · NP = Noun phrase (Cụm danh từ) · subject complement: bổ ngữ cho chủ ngữ · direct object: tân ngữ trực tiếp · indirect object: tân ngữ gián tiếp Trong tiếng Anh có 10 mẫu câu sau: NP1 + V-be + ADV/ TP · Động từ to be theo sau động từ chi địa điểm hay thời gian My friends are here NP1 (subject) V-be ADV/ TP · Trạng ngư chi thời gian và địa điểm có thể là cụm giới từ My friends are at the library NP1 (subject) V-be ADV/ TP NP1 + V-be + ADJ · Động từ to be theo sau tính từ (có chức làm thuộc ngư – bổ nghĩa cho chu ngư) His clear tenor was quite lovely voice NP1 (subject) V-be ADJ (subjective complement) · Tính từ có chức làm bổ ngư cho chu ngư có thể là cụm giới từ The supervisor was in a good mood today ADJ (subjective NP1 (subject) V-be complement) NP1 + V-be + NP1 · Động từ to be theo sau danh từ có chức làm bổ ngư cho chu ngư Mr James has been a teacher for forty years NP1 (subject) V-be NP1 (subjective complement) Chú ý: Cụm danh từ thứ có cùng số với cụm danh từ thứ vì nó cùng chủ ngữ (Mr James = teacher) NP1 + LV + ADJ · Động từ liên kết theo sau tính từ có chức làm bổ ngư cho chu ngư The cake on the table looks delicious NP1 (subject) LV ADJ (subjective complement) · Tính từ này có thể là cụm giới từ Marianne looks like her mother ADJ (subjective complement) NP1 (subject) LV NP1 + LV + NP1 · Động từ liên kết theo sau danh từ làm bổ ngư cho chu ngư At a very early Joan became a Buddhist age NP1 (subject) LV NP1 (subjective complement) Chú ý: Cụm danh từ thứ có cùng số với cụm danh từ thứ vì nó cùng chủ ngữ (Joan = Buddhist) NP1 + V-int · Động từ chi hành động không có tân ngư trưc tiếp In a few weeks my cousin will arrive NP1 (subject) V-int (70) Thậm chí động từ chi hành đ ộng theo sau cụm giới t ừ, nó v ẫn là n ội đ ộng t mi ễn là nó không nh ận tân ngư gián tiếp In a few my cousin will arrive with my uncle weeks NP1 (subject) V-int NP1 + V-tr + NP2 · Động từ chi hành động theo sau tân ngư trưc tiếp The archer shot an arrow into the target NP1 (subject) V-tr NP2 (direct object) NP1 + V-tr + NP2 + NP3 · Động từ chi hành động theo sau tân ngư gián tiếp, tiếp đó là tân ngư trưc tiếp Smithers gave the employees a raise NP1 (subject) V-tr NP2 (indirect object) NP3 (direct object) NP1 + V-tr + NP2 + ADJ · Động từ chi hành đ ộng theo sau tân ngư gián ti ếp Tân ng gián ti ếp đ ược theo sau b ởi m ột tính t làm bổ nghĩa cho nó The jury found the defendant guilty ADJ (objective NP1 (subject) NP2 (direct object) complement) 10 NP1 + V-tr + NP2 + NP2 · Động từ chi hành đ ộng theo sau tân ngư tr ưc ti ếp Tân ng này đ ược theo sau b ởi m ột danh t làm bổ ngư cho nó Most people consider Jacobsen a loyal friend NP1 (subject) NP2 (direct object) NP2 (objective complement) Chú ý: (Jacobsen = friend) Trên đây là 10 mẫu câu tiếng Anh giúp ích cho các em nhiều quá trình làm các dạng bài kỹ dạng bài ngữ pháp (II) Bài kiểm tra mẫu: Jane is not _ She’s just gone out for shopping A at here B on here C here D to here Mark was not _ at that time He can’t persuaded her parents to accept their journey A clever B cleverless C cleverly D cleverness Most students in class 12A5 consider Hưng A good monitor B a good monitor C is a good D are a good monitor monitor Joanne found the problem _ and so did John A difficulty B difficulties C difficult D difficultness ABC company’s manager gave Mark _ A a high raise B high raise C a tall raise D to a raise Yesterday George send his parents from Moscow A to a letter B with a letter C by a letter D a letter Two weeks ago, Eileen borrowed me but she forgot to bring me back A of a book B for a book C to a book D a book All of apples in the Smiths’ garden look A delicious B beauty C deliciousness D deliciously Elizabeth’s daughter felt extremely A misery B miserly C miseriliness D miserilinesses 10 The waiter brings Mary _ every morning A a glass of lemon juice C by a glass of lemon juice (71) Number Choose the correct sentence among A, B, C or D which has the same meaning as the given one The moon doesn't have the atmosphere, neither does the planet Mars A Neither the moon or the planet Mars has the atmosphere B Either the moon nor the planet Mars has the atmosphere C Neither the moon nor the planet Mars has the atmosphere D Either the moon or the planet Mars has the atmosphere Nora went to the gas station to have her tank filled A Nora's car is being repaired at the gas station B Nora is going to the gas station to pick up her car C Nora had her gas tank filled with gasoline D Nora is going to the gas station to pick up her tank You won't have a seat unless you book in advance A You may have a seat if you book in advance B You won't have a seat because you didn't book in advance C You will have a seat if you keep your book in front of you D You can't have a seat although you book in advance Mike has eaten lots of ice-cream and now he has a headache A If Mike didn't eat much ice-cream, he wouldn't have a headache B If Mike hadn't eaten much ice-cream, he wouldn't have a headache C Mike has a headache because he had eaten lots of ice-cream D If Mike hadn't eaten much ice-cream, he wouldn't have had a headache Linda seems to have very little record for other people's feelings A Linda has very few feelings like other poeple's B Linda appears unconcerned about other people's feelings C Linda has difficulty expressing her feelings for other people D Linda doesn't respect people who feel sorry for themselves I am looking for a job as a secretary A A secretary is looking for a job B I am looking for someone to work as a secretary C I accepted my job as a secretary D I am trying to find a job as a secretary Refusal to give a breath sample to the police could lead to your arrest A You could be arrested for not giving a beath sample to the police B If you refuse to be arrested, you have to give a breath sample C If a breath sample is not given, the polive will refuse to arrest you D The police could cause you to give a breath sample to decide whether to arrest you or not You can try as hard as you like but you won't succeed A However hard you try, you won't succeed B You can hardly try as you like, but you won't succeed C You won't succeed because you can't try as hard D Although you won't succeed, you can try as hard as you like Tom writes French as well as he speaks it A Tom is bad at writing French B Tom does not speak French so well as he writes it (72) C Tom writes and speaks French equally well D Even though Tom writes French well, he speaks it better 10 It's the first time I've been to a flower shor A I haven't been to a flower show for years B It's the first tiem I've seen so many flowers C I haven't been to a flower show before D This is the first flower show I know 11 If it hadn't been so late, I would have called you A It was not late when I called you B It was late, so I did not call you C It was late, but I called you D It was not late but I did not call you 12 No one but the seven-year-old boy saw the accident A Only the seven-year-old boy saw the accident B No one at all saw the seven-year-old boy's accident C The seven-year-old boy saw no one in the accident D No one in the accident saw the seven-year-old boy 13 Most people get fewer colds in summer than in winter A A person is more likely to get a cold in winter B More people have summer colds than winter colds C People get colder in summer than in winter D Winter is much colder than summer 14 They are watering the flowers A The flowers are being watered by them B They need some water and flowers C There are some water on the flowers D They are putting the flowers in water 15 I would rather you stopped talking about her A I would rather stop talking about her B I prefer you not to talk about her any more C I would rather you not talk about her D I want you to talk about her 16 Completed in 1756, Nassau Hall, which is now standing on the campus of Princeton University, is the oldest building A Completed in 1756, Nassau Hall is the oldest building now has stood on the campus of Princeton University B Completed in 1756, Nassau Hall is the oldest building now it stands on the campus of Princeton University C Completed in 1756, Nassau Hall is the oldest building now standing on the campus of Princeton University D Completed in 1756, Nassau Hall is the oldest building now stood on the campus of Princeton University 17 The hardworking cabinetmaker, Ducan Phyfe, was the one person who was most responsible for making New York City a center of furniture design in the early nineteenth century A The one person most responsible for making New York City a center of furniture design in the early nineteenth century he was hardworking cabinetmaker, Ducan Phyfe B The one person most responsible for making New York City a center of furniture design in the early nineteenth century was hardworking cabinetmaker, Ducan Phyfe (73) C The one person most responsible for making New York City a center of furniture design in the early nineteenth century by working hard, the cabinetmaker, Ducan Phyfe D The one person most responsible for making New York City a center of furniture design in the early nineteenth century through his hard work cabinetmaker, Ducan Phyfe 18 She had only just put the phone down when her boss rang back A Hardly she had put the phone down when her boss rang back B Hardly she puts the phone down when her boss rang back C Hardly did she put the phone down when her boss rang back D Hardly had she put the phone down when her boss rang back 19 Her mother is the most warm-hearted person I've known A I've never known a more warm-hearted person than her mother B I don't know a more warm-hearted person than her mother C I didn't know a more warm-hearted person than her mother D I had never known a more warm-hearted person than her mother 20 It isn't necessary