MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF FORESTRY  DUONG VAN HUY TREE SPECIES COMPOSITION AND DIVERSITY IN RELATION TO ALTITUDE OF CLOSED-CANOPY SUBTROPICAL EVERGREEN MOIST FOREST IN BIDOUP NUI BA NATIONAL PARK, VIET NAM MASTER THESIS IN FOREST SCIENCE 2018 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF FORESTRY  DUONG VAN HUY TREE SPECIES COMPOSITION AND DIVERSITY IN RELATION TO ALTITUDE OF CLOSED-CANOPY SUBTROPICAL EVERGREEN MOIST FOREST IN BIDOUP NUI BA NATIONAL PARK, VIET NAM Major: Forest Science Code: 8620201 MASTER THESIS IN FOREST SCIENCE ACADEMIC ADVISOR: ASSOC PROF DR BUI THE DOI SIGNATURE: Hanoi, 2018 DECLARATION I hereby confirm that this is my own research The data and results stated in the thesis are truthful and has not published in any one of the other studies Duong Van Huy i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I started to study Tropical Forestry program in Vietnam National University of Forestry (VNUF) in 2016 It was a difficult time for me Because my knowledge was limited It was very hard for me to complete my study without the support of many people From inner of myself, I want to thank you all First of all, I would like send special thank to my advisor Associate Prof Dr Bui The Doi (Vietnam National University of Forestry) I want to thank for everything he did for me, for teaching, useful advice, support and encouragement He is very nice, knowledgeable and enthusiastic I want to learning many things from him Sincerely thank to the Dr Bui Manh Hung , VNUF for his training with me about some softwares, which I used in my study Thank to the Board of Directors in Bidoup - Nui Ba National Park for their assistance and help to create the most favorable conditions in the process of survey and data collection at the park Thank you to Mr Le Van Son, Mr Truong Quang Cuong, Mr Nguyen Ich Le Phuoc Thanh and Mr Bui Trung Tuyen – officers of Bidoup - Nui Ba National Park I want to thank for helping of them in field survey and data collection I would like to send my thanks to my friends and my family for encouraging, sharing, helping and creating favorable conditions both physically, and mentally Thank you all ! Duong Van Huy Hanoi, 2018 ii ABSTRACT Bidoup - Nui Ba National Park is one of the highest biodiversity area in Vietnam With the main area of cover by closed-canopy subtropical evergreen moist forest, this type of forest has many unique values The study was conducted at altitudes: 1400-1600m; 1600-1800m; 1800m and above The research focused on the diversity of plant and forest structure at these altitudes By applying updated and current methods in forest inventory and mensuration, the research has obtained main results as follows: The total of species in all levels is 127 species, mainly belonging to families: Fabaceae, Lauraceae, Theaceae, and Euphorbiaceae The diversity of the plant decreases when the altitude increases This phenomenon was explained by the competition of trees in populations about light, nutrient, living space, that are harsher when going higher altitude The Simpson, and Shannon-Winer indexes were determined, with values were 0.02 and 4.05 for forest at the altitude of 1400-1600m; 0.03 and 3.86 for altitude of 1600-1800m; and 0.03 and 3.50 at the altitude of > 1800 m Only Distance equation explains well the tree number distribution by diameter, while there is not any equation for the tree number distribution by the tree height The Cubic equation is the best to describe the relation between diameter and height of trees in forest However, this equation is very complicated, Logarithmic equation has a smaller R but it can explain quite good this relation The relation between D and H for each altitude was LnH= 1.393 + 0.427* LnDbh (1400-1600 m); LnH = 1.126 + 0.523* LnDbh (1600-1800 m) and LnH = 0.992 + 0.517* LnDbh (> 1800 m), respectively The regeneration status of study site is very diverse with the appearance of various species from families which are mainly participated in species composition of canopy layer, such as Fabaceae, Lauraceae, Theaceae,etc Regeneration trees with best quality (A) consists 30% at all altitudes Although the research obtained some results to meet the research objectives and might be used for coming research in Bidoup - Nui Ba National Park in the future However, it still has some shortcomings that need to be improved Author is looking forward to receiving comments from readers, scientists and experts for the better one iii TABLE OF CONTENT DECLARATION i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii ABSTRACT iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS vi LIST OF TABLES vii LIST OF FIGURES ix CHAPTER INTRODUCTION CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Some related concepts 2.1.1 Vegetation 2.1.2 Forest structure 2.2 Some related researches 2.2.1 In the world 2.2.2 In Viet Nam 2.2.3 Research on vegetation at Bidoup - Nui Ba National Park 15 CHAPTER RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY 17 3.1 Goal 17 3.2 Specific objectives 17 3.3 Methodology 17 3.3.1 Study site 17 3.3.2 Data collection methods 18 3.3.3 Data analyses 20 CHAPTER NATURAL CONDITIONS OF STUDY AREA 25 4.1 Natural conditions 25 4.1.1 Geographical location 25 4.1.2 Topography, geomorphology 