Chapter 7: Overview of Reporting in the Business Information Warehouse Contents What Is the Business Information Warehouse? 7–2 Business Information Warehouse Architecture: An Overview 7–2 Business Information Warehouse Terminology 7–8 Business Information Warehouse Reporting Environment 7–9 Review 7–12 Report Development Tools In this chapter you will learn: How the Business Information Warehouse (BW) works as an enterprise-wide information hub The overall architecture of the Business Information Warehouse environment Important concepts and terminology related to the Business Information Warehouse 7–1 Chapter 7: Overview of Reporting in the Business Information Warehouse What Is the Business Information Warehouse? What Is the Business Information Warehouse? A component of SAP’s New Dimension product, the Business Information Warehouse (BW) is an enterprise-wide information hub It enables you to analyze data from R/3 applications or any other business application, including external data sources such as databases and the Internet The SAP Business Information Warehouse also offers easy integration with other New Dimension products, such as the SAP Advanced Planner and Optimizer (SAP APO), the SAP Business to Business (SAP B2B), and the SAP Strategic Enterprise Management (SAP SEM) Additionally, the Business Information Warehouse is a core element of SAP’s MySAP.com’s reporting strategy The Business Information Warehouse is a comprehensive end-to-end data warehouse solution with optimized structures for reporting and analysis To help knowledge workers quickly “mine” the business data in an enterprise, BW is equipped with preconfigured information models and reports, as well as automatic data extraction and loading methods With an easy-to-use Microsoft Excel based user interface, you can create, format, and analyze reports Built for high performance, the Business Information Warehouse resides on its own dedicated server Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) and reporting activities are therefore separated, and system performance is not compromised Note: The chapters in this section cover the reporting functionality as of BW Release 1.2B For product information, white papers, customer case studies, and other materials on the Business Information Warehouse, visit SAPNet or the Business Information Warehouse Information Center at http://www.sap.com/bw Business Information Warehouse Architecture: An Overview The Business Information Warehouse includes a relational Online Analytical Processing (OLAP), automated data extraction and staging tools, a preconfigured data repository, a user-friendly front-end (the Business Explorer) , and an Administrator Workbench) As shown on the next page, there are three layers in the Business Information Warehouse architecture: < 7–2 Business Explorer: As the top layer in the BW architecture, the Business Explorer (BEx) serves as the reporting environment (presentation and analysis) for end users It consists of the BEx Analyzer and the BEx Browser for analysis and reporting activities With its easy-to-use graphical interface, the Business Explorer provides standard functionality such as Microsoft Excel and Internet technologies integrated with advanced evaluation and business tools, such as currency translation, and pre-defined report builders for various reporting areas For more information, page 7–4 Reporting Made Easy Chapter 7: Overview of Reporting in the Business Information Warehouse Business Information Warehouse Architecture: An Overview < Business Information Warehouse Server: As the middle layer, the Business Information Warehouse server has two primary roles: Data warehouse management and administration: These tasks are handled by the production data extractor (a set of programs for the extraction of data from R/3 OLTP applications such as logistics, controlling, etc.), the staging engine, and the Administrator Workbench The OLAP processor is for multi-dimensional data views and is preconfigured with business models derived from the R/3 System Data storage and representation: These tasks are handled by the InfoCubes in conjunction with the data manager, the meta data repository, and the optional Operational Data Store (ODS) For more information, see page 7–5 Business Explorer BEx Analyzer BEx Analyzer BEx Browser BEx Browser InfoCube Meta Data Repository OLAP Processor OLAP Processor ODS Staging Engine Staging Engine Reporting and analysis environment for users Business Information Warehouse Server Application layer to facilitate data storage and retrieval; database layer to maintain the data Administrator Workbench Administrator Workbench BAPI Source Systems R/3 R/3 < File File External External System System SAP SAP BW BW Multiple information sources include R/3 systems, nonSAP systems, files, SAP BW, etc Source Systems: As the bottom layer, the source systems serve as the sources for raw business data The Business Information Warehouse environment can include a wide range of data sources, including R/3 (OLTP) systems, external systems, and files, as well as the SAP BW system For more information, see page 7–7 Report Development Tools 7–3 Chapter 7: Overview of Reporting in the Business Information Warehouse Business Information Warehouse Architecture: An Overview Business Application Programming Interfaces (BAPIs) enable communication among the various components of the Business Information Warehouse By using BAPIs, the Business Information Warehouse remains open for integration with additional applications and tools where needed What Is the Business Explorer (BEx) ? The reporting environment of the Business Information Warehouse, the Business Explorer (BEx) helps you analyze business data It