for you to finish the report by Sunday A You don't need finish the report by Sunday B You mustn't finish the report by Sunday C You might not finish mthe report by Sunday D You don't need to finish the report by Sunday 21 Your refusal to attend the party made everyone sad A Everyone felt sad attending the party B Everyone felt sad when you refused to attend the party C Your attendance at the party made everyone feel sad D You made everyone sad about your refusal to throw the party 22 Mr Smith is now the fifth wealthiest man in this city A Mr Smith is wealthier than five people in this city B No one in this city has more wealth than Mr Smith C Mr Smith is wealthiest one in this city D Only four people in this city are wealthier than Mr Smith 23 California attracted people from many countries when gold was discovered in 1848 A Discovered in 1848, gold was attractive to people in California B Discovered in California in 1848, gold attracted people from many countries there C Gold in California was discovered in 1848 after many people came here D When people are attracted to California, they discovered gold in 1848 24 Were it not for the money, this job wouldn't be worthwhile A The only thing that makes this job worthwhile is the money B This job is rewarding at all C This job offers a poor salary D Although the salary is poor, the job is worthwhile 25 As soon as he arrived at the airport, he called home A Calling home, he said that he had arrived at the airport B No sooner had he arrived at the airport than he called home C He arrived at the airport sooner than he had expected D He arrived at the airport and called me to take him home 26 I like Robinson Crusoe He is the main character in a book by Daniel Defoe A I like Robinson Crusoe because he is the main chareacter in a book by Daniel Defoe B I like Robinson Crusoe, who is the main chareacter in a book by Daniel Defoe (74) C I like Robinson Crusoe and who is the main chareacter in a book by Daniel Defoe D I like Robinson Crusoe, who are the main chareacter in a book by Daniel Defoe 27 There was a hurricane in August 1992 over West Africa This hurricane was named Andrew A There was a hurricane who was named Andrew in August 1992 over West Africa B There was a hurricane what was named Andrew in August 1992 over West Africa C There was a hurricane which was named Andrew in August 1992 over West Africa D There was a hurricane whom was named Andrew in August 1992 over West Africa 28 There are a lot of people The people like to things together A There are a lot of people whom like to things together B There are a lot of people who like to things together C There are a lot of people who like things together D There are a lot of people like to things together 29 Sue lives in a house The house is opposite my house A Sue lives in a house where is opposite my house B Sue lives in a house which is opposite my house C Sue lives in a house who is opposite my house D Sue lives in a house and which is opposite my house 30 The plants may develop differently The plants grow on that island A The plants which grows on that island may develop differently B The plants which grow on that island may develop differently C The plants grow on that island may develop differently D The plants which grow that island may develop differently 31 Sam emphasized the importance of being thoughtful toward one another A Sam said that people should not talk too much B Sam said that people should not be too serious C Sam said that people should consider the feelings of others D Sam said that people should discuss intellectual topics 32 Unlike her friends, Jane prefers an independent life A Jane doesn't like her friends because she prefers an independent life B Her friends live in an independent life and Jane doesn't like it C Jane doesn't like her friends to live in a dependent life D Jane prefers an independent life but her friends not 33 I used to live in Happy Valley A I'm used to living in Happy Valley B I'm living in Happy Valley C I once lived in Happy Valley but no longer live there D I've always lived in Happy Valley 34 My sister speaks little German A My sister can speak German rather well B My sister doesn't speak much German C My sister speaks German softly D My sister speaks German badly 35 We could have helped her out A We didn't help her when she had difficulty B We succeeded in helping her out C Although we didn't help her, she managed to go out D We could, so we helped her out (75) 36 Who made you work so hard yesterday? A Who forced you to work so hard yesterday? B Why did you work so hard yesterday? C What made you work so hard yesterday? D How could you work so hard yesterday? 37 Despite his inexperience in the field, John applied for the job A John was unable to the job because he was inexperienced B John applied for the job because he has experience in the field C John did not apply for the job because of his inexperience in the field D John applied for the job even though he has no experience in the field 38 I couldn't help laughing when he told me that story A The story he told me did not help at all B I did not laugh when hearing that story C I couldn't help him tell that story D I couldn't resist laughing when he told me that story 39 She feels happy because of her coming birthday party A She feels happy to come to a birthday party B Her coming birthday aprty makes her happy C Because she was born she feels happy D Her birthday party will happily come 40 "That's a lovely new dress, Jean," said her mother A Jean's mother said she liked her dress B Jean's mother complimented her on the lovely new dress C Jean's mother wanted to buy a lovely new dress D Jean's mother told her to buy that lovely new dress 41 Anne had the TV on when her parents entered the room A Anne's parents told her to turn on the TV B Anne noticed her parents watching TV C Anne's parents found her watching TV D The TV was on a table in Anne's room 42 How long have you had this watch? A Since when did you buy this watch? B When did you buy this watch? C How long have you bought this watch? D Since when have you bought this watch? 43 The tourists were unharmed after the train crash A All the tourists were injured in the train crash B None of the tourists were injured in the train crash C The train crash was not harmful for the tourists D The tourists were very afraid after the train crash 44 Sophie exchanged the shoes for a different pair A One of Sophie's shoes did not fit, so she returned them both B Sophie took the shoes back to the store and got some different ones C Because of a problem with the heel of the shoes, Sophie retuerned the shoes D Sophie returned the shoes and took a pair of trousers instead 45 I was shocked that John stole the car A John was shocked that he could not take the car (76) B That John stole the car shocked me C John's car was very shocking D The car was stolen, and John was shocked 46 Jane refused to attend his birthday party, which made him feel sad A Jane's refusal to attend his birthday party made him feel sad B He felt sad not to be able to attend her birthday party C Jane made him sad despite her refusal to attend his birthday party D Jane refused to attend his birthday party because it made him feel sad 47 Mr Pike used to jog a lot A Mr Pike is accustomed to jogging a lot B Mr Pike never jogged in the past C Mr Pike jogs a lot now D Mr Pike jogged a lot in the past 48 the music was so loud that we couldn't hear what you said A You didn't say loud enough for us to hear B Because of the loud music, we couldn't hear you C The music was too loud that we couldn't hear you D The music was too loud for us to hear 49 It's a pity that Anne hates studying A Anne uses some strange methods when she studies B Anne receives very good grades although she doesn't study C Anne is very fond of studying something pitiful D It's too bad that Anne dislikes studying 50 Kate's father was unhappy when she ddecided to quit school A Kate's father was very happy about her decision B Kate was not happy about her father's decision C Kate's father was not happy about her quitting school D Kate's father decided not to send her to school 51 The moon doesn't have the atmosphere, neither does the planet Mars A Neither the moon or the planet Mars has the atmosphere B Either the moon nor the planet Mars has the atmosphere C Neither the moon nor the planet Mars has the atmosphere D Either the moon or the planet Mars has the atmosphere 52 Nora went to the gas station to have her tank filled A Nora's car is being repaired at the gas station B Nora is going to the gas station to pick up her car C Nora had her gas tank filled with gasoline D Nora is going to the gas station to pick up her tank 53 You won't have a seat unless you book in advance A You may have a seat if you book in advance B You won't have a seat because you didn't book in advance C You will have a seat if you keep your book in front of you D You can't have a seat although you book in advance 54 Mike has eaten lots of ice-cream and now he has a headache A If Mike didn't eat much ice-cream, he wouldn't have a headache B If Mike hadn't eaten much ice-cream, he wouldn't have a headache (77) C Mike has a headache because he had eaten lots of ice-cream D If Mike hadn't eaten much ice-cream, he wouldn't have had a headache 55 Linda seems to have very little record for other people's feelings A Linda has very few feelings like other poeple's B Linda appears unconcerned about other people's feelings C Linda has difficulty expressing her feelings for other people D Linda doesn't respect people who feel sorry for themselves 56 I am looking for a job as a secretary A A secretary is looking for a job B I am looking for someone to work as a secretary C I accepted my job