&RQWHQWV## 2YHUYLHZ#4# 2YHUYLHZ#RI#0HVVDJH#5RXWLQJ#LQ# ([FKDQJH#5333# 5# 5RXWLQJ#*URXSV#7# &RQQHFWLQJ#5RXWLQJ#*URXSV#;# /LQN#6WDWH# 48# +RZ#0HVVDJHV#$UH#5RXWHG# 53# 0DQDJLQJ#5RXWLQJ#*URXSV# 5;# /DE#$=#&UHDWLQJ#5RXWLQJ#*URXSV#DQG## 5RXWLQJ#*URXS#&RQQHFWRUV# 64# /DE#%=#&UHDWLQJ#DQ#6073#&RQQHFWRU# 74# 5HYLHZ# 78# # Module 9: Creating and Managing Routing Groups in Exchange 2000 Information in this document is subject to change without notice. The names of companies, products, people, characters, and/or data mentioned herein are fictitious and are in no way intended to represent any real individual, company, product, or event, unless otherwise noted. Complying with all applicable copyright laws is the responsibility of the user. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express written permission of Microsoft Corporation. If, however, your only means of access is electronic, permission to print one copy is hereby granted. Microsoft may have patents, patent applications, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property rights covering subject matter in this document. Except as expressly provided in any written license agreement from Microsoft, the furnishing of this document does not give you any license to these patents, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property.  2000 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, MS-DOS, MS, Windows, Windows NT, Active Directory directory service, ActiveX, BackOffice, FrontPage, Hotmail, MSN, Outlook, PowerPoint, SQL Server, Visual Studios, and Win32, are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the U.S.A. and/or other countries. The names of companies, products, people, characters, and/or data mentioned herein are fictitious and are in no way intended to represent any real individual, company, product, or event, unless otherwise noted. Other product and company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners. Project Lead: David Phillips Instructional Designers: Lance Morrison (Wasser), Janet Sheperdigian, Steve Thues Lead Program Manager: Mark Adcock Program Manager: Lyle Curry, Scott Hay, Janice Howd, Steve Schwartz (Implement.Com), Bill Wade (Wadeware LLC) Graphic Artist: Kimberly Jackson, Andrea Heuston (Artitudes Layout and Design) Editing Manager: Lynette Skinner Editor: Elizabeth Reese (Write Stuff) Copy Editor: Ed Casper (S&T Consulting), Carolyn Emory (S&T Consulting), Patricia Neff (S&T Consulting), Noelle Robertson (S&T Consulting) Online Program Manager: Debbi Conger Online Publications Manager: Arlo Emerson (Aquent Partners) Online Support: Eric Brandt Multimedia Developer : Kelly Renner (Entex) Compact Disc Testing: Data Dimensions, Inc. Production Support: Ed Casper (S&T Consulting) Manufacturing Manager: Bo Galford Manufacturing Support: Rick Terek Lead Product Manager, Development Services: Lead Product Manager: David Bramble Group Product Manager: Robert Stewart # 0RGXOH#<=#&UHDWLQJ#DQG#0DQDJLQJ#5RXWLQJ#*URXSV#LQ#([FKDQJH#5333# # LLL# ,QVWUXFWRU#1RWHV# This module provides students with knowledge and skills to design, implement, and manage routing groups. This module explains the message routing algorithms used in Microsoft ® Exchange 2000. Routing groups and the link state table are explained. Various routing scenarios are discussed and analyzed. At the end of this module, students will be able to: „# Describe the components that enable message routing between servers and routing groups. „# Explain what the link state table is and how it is used for message routing. „# Describe the routing algorithm used to determine the path for a message. „# Design routing groups for a given situation. „# Create and manage routing groups and routing group connectors. 0DWHULDOV#DQG#3UHSDUDWLRQ# This section provides you with the required materials and preparation tasks that are needed to teach this module. 5HTXLUHG#0DWHULDOV# To teach this module, you need the following materials: • Microsoft PowerPoint ® file 1569A_09.ppt 3UHSDUDWLRQ#7DVNV# To prepare for this module, you should: „# Read all of the materials for this module. „# Complete the lab. „# Practice your demonstration. 