enables end users to locate reports, view reports, and analyze information In the Business Explorer you can execute queries, create linked report output (organized in “workbooks”), present data from multiple application areas, systems, and more You can save queries in workbooks that can be assigned for use in other areas known as “channels.” How Is the Business Explorer Organized? The Business Explorer has the following components: Business Explorer Browser A graphical interface for organizing reports in the BW The BEx Browser is used to access R/3 transactions, reports, and Web sites For more information, see chapter 10 Business Explorer Analyzer The BEx Analyzer is an Excel-based interactive environment where analyses and queries are defined by selected characteristics and key figures You can analyze the selected data by freely navigating through multi-dimensional data and built-in business functions Presentation in Excel also allows users to take a report view and manipulate it as a document For instance, you can add additional calculations or notes, charts and graphics, combine different reports in one workbook, or distribute reports via e-mail For more information, see chapter Business Explorer Query Definition Query Definition Analyzer Analyzer Business Explorer Business Explorer Browser Browser Microsoft Excel OLAP Processor OLAP Processor InfoCube InfoCatalog InfoCatalog InfoCatalog Business Information Warehouse Server 7–4 Reporting Made Easy Chapter 7: Overview of Reporting in the Business Information Warehouse Business Information Warehouse Architecture: An Overview What Is the Business Information Warehouse Server? The Business Information Warehouse server is the name given to the application layer which facilitates data storage and retrieval It houses the following main components: < Administrator Workbench < Staging Engine < Meta Data Repository < InfoCube < Operational Data Store (ODS) < OLAP Processor What Is the Administrator Workbench? Acting as the control system of the Business Information Warehouse, the Administrator Workbench allows the BW administrator to perform all data warehouse modeling and maintenance tasks within a single, unified environment The Administrator Workbench has the following components: < Meta Data Maintenance to allow the administrator to specify and maintain the InfoCubes, ODS definitions, and technical data < Scheduler to schedule the transfer of data from your source system at regular intervals < Data Load Monitor to supervise the load and staging processes < Data Access Monitor to obtain statistics on BW usage For more information, see chapter 11 What Is the Meta Data Repository? Meta data is information on information It is central to the data warehouse concept An active meta data repository documents and controls the entire data warehouse environment Meta data is used to describe the source, history, and many other aspects of data The Meta Data Repository contains both business-related (for example, definitions, descriptions, and rules used for reporting) and technical (for example, structure and mapping rules for the data extraction and staging process) meta data With the Business Content (for more information, see 7–7) SAP delivers ready to run preconfigured meta data For more information, see Business Information Warehouse online documentation What Is the Staging Engine? The Staging Engine is employed to implement data mapping and transformation as a fully automated, meta data driven process Application Link Enabling (ALE), SAP’s persistent messaging middle-ware, is used for data transport from OLTP platforms to the BW server Initiated by its Scheduler, the Staging Engine requests an extract from an OLTP system Production data then undergoes a series of transformation, mapping, and condensing steps before it is stored in the InfoCubes, the central data containers of BW For more information, see Business Information Warehouse online documentation Report Development Tools 7–5 Chapter 7: Overview of Reporting in the Business Information Warehouse Business Information Warehouse Architecture: An Overview What Is an InfoCube? The central data containers which form the basis for reports and analyses in BW are called InfoCubes InfoCubes contains two types of data: key figures and characteristics (see Appendix G, Glossary) An InfoCube is a set of relational tables that are arranged in a star schema with a large fact table for recording transaction data at the center and several dimension tables around the fact table The fact table contains the key figures of the InfoCube while the dimension tables contain the characteristics of the cube InfoSources (see below) supply data to InfoCubes A query in the Business Explorer always refers to exactly one InfoCube For more information, see Business Information Warehouse online documentation Customer Dimension C Customer No Chain Office Head Office Sales Overhead Stock Value InfoObject (characteristic) Fact Table C T Quantity Sold Revenue Discount InfoObject (key figure) Time Dimension T Period Fiscal Year InfoCube: Profitability by Customer What Is the Operational Data Store? The ODS is a central store of requested data within the BW system The Operational Data Store (ODS) contains non-aggregated data, is organized as a set of relational tables, and is used as an intermediate store for the staging process The ODS is a store in which transaction and master data from different source systems can be stored in the technical format of the source systems For more information, see Business Information Warehouse online documentation What Is the OLAP Processor? The OLAP processor is the analytical engine of BW It uses a multidimensional database for analyzing and presenting