as a secretary D I am trying to find a job as a secretary 57 Refusal to give a breath sample to the police could lead to your arrest A You could be arrested for not giving a beath sample to the police B If you refuse to be arrested, you have to give a breath sample C If a breath sample is not given, the polive will refuse to arrest you D The police could cause you to give a breath sample to decide whether to arrest you or not 58 You can try as hard as you like but you won't succeed A However hard you try, you won't succeed B You can hardly try as you like, but you won't succeed C You won't succeed because you can't try as hard D Although you won't succeed, you can try as hard as you like 59 Tom writes French as well as he speaks it A Tom is bad at writing French B Tom does not speak French so well as he writes it C Tom writes and speaks French equally well D Even though Tom writes French well, he speaks it better 60 It's the first time I've been to a flower shor A I haven't been to a flower show for years B It's the first tiem I've seen so many flowers C I haven't been to a flower show before D This is the first flower show I know 61 "He lost his job three months." A It is three months ago since he lost his job B It is three months since he lost his job C They are three months since he lost his job D It has been three months ago since he has lost his job 62 "She hasn't played the piano for five years." A She doesn't play the piano five years ago B The last time she played the piano was five years ago C The last time she played the piano five years ago D She played the piano five years 63 It is believed that the man escaped in a stolen car A The man is believed to have escaped in a stolen car B The man believed to escape in a stolen car C The man is believed to escape in a stolen car D They believed that the man stole the car (78) 64 I didn't have an umbrella with me, so I got wet A If I had had an umbrella, I wouldn't get wet B If I had had an umbrella, I would get wet C If I had had an umbrella, I would have got wet D If I had had an umbrella, I wouldn't have got wet 65 The coffee was too hot for me to drink A The coffee was so hot that I can't drink it B The coffee was so hot that I couldn't drink C The coffee was so hot that I couldn't drink it D The coffee was so hot that I can't drink 66 In spite of their differences, Peter and John plan to be roommates A Peter and John not like each other B Peter and John will be different roommates C Peter and John are too different to be roommates D Peter and John intend to be roommates even though they are different 67 It won't be long before her husband comes back A There's likelihood that her husband won't return soon B Her husband will come back later than planned C Her husband will be returning quite soon D Possibly, her husband won't come back as soon as he wants 68 Nothing but the whole story would satisfy Tim A On the whole, Tim was satisfied with the story B Tim wouldn't be satisfied with anything C Tim wanted to know just the end of the story D Tim insisted on being told the complete story 69 I should have studied last night, but I was too tired A I couldn't study last night because I was very tired B I studied last night because I was bored C I studied last night because I had to D I tried to study last night, but the homework was too hard 70 I have never felt better than I now A I have never felt well B I have always felt well C I felt better before D I feel well now 71 "Cigarettes?" he asked "No, thanks," I said A He offered me a cigarette, but I promptly declined B He asked for a cigarette, and I immediately refused C He mentioned a cigarette, so I thanked him D He asked if I was smoking, and I denied at once 72 The doctor said, "You really ought to rest for a few days, Jasmine." A It is the doctor's recommendation that Jasmine rested shortly B Jasmine's doctor insisted that she should rest for a few days C The doctor suggested that Jasmine should take a short rest D The doctor strongly advised Jasmine to take a few days' rest 73 "I will pay back the money, Gloria" said Ivan A Ivan promised to pay back Gloria's money (79) B Ivan apologised to Gloria for borrowing her money C Ivan offered to pay Gloria the money back D Ivan suggested paying back the money to Gloria 74 The children couldn't go swimming because the sea was too rough A The sea was too rough for the children to go swimming B The children were not calm enough to swim in the sea C The sea was rough enough for the chidren to swim in D The sea was too rough to the children's swimming 75 "Would you like to come to my birthday party, Sarah?" asked Frederic A Frederic asked Sarah if she liked his birthday party or not B Frederic invited Sarah to his birthday party C Frederic asked if Sarah was able to come to his birthday party D Frederic reminded Sarah of his coming birthday party 76 "If I were you, I would take the job," said my room-mate A My room-mate introduced the idea of taking the job to me B My room-mate was thinking about taking the job C My room-mate advised me to take the job D My room-mate insisted on taking the job for me 77 "Leave my house now or I'll call the police!" shouted the lady to the man A The lady told the man that she would call the police if he didn't leave her house B The lady threatened to call the police if the man didn't leave her house C The lady said that she would call the police if the man didn't leave her house D The lady informed the man that she would call the police if he didn't leave her house 78 He last had his eyes tested ten months ago A He has not had his eyes tested for ten months B He had tested his eyes ten months before C He had not tested his eyes for ten months then D He didn't have any tests on his eyes in ten months 79 "You should have finished the report by now," John told his secretary A John reminded his secretary of finishing the report on time B John approached his secretary for not having finished the report C John said that his secretary had not finished the report on time D John scolded his secretary for not having finished the report 80 "It's too stuffy in this room, isn't it?" said the guest A The guest said that the room was too crowded B The guest suggested that the room should be aired C The guest remarked that the room should be aired D The guest said that threre was too much stuff in the room Answer Key C C A A B D A A C 10 C 17 B 18 D 19 A 20 D Answer Key 11 B 12 A 13 A 14 A 15 B 16 C (80) Answer Key 21 B 22 D 23 B 24 A 25 B 26 B 27 C 28 B 29 B 30 B 37 D 38 D 39 B 40 B 47 D 48 B 49 D 50 C Answer Key 31 C 32 D 33 C 34 B 35 A 36 B Answer Key 41 C 42 B 43 B 44 B 45 B 46 A Answer Key 51 C 52 C 53 A 54 A 55 B 56 57 58 59 60 D A A C C Number Choose the correct sentence among A, B, C or D which has the same meaning as the given one Answer Key 61 B 62 B 63 A 64 D 65 C 66 67 68 69 70 D C D A D Number Choose the correct sentence among A, B, C or D which has the same meaning as the given one Answer Key 71 A 72 D 73 A 74 A 75 B 76 77 78 79 80 C B A D B Number Choose the correct sentence among A, B, C or D which has the same meaning as the given one 81 A very successful salesman, Mr Smith often has more customers than he can handle A Mr Smith's customers cannot handle him successfully B Mr Smith finds it difficult to handle his customers C Mr Smith is a successful salesman of handles to many customers D Mr Smith sometimes has too many customers to take care of (81) 82 Tim is likely to fail if he takes the exam without studying A Tim will fail if he takes the exam without studying B It's probable that Tim will fail the exam if he doesn't study C It's certain that Tim will pass the exam if he studies D It's certain that Tim will fail because he doesn't study 83 He looked so funny that I couldn't help laughing A I couldn't laugh because he looked so funny B I couldn't help him laugh because he looked so funny C He looked too funny for me to laugh D I laughed because he looked so funny 84 They bought a gift that was very expensive for their son A Their son bought an expensive gift for his birthday B They gave their son a gift that was very expensive C The gift was so expensive that they did not buy it D Although the gift was inexpensive, they did not buy it 85 I found it difficult to communicate in English A I had no difficulty communicating in English B I didn't like to communicate in English C I was not used to communicating in English D I preferred communicating in English 86 A majority of the students in this college are from overseas A Everyone in this college is from overseas B No one in this college is from overseas C Few students in this college are from overseas D Most of the students in this college are from overseas 87 He acts as though nothing matters to him A He acts when there's no matter for him B He acts although nothing matters for him C He seems not to care about anything D Nothing matters to him when he acts 88 Nancy isn't used to walking so far A Nancy used to walk farther B Nancy doesn't like to walk so far C Nancy isn't accustomed to walking very far D Nancy needed help to walk so far 89 She wanted to avoid an argument, so she said nothing A She didn't say a word to avoid an argument B She avoided an argument because she said nothing C If she said nothing, she wanted to avoid an argument D She had nothing to say to avoid an argument 90 My daughter is looking forward to seeing her friend A My daughter is expecting to see her friend B My daughter is being looked after while her friend is abroad C My daughter feels bored because she is going to see her friend soon D My daughter does not want to see her friend again Answer Key (82) 81 D 82 B 83 D 84 B 85 C 86 87 88 89 90 D D C A A Number 10 Choose the correct sentence among A, B, C or D