3UHVHQWDWLRQ=## 453#0LQXWHV# # /DE=## 93#0LQXWHV# LY##0RGXOH#<=#&UHDWLQJ#DQG#0DQDJLQJ#5RXWLQJ#*URXSV#LQ#([FKDQJH#5333# ,QVWUXFWRU#6HWXS#IRU#D#/DE# This section provides lab tips for labs in this module. /DE#$=#&UHDWLQJ#5RXWLQJ#*URXSV#DQG#5RXWLQJ#*URXS# &RQQHFWRUV## During this lab, problems with Exchange 2000 Beta 3 may cause messages to become stuck in the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) PreRoutingQueue in London. Monitor this queue during the lab, and if messages become stuck, enter the following command in a command prompt window: .LOO#LQHWLQIR# # This is the process that contains SMTP. It will automatically restart and messages should then flow out of the PreRoutingQueue. You can force the restart by right-clicking on the PreRoutingQueue, and then clicking Make Connection Active. # 0RGXOH#<=#&UHDWLQJ#DQG#0DQDJLQJ#5RXWLQJ#*URXSV#LQ#([FKDQJH#5333# # Y# 0RGXOH#6WUDWHJ\# Use the following strategy to present this module: „# Overview of Message Routing in Exchange 2000 Give an overview of message routing, defining terms and making a clear distinction from previous versions of Exchange. „# Routing Groups Describe the characteristics of a routing group. „# Connecting Routing Groups List and describe each of the connectors that can be used to connect routing groups. „# Link State Describe the link state table and how its information is used to determine message routes. „# How Messages Are Routed Explain how messages are transferred from sender to recipient for a variety of scenarios. Present each slide, keeping the focus on that specific scenario, rather than using one slide to explain every scenario. „# Designing Routing Groups Discuss routing group designs, including what servers can be part of a routing group, when to use multiple routing groups, and how to choose a connector. „# Creating Routing Groups and Routing Group Connectors Demonstrate how to create a routing group and a routing group connector. # 0RGXOH#<=#&UHDWLQJ#DQG#0DQDJLQJ#5RXWLQJ#*URXSV#LQ#([FKDQJH#5333# # 4# 2YHUYLHZ# „ 2YHUYLHZ#RI#0HVVDJH#5RXWLQJ#LQ#([FKDQJH#5333 „ 5RXWLQJ#*URXSV „ &RQQHFWLQJ#5RXWLQJ#*URXSV „ /LQN#6WDWH „ +RZ#0HVVDJHV#$UH#5RXWHG „ 0DQDJLQJ#5RXWLQJ#*URXSV Routing groups provide the administrator with a method for controlling message traffic, tracking messages, and troubleshooting delivery failures. The link state table provides an efficient method for routing messages and preventing the ping-pong effect, if a link has failed. With the flexibility comes additional complexity in planning and properly grouping servers within a routing group. At the end of this module, you will be able to: „# Describe the components that enable message routing between servers and routing groups. „# Describe requirements for routing groups and when to use multiple routing groups. „# Describe the connectors used to connect routing groups. „# Explain what the link state table is and how it is used for message routing. „# Describe the routing algorithm that is used to determine the path for a message. „# Create and manage routing groups and routing group connectors. 6OLGH#2EMHFWLYH# 7R#SURYLGH#DQ#RYHUYLHZ#RI# WKH#PRGXOH#WRSLFV#DQG# REMHFWLYHV1# /HDG0LQ# ,Q#WKLV#PRGXOH/#\RX#ZLOO#OHDUQ# KRZ#URXWLQJ#JURXSV#ZRUN/# KRZ#WR#SODQ#URXWLQJ#JURXSV/# DQG#KRZ#WR#FUHDWH#URXWLQJ# JURXSV#DQG#URXWLQJ#JURXS# FRQQHFWRUV1# 5# # 0RGXOH#<=#&UHDWLQJ#DQG#0DQDJLQJ#5RXWLQJ#*URXSV#LQ#([FKDQJH#5333# 2YHUYLHZ#RI#0HVVDJH#5RXWLQJ#LQ#([FKDQJH#5333# Link State Table Connector Routing Group A Routing Group A Routing Group B Routing Group B The routing process for a message begins when Microsoft ® Exchange 2000 receives a message either from a user, another computer running Exchange, or a foreign messaging system through a connector or gateway. The server running Exchange 2000 looks up the recipient in Active Directory™ directory service and routes the message to the recipient. 