various types of data, such as summarized OLTP data, and market and syndicated data The OLAP processor allows many different types of analyses (for example, drilldown to various levels of details) Additionally, it offers other business functions such as currency translation For more information, see Business Information Warehouse online documentation 7–6 Reporting Made Easy Chapter 7: Overview of Reporting in the Business Information Warehouse Business Information Warehouse Architecture: An Overview What Are Source Systems? Systems that provide data for extraction to the Business Information Warehouse are known as Source systems The Business Information Warehouse supports various types of source systems: < R/3 systems as of Release 3.0D (with Business Content) < R/3 systems prior to Release 3.0D (BW regards them as external systems) < Non-SAP systems or external systems (connected via BAPIs) < File systems < SAP Business Information Warehouse system Data provision mechanisms in R/3 OLTP systems include extraction programs that export the data from the extract tables and send it to the Business Information Warehouse in the required format Business Content in the Business Information Warehouse SAP delivers preconfigured and extendable intelligence called Business Content to help with information deployment, data presentation, data analysis, data warehouse management, and data extraction and transformation Business Content consists of preconfigured role and task based information models Based on consistent meta data, these information models include channels, workbooks, queries, InfoCubes, InfoObjects, extractors, and InfoSources (see below) Business Content (Release 1.2B) Channels 10+ InfoObjects InfoObjects 1000+ Common Metadata Information deployment Workbooks Workbooks 180+ Data presentation Queries 180+ Data analysis InfoCubes InfoCubes 45+ Data warehouse management Extractors and InfoSources 90+ Data extraction and transformation Report Development Tools 7–7 Chapter 7: Overview of Reporting in the Business Information Warehouse Business Information Warehouse Terminology The goal of Business Content is to make relevant information available to selected user roles in an enterprise To speed up the implementation, the Business Content includes both general and industry-specific business content Before modeling your own InfoCubes, or building new queries in the Business Information Warehouse, it is recommended to check if a similar evaluation already exists in the BW Business Content To illustrate the BW reporting in subsequent chapters, we will use the SD DemoCube from the BW Business content For more information on Business Content, see the Business Information Warehouse online documentation Technical and Demo Content In addition to the Business Content described above, BW also includes Technical Content and Demo Content Technical Content is intended for Data Warehouse administrators, consultants, and SAP development support Demo Content encompasses sample data and can be used as illustrative material (for example the Sales and Distribution (SD) DemoCube and Profitability Analysis (PA) DemoCube) Before you can you work with the Business Content objects, you must activate them For more information on how to activate the SAP DemoCube, see chapter 11 Business Information Warehouse Terminology To help you become familiar with some of the terms covered in this and later chapters, we have included a brief explanation of the following terms: InfoObject, InfoSource, InfoCatalog, and Business Content InfoObject An InfoObject is a generic term for characteristics and key figures in the Business Information Warehouse InfoObjects are used in InfoCubes and in the three structures that are relevant for data requests—extract, transfer, and communication structures InfoSource An InfoSource is a set of logically associated information which can contain transaction data (stored in InfoCubes) and master data (attributes, texts, and hierarchies stored in separate tables) InfoSources describe all the information available for a business transaction or type of business transaction (for example, cost center accounting) InfoCatalog The InfoCatalog (see graphic below) is a tree-like structure that displays a list of available BW workbooks The various InfoCatalog trees contain SAP-delivered workbooks and userdefined workbooks that are available to user groups, individual users, and as favorite queries (user favorites) The structure of the subtrees can be freely defined by the administrator For more information, see chapter 10 7–8 Reporting Made Easy Chapter 7: Overview of Reporting in the Business Information Warehouse Business Information Warehouse Reporting Environment You can view the workbooks according to: < < Channels < User favorites Channels assigned to specific users Workbooks in Channels and Favorites can be accessed using the BEx Browser Business Information Warehouse Reporting Environment The Business Information Warehouse is an information hub for enterprise-wide use at all hierarchical levels From office workers to top executives, most of a company’s employees can access comprehensive, flexible, and powerful queries The evaluations and analyses are tailored to meet particular needs Shown below is a typical BW landscape in an enterprise Field Sales Rep Business Explorer Sales Manager Business Explorer Chief Financial Officer Business Explorer Operations Manager Business Explorer Internet Business Business Information Information Warehouse Warehouse Server Server R/3 OLTP (different versions) SAP BW System External System Data File Note: Internet capabilities are available with Release 2.0 of the Business Information Warehouse Report Development Tools 7–9 Chapter 