which has the same meaning as the given one 91 Peter has not had his hair cut for over four months A It's over four months since Peter has his hair cut B It's over four months since Peter has had his hair cut C It's over four months since Peter had his hair cut D It's over four months since Peter had had his hair cut 92 The water was so cold that the children could not swim in it A The water was not warm enough for the children to swim in it B The water was not warm enough for the children to swim in C The water was not enough warm for the children to swim in D The water was not warm enough for the children swim in 93 They never made us anything we didn't want to A We are never made to anything we didn't want to B We were never made to anything we didn't want to C We have never made to anything we didn't want to D We had never made to anything we didn't want to 94 "Why don't you put a better lock on the door, Mary?" Jane asked A Jane suggested that Mary must put a better lock on the door B Jane suggested that Mary should put a better lock on the door C Jane suggested that Mary may put a better lock on the door D Jane suggested that Mary might put a better lock on the door 95 He had hardly left the office when the phone rang A No sooner had he left the office than the phone rang B No sooner he had left the office than the phone rang C No sooner he had left the office when the phone rang D No sooner he did leave the office than the phone rang 96 There were a lot of errors in his essays A He made a lot of errors in his essays B He makes a lot of errors in his essays C He had made a lot of errors in his essays D He has made a lot of errors in his essays 97 I haven't got enough money, so I'm not going on holiday A If I have enough money I would go on holiday B If I had enough money I would go on holiday C If I had had enough money I would go on holiday D If I have had enough money I would go on holiday 98 She is so busy that she can't come to the party A If she was not so busy she must come to the party B If she was not so busy she could come to the party C If she was not so busy she need to come to the party D If she was not so busy she should come to the party 99 The noise next door did not stop until after midnight (83) A The noise next door didn't stop during midnight B The noise next door stopped after midnight C The noise next door didn't stop after midnight D The noise next door didn't stop at midnight 100 Someone has already paid for it A It has already paid for someone B It has been already paid for C It has already been paid for D It has already paid for Answer Key 91 C 92 B 93 B 94 B 95 A 96 A 97 B 98 B 99 B 100 C Number Choose the correct sentence among A, B, C or D which has the same meaning as the given one If it hadn't been so late, I would have called you A It was not late when I called you B It was late, so I did not call you C It was late, but I called you D It was not late but I did not call you No one but the seven-year-old boy saw the accident A Only the seven-year-old boy saw the accident B No one at all saw the seven-year-old boy's accident C The seven-year-old boy saw no one in the accident D No one in the accident saw the seven-year-old boy Most people get fewer colds in summer than in winter A A person is more likely to get a cold in winter B More people have summer colds than winter colds C People get colder in summer than in winter D Winter is much colder than summer They are watering the flowers A The flowers are being watered by them B They need some water and flowers C There are some water on the flowers D They are putting the flowers in water I would rather you stopped talking about her A I would rather stop talking about her B I prefer you not to talk about her any more C I would rather you not talk about her D I want you to talk about her Completed in 1756, Nassau Hall, which is now standing on the campus of Princeton University, is the oldest building A Completed in 1756, Nassau Hall is the oldest building now has stood on the campus of Princeton University (84) B Completed in 1756, Nassau Hall is the oldest building now it stands on the campus of Princeton University C Completed in 1756, Nassau Hall is the oldest building now standing on the campus of Princeton University D Completed in 1756, Nassau Hall is the oldest building now stood on the campus of Princeton University The hardworking cabinetmaker, Ducan Phyfe, was the one person who was most responsible for making New York City a center of furniture design in the early nineteenth century A The one person most responsible for making New York City a center of furniture design in the early nineteenth century he was hardworking cabinetmaker, Ducan Phyfe B The one person most responsible for making New York City a center of furniture design in the early nineteenth century was hardworking cabinetmaker, Ducan Phyfe C The one person most responsible for making New York City a center of furniture design in the early nineteenth century by working hard, the cabinetmaker, Ducan Phyfe D The one person most responsible for making New York City a center of furniture design in the early nineteenth century through his hard work cabinetmaker, Ducan Phyfe She had only just put the phone down when her boss rang back A Hardly she had put the phone down when her boss rang back B Hardly she puts the phone down when her boss rang back C Hardly did she put the phone down when her boss rang back D Hardly had she put the phone down when her boss rang back Her mother is the most warm-hearted person I've known A I've never known a more warm-hearted person than her mother B I don't know a more warm-hearted person than her mother C I didn't know a more warm-hearted person than her mother D I had never known a more warm-hearted person than her mother 10 It isn't necessary for you to finish the report by Sunday A You don't need finish the report by Sunday B You mustn't finish the report by Sunday C You might not finish mthe report by Sunday D You don't need to finish the report by Sunday Answer Key B A A A B C B D A Number Choose the correct sentence which is built from the words given not / difficult / learn / English / you / study / structure / vocabulary / every day A Learn English is not difficult if you study structure and vocabulary every day B It is not difficult to learn English if you study structure and vocabulary every day C Difficult English is not learn if you study structure and vocabulary every day D You learn English is not difficult if study structure and vocabulary every day I / one / old friends / I / shop / supermarket / two days ago A I met one of my old friends while I was doing shopping in the supermarket two days ago B I met one of my old friends while I was shopping on the supermarket two days ago 10 D (85) C I met my one old friends while I was doing shopping in the supermarket two days ago D I met one of my old friends while I was shopping to the supermarket two days ago He / try / stop / smoke / he / never succeed / many times A He has tried to stop smoke many times but he never succeeded B He has tried stop smoking many times but he never succeeded C He has tried stop to smoke many times but he never succeeded D He has tried to stop smoking many times but he never succeeded He / promise / send / me / postcard / as soon as / arrive / Madrid A He promised send me a postcard as soon as he arrived in Madrid B He promised to send me a postcard as soon as he arrived at Madrid C He promised to send me a postcard as soon as he arrived in Madrid D He promised to sending me a postcard as soon as he arrived in Madrid Developing countries / need / / research / find / solutions / agriculture / problems A Developing countries need doing research to find solutions to agriculture problems B Developing countries need to research to find solutions to agriculture problems C Developing countries need to researching to find solutions to agriculture problems D Developing countries need to research to finding solutions to agriculture problems She / practise / play / tennis / every day / she / want / famous / one day A She practises playing tennis one day because she wants to be famous every day B She practise playing tennis every day because she wants famous one day C She practise playing tennis every day because she wants being famous one day D She practises playing tennis every day because she wants to be famous one day Never / stop / try / you get / solution / problem A Never stop trying until you get the right solution to the problem B Never stop trying until you get the right solution of the problem C Never stop trying until you get the right solution from the problem D Never stop trying until you get the right solution on the problem New York / most exciting / city / I / ever / visit A New York city is the most exciting I have ever visited B New York is the most exciting city I have ever visited C New York is the most exciting city I have ever visit D New York is the most exciting I have ever visited dangerous / drive / fast / city / rush hours A It is dangerous to drive fastly in the city in the rush hours B It is dangerous to drive fast in the city on the rush hours C It is dangerous for driving fast in the city in the rush hours D It is dangerous to drive fast in the city in the rush hours 10 If / he / come / station / earlier / not miss / train A If he had come to the station earlier he would not have missed the train B If he have come to the station earlier he would not have missed the train C If he had came to the station earlier he would not have missed the train D If he had come to the station earlier he would have not missed the train Answer Key B A D C B D A B D 10 A (86) Number Choose the correct sentence which is built from the words given