'LIIHUHQFHV#%HWZHHQ#([FKDQJH#5333#DQG#3UHYLRXV# 9HUVLRQV# Previous versions of Exchange use sites to organize servers for both communications and administration. Network bandwidth is the primary factor in determining site boundaries. That is, network bandwidth should be high between servers within a site. However, a site design based on network bandwidth may not be the optimum design for administrative boundaries. With Exchange 2000, the site concept is divided into routing groups and administrative groups. With Exchange 2000 in native mode, routing group design is independent of administrative group design. 5RXWLQJ#*URXSV## Routing groups are groups of servers running Exchange 2000 that are connected over reliable, permanent links. From a topological perspective, routing groups are equivalent to sites in previous versions of Exchange. Separating servers into routing groups enables you to control mail flow, trouble-shoot message transfer between groups of servers, and track messages. Exchange 2000 uses Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) as its primary protocol, rather than RPC (Remote Procedure Call), which was used by previous versions of Exchange. With SMTP, it is not as important to have a high bandwidth connection between servers. SMTP is more reliable over limited bandwidth connections than is RPC. It is more important that servers in a routing group have permanent, reliable connectivity than high bandwidth between them. 6OLGH#2EMHFWLYH# 7R#SURYLGH#DQ#RYHUYLHZ#RI# PHVVDJH#URXWLQJ#DQG#WR# LQWURGXFH#WHUPV#DQG# FRPSRQHQWV1# /HDG0LQ# 0HVVDJH#URXWLQJ#LQ# ([FKDQJH#5333#KDV#EHHQ# RSWLPL]HG#WR#UHGXFH# PHVVDJH#SLQJ0SRQJ#ZKHQ#D# VHUYHU#FRQQHFWLRQ#LV#GRZQ1# # 0RGXOH#<=#&UHDWLQJ#DQG#0DQDJLQJ#5RXWLQJ#*URXSV#LQ#([FKDQJH#5333# # 6# &RQQHFWRUV# Routing groups are connected using connectors. Following is a list of connectors available with Exchange 2000 that can connect routing groups together: „# Routing group connector „# Simple Mail Transfer Protocol connector „# X.400 connector Connectors designed for third party mail systems cannot be used to connect routing groups. /LQN#6WDWH# The Exchange 2000 routing and selection process uses a link state table to determine the shortest path between two routing groups for a given message. To provide an efficient fault tolerant routing mechanism, Exchange 2000 uses a link state table. The link state table is stored on each server running Exchange 2000 and contains the status of each connector in the Exchange 2000 organization. If a server running Exchange 2000 cannot find a route for a particular message after referring to the link state table, it will not attempt to deliver the message. 7# # 0RGXOH#<=#&UHDWLQJ#DQG#0DQDJLQJ#5RXWLQJ#*URXSV#LQ#([FKDQJH#5333# ‹‹ # 5RXWLQJ#*URXSV# „ 'HILQLQJ#D#5RXWLQJ#*URXS „ :KHQ#WR#8VH#0XOWLSOH#5RXWLQJ#*URXSV „ 5RXWLQJ#*URXS#7RSRORJ\ SMTP A routing group is a group of servers running Exchange 2000 with reliable connectivity between them. Servers running Exchange 2000 in the same routing group have full-mesh connectivity, which means that all of the servers in the routing group communicate directly with each other. They can deliver messages as needed in a single hop. Servers running Exchange 2000 in the same routing group are assumed to have reliable, permanent network connectivity between them. When you plan your routing topology, you should take into consideration the physical locations that you have, how they are connected, and whether or not you want to control message flow. This exercise is similar to designing Exchange sites in earlier versions of Exchange and similar to designing Microsoft Windows ® 2000 Active Directory sites. 6OLGH#2EMHFWLYH# 7R#JLYH#DQ#RYHUYLHZ#RI#WKLV# WRSLF1# /HDG0LQ# $#URXWLQJ#JURXS#LV#D#JURXS#RI# VHUYHUV#WKDW#KDYH#UHOLDEOH/# SHUPDQHQW#FRQQHFWLYLW\1# [...]