7: Overview of Reporting in the Business Information Warehouse Business Information Warehouse Reporting Environment You analyze the data stored in the Business Information Warehouse by defining queries for the InfoCubes After a query has been created, the results are “embedded” into a workbook What Is a Query? A query is a data evaluation based on the selection of characteristics and key figures Queries can be configured according to the way you want to view and navigate through data Users define queries to analyze the data from an InfoCube In chapter you will learn how to create a query in the Business Information Warehouse What Is a Workbook? A workbook is a multi-functional “report” in Microsoft Excel Workbooks integrate data output, graphical displays, and multi-functional queries, all with the spreadsheet capabilities of Microsoft Excel (see sample workbook shown below) In the next chapter you will learn how to create a workbook template in the Business Information Warehouse Incorporates corporate logo or other graphical elements Allows presentation of annotated analysis of report data Offers a graphical view of the report result Use the pushbuttons to drill down Provides pushbuttons to display another worksheet of other queries Integrates Business Explorer toolbar 7–10 Reporting Made Easy Chapter 7: Overview of Reporting in the Business Information Warehouse Business Information Warehouse Reporting Environment Application Layer Database Layer Business Information Warehouse Server Execute Query Definition Query Definition Meta Data Manager Meta Data Manager Meta Data Repository BEx BEx Analyzer Analyzer Drilldown Business Explorer The graphic below shows the relationship between the Business Explorer and the Business Information Warehouse server Typically, the first step is to define a query in the Excelbased BEx Analyzer Once a query has been defined, the Meta Data Manager facilitates the retrieval of meta data from the Meta Data Repository The BEx Analyzer requests the data from the query and presents the current view of the stored data The query results are presented in a workbook Only the data that is currently required in the Business Explorer is transferred from the InfoCube to the query If a new data view is needed, the OLAP processor retrieves the data from the InfoCube The OLAP processor “builds” the query from the InfoCube data and provides methods for navigating through the data in several dimensions The data from both the current and previous Business Explorer drilldown always remains on the application server OLAP Processor OLAP Processor Optional: Store or retrieve workbook InfoCube InfoCatalog Where Do We Go From Here? This chapter presented an overview of reporting in a Business Information Warehouse environment To help build a good foundation for the material covered in subsequent chapters, we introduced you to the BW architecture, concepts, and terminology With the help of a business example, you will learn how to use the Business Information Warehouse to create a workbook in the next chapter Report Development Tools 7–11 Chapter 7: Overview of Reporting in the Business Information Warehouse Review Review < < The Business Information Warehouse includes a relational data processor, automated data extraction and staging tools, a preconfigured data repository, a user-friendly frontend (the Business Explorer), and an Administrator Workbench < The Business Information Warehouse architecture has three layers: Business Explorer: Reporting and analysis front-end for knowledge workers (top layer) Business Information Warehouse Server: Application layer to facilitate data storage and retrieval (middle layer) Source Systems: Data sources, including R/3 systems, non-SAP systems, data files, and SAP BW systems (bottom layer) < The Business Explorer has two components: BEx Browser (to organize workbooks into channels and clusters) and BEx Analyzer (to create consumer, standard and ad hoc reports) < The Business Information Warehouse server components include: Administrator Workbench: Serves as the BW control system Meta Data Repository: Contains business-related and technical meta data Staging Engine: Implements data mapping and transformation as a meta data driven process InfoCube: Central data container where key figures and characteristics reside Operational Data Store (ODS): A central temporary store of requested data within the BW system OLAP Processor: Analyzes summarized OLTP data < 7–12 The Business Information Warehouse is an enterprise-wide information hub It allows you to analyze data from R/3 and non-SAP applications in an Excel-based user interface The Business Information Warehouse terminology includes the following: InfoObject: Generic term for key figures and characteristics Business Content: Provides all the objects needed to extract and display OLTP data InfoSource: Set of logically associated information which can contain transaction and master data Query: Data evaluation based on the selection of key figures and characteristics Workbook: Multi-functional “report” in Microsoft Excel where queries are embedded Reporting Made Easy ... Chapter 7: Overview of Reporting in the Business Information Warehouse Business Information Warehouse Architecture: An Overview What Is the Business Information Warehouse Server? The Business Information. .. defined by the administrator For more information, see chapter 10 7–8 Reporting Made Easy Chapter 7: Overview of Reporting in the Business Information Warehouse Business Information Warehouse Reporting. . .Chapter 7: Overview of Reporting in the Business Information Warehouse What Is the Business Information Warehouse? What Is the Business Information Warehouse? A component of SAP’s New