Mary says / she / put / higher class A Mary says she'd like to have been put in higher class B Mary says she'd like to have put in higher class C Mary says she'd like to put in higher class D Mary says she would put in higher class Would you / talk / something else? A Would you like talking about something else? B Would you rather him to talk about something else? C Would you like prefer to talk about something else? D Would you rather to talk about something else? Expected / he / be / president / company A It was expected that he won't be the president of the company B No one expected that he would be the president of the company C It isn't expected that he was the president of the company D Everyone expected that he was the president of the company Travelling / parts / country / help / learn / appreciate / life styles / customs A Travelling to different parts of the country helps people learned how to appreciate different life styles and customs B Travelling to different parts of my country help learning how to appreciate good life styles and customs C Travelling to different parts of my country helps me learn and appreciate various life styles and customs D Travelling to visit different parts of the country helps me to learn and appreciate various life styles and customs Development / birth-control methods / free / cycle / child bearing A Since the development of effective birth-control methods, women were freed from the endless cycle of child bearing B The development of effective birth-control methods freed women from the endless cycle of child bearing C Thanks to the development of effective birth-control methods, women freed from the cycle of child bearing D Since the development of effective birth-control methods, women had been set free from the cycle of child bearing Recycle / waste paper / save / great amount / wood pulp A In order to recycle waste paper, we should save a great amount of wood pulp B The recycling waste paper save us from using a great amount of wood pulp C We recycle waste paper by saving a great amount of wood pulp D The recycling waste paper can save a great amount of wood pulp Farmers / apply fertilizers / fields / crops / planted A Farmers apply fertilizers into the fields after the crops have been planted B Farmers are applying fertilizers into the fields so that the crops can be planted C Farmers can apply for fertilizers of the fields as soon as they have the crops planted D Farmers will apply for fertilizers of the fields as soon as they have the crops planted I / live / city / all my life so / know / places / tourists / enjoy (87) A I had lived in this city all my life so I could know many of the places that tourists would enjoy B I have lived in this city all my life so I can know many of the places that tourists would enjoy C I have lived in this city all my life so I know many of the places that tourists would enjoy D I lived in this city all my life so that I could know many of the places that tourists would enjoy Vietnam / children / free / medical treatment / hospitals / until / they / six A In Vietnam, children can get free medical treatment in hospitals until they are six B In Vietnam, children are freed from medical treatment in hospitals until they are six C In Vietnam, children are free of medical treatment in hospitals until they are six D In Vietnam, children are free to choose medical treatment in hospitals until they are six 10 Interview / you / care / appearance / gather / information / company / as / can A While being interviewed, you should neither take good care of your personal appearance nor gather as much information about the company as you can B During the interview, you should either take good care of your personal appearance or gather as much information about the company as you can C Before the interview, you shouldn't take good care of your personal appearance but gather as much information about the company as you can D Before the interview, you should take good care of your personal appearance and gather as much information about the company as you can Answer Key A C B C B D A C A Number Choose the correct sentence which is built from the words given We / decide / not / go out / because / weather A We decided not go out because of the weather B We decided not to go out because of the weather C We decided not going out because of the weather D We not decided to go out because of the weather She / not allow / smoke / house A She doesn't allow smoking in her house B She doesn't allow to smoking in her house C She doesn't allow to smoke in her house D She doesn't allow smoking at her house I / prefer / this coat / coat / you / wear / yesterday A I prefer this coat than the coat you were wearing yesterday B I prefer this coat to the coat you wear yesterday C I prefer this coat to the coat you wearing yesterday D I prefer this coat to the coat you wore yesterday I / would rather / you / not tell / anyone / what / say A I would rather you not tell anyone what I said B I would rather you did not tell anyone what I said C I would rather you not tell anyone what I said D I would rather you did not tell anyone what I say 10 D (88) She / must / fed up / smoke A She must be fed up of smoking B She must fed up with smoking C She must be fed up with smoking D She must be fed up on smoking They / climb / window / without / see A They climded through window without being seen B They climded through the window without being seen C They climded through the window without being see D They climded through window without being saw We / look forward / Rose / come home A We are looking forward to Rose coming home B We are looking forward Rose coming home C We are looking forward to Rose come home D We are looking forward Rose to come home You / feel / like / go out / this evening? A Are you feel like going out this evening? B Do you feel to like going out this evening? C Do you feel like go out this evening? D Do you feel like going out this evening? Phillips / want / cook himself / Daniel / insist / help / him A Phillips wanted to cook himself but Daniel insisted in helping him B Phillips wanted to cook himself but Daniel insisted to help him C Phillips wanted to cook himself but Daniel insisted on helping him D Phillips wanted cooking himself but Daniel insisted on helping him 10 I / prefer / drive / travel / train A I prefer driving than travelling by train B I prefer driving to travelling by train C I prefer to drive to travel by train D I prefer to driving than travelling by train Answer Key B A D B C B A D C Number Choose the correct sentence which is built from the words given Nancy / work / hard / so / she / fall / ill A Nancy worked hard so that she fell ill B Nancy worked so hard that she fell ill C Nancy works hard so that she fell ill D Nancy worked hard so that she falls ill Tom / favourite / football / team / Manchester United A Tom's footbal favourite team is Manchester United B Tom's footbal team favourite is Manchester United 10 B (89) C Tom's favourite team football is Manchester United D Tom's favourite football team is Manchester United he / use / be / the best / our / national / football / team A He used to be the best footballer of our national football team B He used being the best footballer of our national football team C He used to being the best footballer of our national football team D He uses to be the best footballer of our national football team The World Cup 2006 / organize / Germany A The World Cup 2006 is organized in Germany B The World Cup 2006 had been organized in Germany C The World Cup 2006 was organized in Germany D The World Cup 2006 has been organized in Germany Italy / several / gold cups / so far A Italy won several gold cups so far B Italy has won several gold cups so far C Italy had won several gold cups so far D Italy has been winning several gold cups so far She / hurt / learn / boyfriend / forget / birthday A She was hurt when learning that her boyfriend had forgotten her birthday B She hurt when learning that her boyfriend had forgotten her birthday C She was hurt that when learning that her boyfriend had forgotten her birthday D She was hurt when learning that her boyfriend forgotten her birthday We / not / survive / start / work / cleaner / safer / energy / sources A We won't survive so we start working on cleaner, safer sources of energy B We won't survive although we start working on cleaner, safer sources of energy C We won't survive unless we start working on cleaner, safer sources of energy D We won't survive otherwise we start working on cleaner, safer sources of energy I / grateful / kindness / visit / your factory / last month A I'm grateful for your kindness when I visited your factory last month B I'm grateful with your kindness to me when I visited your factory last month C I'm grateful of your kindness to me when I visited your factory last month D I'm grateful at your kindness to me when I visited your factory last month it / stupid / him / give up / job / need / money A It was stupid with him to give up his job when he needed the money B It was stupid to him to give up his job when he needed the money C It was stupid of him to give up his job when he needed the money D It was stupid for him to give up his job when he needed the money 10 Now that / highway / build / it / take / only two hours / get / there A Now that the highway has been built, it takes only two hours to get there B Now that the highway has been built, it took only two hours to get there C Now that the highway has been built, it is taking only two hours to get there D Now that the highway has been built, it has taken only two hours to get there Answer Key B D A C B A C A C 10 A (90) Number Choose the correct sentence which is built from the