... create a single administration group to hold all routing groups within the Exchange 2000 organization and create other administrative groups for the daily administration of other Exchange objects When you have only a single group of servers in a full-mesh topology, you do not require special routing group administration 1RWH# Unless you specifically define routing groups, you do not see the Routing Groups. .. SRLQW#ZLWKLQ#D#URXWLQJ#JURXS1# Information Store Information Store EXIFS EXIFS Inetinfo.exe Inetinfo.exe Advanced Queuing Message Categorizer Advanced Queuing Routing and Queuing Message Categorizer SMTP IIS Routing and Queuing SMTP IIS Routing Group A When the server determines that the recipient’s mailbox is on a different server within the same routing group, the routing process becomes slightly more... the bridgehead server in routing group B that connects to routing group C 2 The bridgehead server in routing group C that connects to routing group D sends the message to the bridgehead server in routing group D 3 The bridgehead server in routing group D that connects to routing group E sends the message to the bridgehead server in routing group E 4 The bridgehead server in routing group E sends the... &KRRVH#'LVSOD\#5RXWLQJ#*URXSV Routing groups are located under the Administrative Groups container in the Exchange System Manager console However, it is the routing group that is administered by the administrative group, not necessarily the servers in the routing group Servers running Exchange can be administered in one administrative group while the routing group to which the servers belong is in another administrative... Server Routing Group A Routing Group A Bridgehead Server Connector Cost = 10 Routing Group B Routing Group B Communication between servers in different routing groups is accomplished by using connectors You can use any of the following connectors to connect two routing groups: „# Routing group connector „# SMTP connector „# X.400 connector The Routing Group Connector can only connect routing groups. .. within the routing group The first server added to a routing group becomes the routing group master, but this can be changed through the Exchange System Manager console If the routing group master fails, an administrator must designate a new routing group master The servers running Exchange 2000 in the routing group will continue to use the existing link state table, without updates, until the original... connection fails between routing groups, messages are rerouted For example, in the graphic on this page, a user in routing group B sends a message to a recipient in routing group E The least cost route between routing group B and routing group E is through routing group C: 1 The message is sent from the sending user’s server to the bridgehead server in routing group B that connects to routing group C 2 The... an X.400 messaging route between two routing groups or between a routing group and an X.400 system An X.400 messaging route defines the path that an X.400 message follows to reach its final destination Use the X.400 connector to connect routing groups in the following situations: „# When the network connection between routing groups is X.25 „# When the network connection between routing groups is over... through multiple servers and routing groups If multiple routes have the same cost, then the server chooses a random route, to provide load balancing In the graphic on this page, a user in routing group B sends a message to a recipient in routing group E The least cost route between routing group B and routing group E is through routing group C and D: 1 The message is sent from the sending user’s server to... more routing groups before finding a bridgehead server that hosts a connector to a foreign messaging system It is not necessary for every routing group in an Exchange organization to host connectors to foreign systems 59# # 0RGXOH# . /DE#%=#&UHDWLQJ#DQ#6073#&RQQHFWRU# 74# 5HYLHZ# 78# # Module 9: Creating and Managing Routing Groups in Exchange 2000 Information in this document is subject to change. multiple routing groups, and how to choose a connector. „# Creating Routing Groups and Routing Group Connectors Demonstrate how to create a routing group and