words given There / no substitute / hard work / if / want / succeed A There is no substitute for hand work if you want to succeed B There are no substitute of hand work if one want to succeed C There is no substitute and hand work if you want to succeed D There is no substitute and hand work if they want to succeed In / /hands / reckless driver / car / becomes / lethal weapon A In hands of a reckless driver makes a car becomes a lethal weapon B In the hands of a reckless driver a car becomes a lethal weapon C In the hands of reckless driver the car becomes a lethal weapon D In hands of reckless driver car becomes a lethal weapon After / robbery / shop / installed / alarm system / as insurance / further losses A After robbery, the shop was installed an alarm system as an insurance to fight further losses B After robbery, the shop installed an alarm system as to insurance in case further losses C After the robbery, the shop installed an alarm system as an insurance against further losses D After robbery, the shop installed the alarm system as insurance for further losses Given / difficulty / task / I / lucky / complete / by May A Given difficulty in the task, I shall be lucky to complete by May B Given the difficulty of the task, I shall be lucky to complete it by May C Given the difficulty of the task, I shall lucky to complete it by May D Given the difficulty in the task, I will be too lucky to complete by May If / we / don't / from you / two days / order / will / cancelled A If we don't come from you in two days, the order will be cancelled B If we don't hear from you after two days, the order will be cancelled C If we don't hear from you for two days, the order will be cancelled D If we don't hear from you within two days, the order will be cancelled I / interested / special offer / saw / advertisement A I'm interested in the special offer which saw in your advertisement B I'm interested in special offer I saw on your advertisement C I'm interested in the special offer I saw in your advertisement D I'm interested in the special offer I saw on your advertisement I / explained / neighbor / she / have / send in / application A I explained to my neighbor that she would have to send in a written application B I explained my neighbor that she would have to send in a written application C I explained to my neighbor that she would have send in a written application D I explained my neighbor that she would have to send in a writting application Next / you / here / visit / remember / your sister / you A Next time you go here to visit, remember to bring your sister with you B Next time you come here to visit, remember taking your sister with you C Next time you come here and visit, remember bringing your sister with you D Next time you come here to visit, remember to bring your sister with you There / oil leak / lots / fish / died / result / pollution A There had oil leak and lots of fish died result from pollution (91) B There was an oil leak and lots of fish died as a result of pollution C There was an oil leak and a lots of fish died as result of pollution D There had oil leak and lots of fish died as a result of pollution 10 Sure / attention / what / doctor / says A Make sure you take attention to what the doctor says B Make sure you pay attention to what the doctor says C Make sure you take attention at what the doctor says D Be sure you take attention at what the doctor says Answer Key A B C B D C A D B LUYỆN TẬP TỔNG HỢP Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D 72 The local authorities are trying to proceed with the of the slums in the area A clearness B clearly C clarity D clearance 73 After his wife's death, he let his son the company and retired A get over B get on C take over D take on 74 If only you how I feel about you! A understand B can understand C understood D would be understood 75 Brian lost his job no fault of his own A through B by C with D over 76 The match will be broadcast to various countries in the world A live B lively C alive D living 77 You not copy the questions when answering them A could B need C might D would 78 She listened so attentively that not a word A she missed B did she miss C she didn't miss D she had missed 79 The success of the party was mainly due to the presence of several A celebrations B celebrates C celebrities D celebrated 80 This writer was also known as a literary critic A pointed B cute C sharpening D cutting 81 Long: What happened to your younger brother? - Mai: A Nothing Why you ask? B He's nearly ten years old C He's having a birthday party D I love him very much 82 Fans often ask pop stars for their A handwriting B signature C autograph D graphic 83 He was his forties when he got married A on B in C at D about 10 B (92) 84 Owen noticed how cold it was when he the plane A got off B took off C went off D went out off 85 You so fast or you might have an accident A don't have to drive B shouldn't have driven C had better not drive D mustn't have driven 86 She id so absent-minded that I get angry with her A some time B at times C any time D at one time 87 She the flat three times, before deciding to buy it A came round B brought round C looked round D got round 88 The police are the robbery A looking for B taking up C taking on D looking into 89 The crowd looked , as the two men continued fighting A on B up C into D around 90 I like the book I'm reading because it's well written and it has an interesting A hypothesis B plot C phase D condition Các thầy cô có thể xem thêm các dạng bài tập khác trang MASTER YOUR ENGLISH HERE: http:/violet.vn/thienhanh_2009 (còn tiếp) Answer Key 7 7 7 D C C A A B 81 A 82 C 83 B 84 A 85 C 86 B 87 C 88 D 89 A 90 B (93) B C B LUYỆN TẬP TỔNG HỢP - Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D 91 Because of an increase in orders, the factory manager took a hundred new workers A on B up C over D into 92 The candidates felt tired as the election entered its last week A progress B campaign C contest D competition 93 In many aspects, the probles that John faced are a young man and woman might face today A much like that B much like those C like much those D like much that 94 There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, a sudden loud noise A being there B should there be C there was D there have been 95 the opportunity, he might well have become an outstanding cartoonist A Being given B To give C Giving D Given 96 English can be a language to learn A limited B cubic C challenging D considerable 97 ghost exists in the world That's your illusion A No such a thing as B No such a thing as a C No such thing as a D No such thing as 98 If it too much trouble I'd love a cup of tea A hadn't been B isn't C weren't D may not be 99 Are there any about the project? A news B pieces of news C piece of news D good news 100 Excessive logging of forests in the past century has resulted in A which it is known as deforestation B knowing this as deforestation C what becomes known as deforestation D that is known as deforestation 101 Early humans their homes and diet to match the environment A advocated B adapted C affirmed D hindered 102 Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone an opportunity to hear the speech A ought to have B must have C may have D should have 103 I am surprised this city is a dull place to live in A that you should think B by what you are thinking C that you would think D with what you are thinking 104 Would you be so kind open the window for me, please? A that B as to C as D that you 105 It has been estimated that species of animals A more than a million B it is a million or more C there are over a million D are over a million of 106 "It gets quite cold here in the winter." "Oh, dear, I was hoping buy a coat." (94) A not to have to B I don't have to C I wouldn't D not having to 107 A lot needs to the house before anyone can move in A to B be done C doing D done 108 One of their new house is that it has no garden A pity B dislike C complaint D disadvantage 109 I love this painting of an old man He has such a beautiful smile A childlike B childish C childless D childhood 110 "Did the painter say he would finish the work?" "No, he to tell me." A yet hasn't B has yet C hasn't yet D yet has 111 He kisked the ball hard, and it broke the window A a very little B a small amount C a little too D quite a little 112 You really can't a thing that woman says! A believe B rely C count D imagine 113 "Has the building been sold?" "Not yet, but there are two businesses are interested in it." A that B that both of them C that both D both of that 114 "Which is more important: luck or effort?" "Luck is effort." A of the same importance B the same importance as C as the same importantce as D of the same importance as 115 If she read his letter, she out the answer A would find B find C will find D would have found 116 The child hurt himself badly when he fell the bedroom window A out from B over C down D out of 117 now can I fully understand him A Just B By C Only D From upload.123doc.net He on his English study all yesterday evening A used to work B had worked C working D was working 119 "Let's move the class to another room." "Well, there could be some problems that." A for us doing B we C to D in doing 120 Lack of rain early in the season means that the field a poor crop A surrendered B generated C yielded D suffered Các thầy cô có thể xem thêm các dạng bài tập khác trang MASTER YOUR ENGLISH HERE: http:/violet.vn/thienhanh_2009 (còn tiếp) Answer Key 101 B 102 C 103 A 104 B 105 C 106 A 107 C 108 D (95) 109 A 110 A 91 A 111 C 92 B 112 A 93 B 113 C 94 B 114 D 95 D 115 A 96 C 116 A 97 98 C 117 C upl oad 12 3do c.n B et D 99 B 119 C 100 C 120 C LUYỆN TẬP TỔNG HỢP Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D 121 you have no key, you'll have to get back before I go out A Although B If C Unless D As 122 They were very about keeping so much money in the house overnight A risky B willing C nervous D dangerous 123 "Did you finally paint your house?" "Yes, it should a long time ago." A have done B be done C have been done4 D been done 124 "Has Jenifer ever been to Paris?" "No, but , she's going next week." A interestedly B interestedl enough C interestingly enough D enough interesting 125 Your voice reminds me of someone but I can't remember A who is B it is C who is he D who 126 "Is this Mary's original copy of the letter?" "No, it's the one." A rewrote B rewritten C rewrite D rewriting 127 "What are they talking about?" "They are discussing problems the budget." A concerned to B concerning to C concerned D concerning 128 as taste is really a composite sense made up of both taste and smell A That we refer to it B What we refer to C To which we refer D What we refer to 129 Never before as accelerated as they are now during the technological age A have historical changes been B have been historical changes C historical changes have been D historical have changes been 130 "Why didn't they buy the vase?" "It was too expensive it was on sale." (96) A however B although C even D despite 131 The picture is ; the thief will be most disappointed when he tries to sell it A priceless B invalid C unprofitable D worthless 132 My sister is an expert on wildlife and its A conversation B preserve C reservation D conserve 133 "Why didn't Andrew win the election?" "Well, he lied about his background worked against him." A the facts are B the fact that C when D because 134 It's long time since he last saw his brothers and sisters A such a B so C very D too 135 there on time, we must start now A Be B Being C Is D To be 136 I understand most of this, but there are still one or two points I should like you to clear for me A away B up C out D off 137 Remember to come at eight, you? A haven't B don't C aren't D won't 138 "What's all the noise about?" "We had a bad accident at the factory." A happened B happening C happen D has happened 139 "What you know about your new roommate?" "Well, she prefers tea coffee." A than B as C to D instead 140 The truck crashed into the back of a bus scattering glass everywhere A loading with empty bottles B which loading with empty bottles C it was loading with empty bottles D loaded with empty bottles Các thầy cô có thể xem thêm các dạng bài tập khác trang MASTER YOUR ENGLISH HERE: http:/violet.vn/thienhanh_2009 (còn tiếp) Answer Key 121 B 122 A 123 C 124 C 125 A 126 B 127 D 128 A 129 B 130 A 131 D 132 A 133 B 134 A 135 D (97) 136 B 137 D 138 B 139 A 140 B LUYỆN TẬP TỔNG HỢP Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D 141 We have about thirty guests a day in our restaurant the average A on B for C in D at 142 "Is attendance important in this class?" "No, but in the last class it very seriously." A has taken B has been taken C was taken D was taking 143 Once the fire out we had to sit in the cold A lit B fell C went D came 144 My main to the new motorway is that it will spoil the countryside A objection B object C objective D objecting 145 "When was this school built?" "I think it was some time ." A 1960's B in the 1960's C at the 1960's D in 1960's 146 The plane has left You're A too much late here B here much too late C here too much late D here late too much 147 "What should we do?" "It should be done we did it yesterday." A the same way as B as the same way than C as the same way as D as the same way 148 scientists have observed increased pollution in the water supply A Late B Later C Latter D Lately 149 He's left his book at home; he's always so A forgetful B forgotten C forgettable D forgetting 150 We spent a month this table A making B make C made D to make 151 Richard was asked to withdraw from graduate school because A they believed he was not really able to complete research B he was deemed incapable of completing his research C it was decided that he was not capable to complete the research D his ability to finish the research was not believed or trusted 152 John won his mfirst tennis match ease A at B with C on D in 153 Three pupils play ball here at ( o'clock play here at 10 o'clock A Three others B Other three C Another D Anothers 154 Many countries have compulsory military service A aborted B abolished C absconded D abstracted 155 , the best car to buy is Mercedes Benz A Because of its durability and economy (98) B Because it lasts a long time, and it is very economical C Because of its durability and it is economical D Because durably and economywise it is better than all the others 156 You can a horse to water, but you can't make it drink A put B catch C lead D hold 157 a novelty in American retailing, fixed prices are now universal in sales A It was once B Once it was C That once D Once 158 anti-trust laws did not exist in the US, there would not be as much competition in certain industries A So B If C For D Also 159 , Henry David Thoreau is known for his transcendental views A He was like his predecessor, Ralph Waldo Emerson B His predecessor, Ralph Waldo Emerson, was like him C Like his predecessor, Ralph Waldo Emerson D That he was like his predecessor, Ralph Waldo Emerson 160 They decided to finish and finally the hard evening with a pizza and a few sodas A bring to a conclusion B end C terminate D enjoy Các thầy cô có thể xem thêm các dạng bài tập khác trang MASTER YOUR ENGLISH HERE: http:/violet.vn/thienhanh_2009 (còn tiếp) Answer Key 141 A 142 B 143 C 144 A 145 B 146 B 147 C 148 D 149 A 150 A 151 B 152 B 153 A 154 B 155 A 156 C 157 D 158 B 159 C (99) 160 D LUYỆN TẬP TỔNG HỢP Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D 161 You will have to your holiday if you are too ill to travel A call off B cut down C back out D put aside 162 Is there any chance the machinery repaired? A to have B of having C for having D with having 163 Everyone suggested Andrea in touch with the organizers A getting B will get C may get D get 164 The thief's girlfriend persuaded him to give himself to the police A away B up C off D out 165 the coming of autumn, thousands of tourists follow the Blue Ridge Trail to observe the brilliant autumnal foliage A As soon as B With C Arrived D When 166 Ancient people believed that with a sun and a moon rotating around it A the earth was the center of the universe B the earth is the center of the universe C the center of the universe is earth D the universe has earth at the center 167 The rains of 1993 the Missouri river to overflow resulted in one of the worst floods of this century A the cause of B causing C they caused D caused 168 The speaker is A very well acquainted with the subject B recognized as an authotity who knows a great deal in terms of the subject C someone who knows well enough about the subject which he has undertaken to the speaking D a person who has close awareness of the subject that he speaks about so much 169 The people of Western Canada have been considering themselves from the rest of the provinces A to separate B separated C separate D separating 170 Chemists are not sure A how precisely can cold fusion occur B cold fusion can occur precisely how C precisely how cold fusion can occur D can cold fusion occur precisely how 171 By careful seeding, weather makers can encourage two small clouds to merge into one big cloud produce a powerful thunderstorm A so B these C which D and 172 It is usually lava but gas that kills people during volcanic eruptions A not only B not C neither D no 173 The more hemoglobin one has, the more oxygen is carried to cells A one B its C their D one's 174 The human body has four jugular veins, each side of the neck A there are two on B it has two on (100) C two are on D two on 175 The committee has met and A they have reached a decision B it has formulated themselves some opinions C its decision was reached at D it has reached a decision 176 John has not been able to recall where A does the girl live B the girl lives C did the girl live D lived the girl 177 Some students are frightened the university tuition fees to meet the rise in the cost of living A have raised B raise C raising D will raise 178 Henry Ford revolutionized production management by into small steps on a moving line A breaking down auto assembly B broken down auto assembly C he broke down auto assembly D auto assembly breaking down 179 The boy was ashamed he had broken the window A admit B admitted C to admit D admitting 180 The first transistor was basically a small chip made of germanium onto one surface of which two pointed wire contacts side by side A are made B made C were made D making Các thầy cô có thể xem thêm các dạng bài tập khác trang MASTER YOUR ENGLISH HERE: http:/violet.vn/thienhanh_2009 (còn tiếp) Answer Key 161 A 162 B 163 D 164 B 165 B 166 A 167 B 168 A 169 D 170 C 171 D 172 B 173 D 174 D 175 D 176 B 177 D 178 A (101) 179 C 180 C LUYỆN TẬP TỔNG HỢP Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D 181 It is the recommendation of many psychologists to associate words and remember names A that a learner uses mental images B a learner to use mental images C mental images are used D that a learner use mental images 182 Like humans, zoo animals must have a dentist their teeth A fill B filled C filling D to be filled 183 owe much of their success as a group to their unusual powers of migration A That birds B A bird C The bird D Birds 184 The freshman read an advertisement the newspaper about an apartment to rent A in B from C on D out of 185 Public television stations are different from commercial stations A because they receive money differently and different types of shows B for money and program types C in the areas of funding and programming D because the former receives money and has programs differently from the later 186 The committee members resented A the president that he did not tell them about the meeting B the president not to inform them of the meeting C the president's not informing them of the meeting D that the president has\d failed informing themselves that there was going to be a meeting 187 From 1898 to 1933, the US Weather Bureau obtained information about the weather from to box kites A attached devices B attached to devices C devices attached D devices were attached 188 There has not been a great response to the sale, ? A does there B hasn't there C hasn't it D has there 189 fuel that is used today is a chemical form of solar energy A Most of B The most C Most D Almost the 190 Although fish not have any outer ears, have a simple inner ear on their side of the head A there are varieties B they are varieties C some varieties D which varieties 191 He me the compliment of inviting me to sing at his wedding A showed B paid C threw D took 192 There is a great deal of ground between management and trade unions on this issue A common B similar C familiar D dangerous 193 Hey, guys Finish your lunch and business right away A get up on B get down to C get down on D over with 194 The Turkish football team are going to be congratulated playing so well A for B on C at D about (102) 195 In Hong Kong, you should avoid the colors blue and white in your presentation materials, as these death and mourning A present B stand for C represent D show 196 Joe said that he well the previous day A hadn't left B wasn't feeling C didn't feel D wouldn't feel 197 It is difficult for many people to accept a literal of the Bible A construction B exposure C revelation D interpretation 198 There should be no discrimination on of sex, race, or religion A fields B places C areas D grounds 199 I have bought a present for my mother, and now I need some A paper wrapper B wrapped paper C wrap paper D wrapping paper 200 Do you know ? A what wrong was it with B what's wrong with it C what wrong was with it D what wrong is it with 201 My cat would not have bitten the toy fish it was made of rubber A if she had known B had she known C if she should know D if she knew 202 Anne persisted her search for the truth about what had happened A at B about C in D on 203 My car is getting unreliable: I think I'll trade it for a new one A off B away C in D up 204 that she burst into tears A Her anger was such B So angry she was C She was so anger D Such her anger was 205 I am considering my job Can you recommend a good company? A to move B moving C to change D changing 206 The curtains have because of the strong sunlight A faded B fainted C lightened D weakened Các thầy cô có thể xem thêm các dạng bài tập khác trang MASTER YOUR ENGLISH HERE: http:/violet.vn/thienhanh_2009 (còn tiếp) Answer Key 181 D 201 A 182 A 202 C 183 D 203 C 184 A 204 A 185 C 205 D 186 C 206 A 187 C 188 D 189 C (103) 190 C 191 B 192 A 193 B 194 A 195 D 196 A 197 D 198 D 199 D 200 B TO GET ON : lên xe, đáp xe (buýt) - I always get on the bus at 34th Street Tôi thường đáp xe buýt đại lộ thứ 34 - William gets on the subway at the same station every morning Sáng nào William đáp xe cùng trạm TO GET OFF : xuống xe, xuống bến - Helen got off the bus at 42nd Street Helen đã xuống xe buýt đại lộ số 42 - At what station you usually get off the subway ? Anh thường xuống xe điện ngầm bến nào ? TO PUT ON : mang, mặc, đội (dùng cho trang phục) - Mary put on her hat and left the room Mary đã đội nón và khỏi phòng - Why is John putting on his hat and coat ? Tại John đội nón và mặc áo khoác ? TO TAKE OFF : cởi ra, mở ra, lột (dùng cho trang phục) - John took off his hat as he entered the room John đã giở nón trước bước vào phòng - Is Helen taking off her coat because it is too warn in the room ? Có phải vì phòng quá nóng nên Helen đã cởi áo khoác ngoài ? TO CALL UP : gọi điện thoại - I forgot to call up Mr Jones yesterday although I promised to call him up exactly at three o'clock Hôm qua tôi đã quên gọi điện thoại cho ông Jones mặc dù tôi đã hứa gọi ông vào lúc - Did anyone call me up while I was out ? Có gọi cho tôi lúc tôi vắng không ? TO TURN ON : vặn, mở khóa (đèn, vòi nước, ) - Please turn on the light This room is dark Gian phòng này tối Làm ơm mở đèn dùm (104) - Someone turned on the radiator in this room while we were out Có người đã mở khóa lò sưởi phòng này chúng tôi vắng TO TURN OFF : khóa lại, đóng lại, tắt (đèn, lò sưởi, ) - Please turn off the light We not need now Xin tắt dùm đèn, đây chúng tôi không cần - Shall I turn off the radio or are you still listening to it ? Tôi có thể tắt máy thu chưa hay các bạn còn để nghe ? RIGHT AWAY : lập tức, tức khắc - She says that dinner will be ready right away Cô ta bảo bữa cơm dọn lên tức khắc - Can William come to my office right away ? William có thể đến văn phòng tôi không ? TO PICK UP : nhặt lên, nhặt lấy, cầm lấy - John picked up the newspaper which was on his desk John đã nhặt lấy tờ báo nơi bàn giấy anh - Why didn't you pick up that pencil which lay on the floor ? Tại anh không nhặt lấy cây bút chì sàn nhà lên ? 10 AT ONCE : lập tức, tức thì (right away) - He asked me to come to his office at once Ông ta yêu cầu tôi đến văn phòng - I want to send this telegram at once Tôi muốn gửi điện tín này tức thì 11 TO GET UP : ngồi dậy, thức dậy - I get up at seven o'clock every morning Mỗi sáng tôi thức dậy vào lúc - What time does your brother usually get up ? Anh cô thường thức dậy vào lúc ? - The man was so weak that he was unable to get up Người đàn ông yếu đến mức không thể ngồi dậy 12 AT FIRST : nguyên thủy, ban đầu, trước tiên - At first he seemed to find English very difficult, but later he made very good progress Thoạt tiên thấy Anh ngữ khó, sau đã có nhiều tiến khả quan - At first I thought it was John who was telephoning to me Ban đầu tôi nghĩ chính John là người đã gọi dây nói cho tôi A Substitute, in place of the italicized word or words the corresponding idiomatic expression partially in dictated in parentheses : He arises at the same time every morning (get ) She telephoned me very late last night (call ) Helen said that she was going to mail the letter immediately (right ) Be sure to extinguish the light before you leave the room (turn ) Remove your overcoat and sit-down a few minutes (105) (put ) Remove your overcoat and sit-down a few minutes (take ) Originally, I though it was John who calling me (at ) We boarded the bus at Broadway and 79th Street (get ) The bus was so crowded that we had difficulty in leaving (get ) 10 John took with his finger the pencil which was lying on the floor (pick ) B Answer these questions, making use in your answers of the idiomatic expressions studied in this lesson At what street you get on the bus or streetcar every morning ? At what street you usually get off ? It is easy or difficult to get on a bus which is crowded ? It is easy or difficult to get off a bus which is crowded ? Which of your friends called you up last night ? Whom did you call up last night ? Did Henry say that he would return right away or much later this evening ? Do you generally put on your hat and coat when you leave or when you enter your home ? When you generally take off your hat and coat ? 10 When you arrive at school each day, you immediately put on your hat and coat or take off your hat and coat ? 11 What you when you leave school each day ? 12 If you wish to hear some music you turn on or turn off the radio ? 13 What you when you finish playing the radio : turn on or turn off ? 14 At what time you get up every morning ? 15 And what time you brothers and sisters get up ? http://missquynhnhu.violet.vn/present/list/cat_id/2437935 BÊN EM MÙA XUÂN Nhịp bước nhịp bước trên hè phố rộn ràng Hoa thắm hoa thắm hương mùa Xuân dịu dàng Xa mây trời màu xanh Em tươi cười và cùng anh, đón xuân Giọt sương mang long lanh Lòng bâng khuâng vai kề Trong nắng Xuân áo hoa rực rỡ lụa mềm Là dáng em đó hay nàng tiên ngoài thềm Em nghe xuân lời tơ vương, Em nghe anh lời yêu thương, ngất ngây lòng Mình vui lên anh hỡi, Em yêu anh trọn đời! Mùa Xuân là tiếng hát em bên anh (106) Mùa Xuân đẹp ước mơ ngày xanh Mùa Xuân hồng thắm má em hoa đào Mùa Xuân là ánh mắt vừa trao! Tình yêu vừa chớm với em tóc thề Lời yêu người nói với anh còn say mê Cầm tay cùng bước dáng em yêu kiều Bờ môi hàm tiếu hé mở hôn đầu tiên EM MUỐN SỐNG BÊN ANH TRỌN ĐỒI Em muốn sống bên anh trọn đời Như núi Chu Prong đứng bên mặt trời Để ngày ngày mặt trời say mê gọi núi Em muốn sống bên anh trọn đời Như áng mây khát khao khát khao bầu trời Bầu trời em tình yêu em, mùa xuân (ơ ơ ơ) Tình yêu tôi màu xanh ngày lá rừng giọt sương hé dê dê (ơ ơ ơ) Tình yêu tôi giòng Krông na tuôn trào không khô cạn, không nào tàn phai Xin mãi mãi sông dài sống theo anh tới nơi chân trời Khi có ta sống tình yêu mãi mãi Dù mùa xuân có tàn phai Đâu Phải Bởi Mùa Thu Em ru gì ? Lời ru cho đá núi, đá núi tật nguyền, vết rạn thời gian Em ru gì ? Lời ru cho biển khơi, biển khơi biết ngừng lại Em ru gì ? Lời ru cho ta, đời đam mê, đời giông tố Em ru gì cho ta, qua bao ngày phôi pha Câu hát ngân lên tắt chừng Thôi đừng hát ru! Thôi đừng day dứt Lá trút rơi nhiều, đâu phải mùa thu Em ru gì ? Lời ru bao tiếc nuối, tiếc nuối đời, ước vọng tàn phai Em ru gì ? Lời ru cho ngày mai, ngày mai biết trở lại Em ru gì ? Lời ru cho ta, đời đam mê, đời giông tố Em ru gì cho ta, qua bao ngày phôi pha Câu hát ngân lên tắt chừng Thôi đừng hát ru! Thôi đừng day dứt Lá trút rơi nhiều đâu phải mùa thu Em ru gì ? Lời ru cho ta, đời đam mê, đời giông tố Em ru gì cho ta, qua bao ngày phôi pha Câu hát ngân lên tắt chừng Thôi đừng hát ru! Thôi đừng day dứt Lá trút rơi nhiều đâu phải mùa thu Thôi đừng hát ru! Thôi đừng day dứt Lá trút rơi nhiều đâu phải mùa thu (107)