26 4.1.3 Geology and Soil characteristics 27 4.1.4 Climate 28 iv 4.1.5 Hydrological 29 4.2 Plant resources 29 4.2.1 Diversity of plants 29 4.2.2 Endangered and rare plant species in Bidoup - Nui Ba NP 29 CHAPTER RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 32 5.1 Structural characteristics of woody plant communities at different altitudes 32 5.1.1 Tree species composition of forest vegetation at different altitudes 32 5.1.2 Forest structure 34 5.1.3 Relationship between diameter and height (Dbh-H equation) 53 5.2 Plant diversity of forest types at different altitude 63 5.3 Natural regeneration characteristics 64 5.3.1 Quality of regenerated trees in study site 65 5.3.2 The growth characteristics of regenerated trees 66 5.3.3 Plant diversity of regeneration tree 68 CHAPER CONCLUSION- RECOMMEDATION 69 6.1 Conclusion 69 6.1.1 Structural characteristics of woody plant communities at different altitude 69 6.1.2 Plant diversity of forest types at different altitude 70 6.1.3 Natural regeneration characteristics 70 6.2 Recommendation 71 6.3 Limitation 71 REFRENCES APPENDICES v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS NP National Park FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Dbh Diameter breast height MARD Ministry of Argciulture and Rural Devlopment FIPI Forest Inventory and Planning Institute UNESCO United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization N/D Distribution of trees by diameter N/H Distribution of trees by height IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources GPS Global positioning system vi LIST OF TABLES Table Botanical composition in Bidoup - Nui Ba NP in Viet Nam Red Book and IUCN Red List 30 Table Tree species composition in 1400-1600m altitude 32 Table Tree species composition in 1600-1800m altitude 33 Table Tree species composition in 1800m and above 33 Table Diameter growth of forest at different altitudes 35 Table 5 Height growth of forest at different altitudes 35 Table N/D distribution at altitude of 1400-1600m 40 Table N/D distribution at altitude of 1600m-1800m 42 Table N/D distribution at altitude of 1800m and above 44 Table N/H distribution at altitude of 1400-1600m 48 Table 10 N/H distribution at altitude of 1600m-1800m 50 Table 11 N/H distribution at altitude of 1800m and above 51 Table 12 Model Summary and Parameter Estimates for D-H relation for the forest at altitude of 1400-1600m 54 Table 13 Model Summary and Parameter Estimates for D-H relation for the forest at altitude of 1600-1800m 55 Table 14 Model Summary and Parameter Estimates for D-H relation for the forest at altitude of >1800m 56 Table 5.15 Descriptive Statistics of variables in 1400-1600m 58 Table 16 Model Summary( 1400-1600m) 58 Table 17 Coefficients (1400-1600m) 58 Table 18 Descriptive Statistics of variables in 1600-1800m 59 Table 19 Model Summary (1600-1800m) 60 Table 5.20 Coefficients (1600-1800m) 60 Table 21 Descriptive Statistics of variables in 1800m and above 61 Table 22 Model Summary (1800m and above) 61 Table 23 Coefficients (1800m and above) 62 vii Table 24 Plant diversity at different altitudes 63 Table 5.25 Natural regeneration trees in altitudes 64 Table 26 Quality of regenerated trees surveyed in sample plots 65 Table 27 The growth of expected trees in regeneration layer 66 Table 28 Diversity of regeneration trees 68 viii Pyrenaria jonquieriana Pierre 2 0,0056 -5,179 -0,029177 Quercus acutissima Carruth 12 0,0113 -4,486 -0,050544 Quercus braianensis A Camus 0,0085 -4,774 -0,040339 Quercus kerrii Craib 0,0028 -5,872 -0,016541 Quercus langbianensis Hickel & A Camus 2 0,0056 -5,179 -0,029177 Rhododendron moulmainense Hook 0,0028 -5,872 -0,016541 Sabia parviflora Schima wallichii (DC.) Korth var nornhae (Blume) Bloemb Sloanea sinensis 0,0085 -4,774 -0,040339 2 0,0056 -5,179 -0,029177 2 0,0056 -5,179 -0,029177 Sorbus corymbifera Hiep & Yakovl 12 0,0113 -4,486 -0,050544 Sterculia hyposticta 2 0,0056 -5,179 -0,029177 Symplocos adenophylla Wall ex G Don 2 0,0056 -5,179 -0,029177 Symplocos annamensis Noot 0,0085 -4,774 -0,040339 Symplocos cambodiana (Pierre) Hall f 12 0,0113 -4,486 -0,050544 Symplocos cochinchinensis (Lour.) S Moore 13 156 0,0366 -3,307 -0,121108 Symplocos poilanei Guillaum 16 240 0,0451 -3,1 -0,139697 Syzygium wightianum Wall ex Wight & Arn 42 0,0197 -3,926 -0,077418 Syzygium zeylanicum (L.) DC 30 0,0169 -4,08 -0,068964 Turpinia pomifera (Roxb.) DC 0,0028 -5,872 -0,016541 Urophyllum streptopodium Wall 0,0028 -5,872 -0,016541 Vaccinium sprengelii 0,0085 -4,774 -0,040339 Wendlandia paniculata (Roxb.) DC 0,0085 -4,774 -0,040339 355 2902 125670 D 0,0231 -4,046103 H 4,0461035 J' 0,9083494 Appendix Plant diversity index (1600-1800m) Scientific name Acer laurinum Hassk Adinandra integerrima T Anders ex Dyer in Hook f Adinandra poilanei Gagnep N N(N-1) Pi ln(Pi) Pi*ln(Pi) 0,0034 -5,69 -0,019 0,0034 -5,69 -0,019 2 0,0068 -4,99 -0,034 Aglaia edulis (Roxb.) Wall 2 0,0068 -4,99 -0,034 Allomorphia arborescens Guillaum 2 0,0068 -4,99 -0,034 Alseodaphne suboppositifolia Kosterm 30 0,0203 -3,9 -0,079 Aporosa serrata Gagnep 56 0,0271 -3,61 -0,098 Calophyllum calaba L var bracteatum 2 0,0068 -4,99 -0,034 Calophyllum rugosum P F Stevens 0,0034 -5,69 -0,019 Canarium subulatum Guillaum 2 0,0068 -4,99 -0,034 12 132 0,0407 -3,2 -0,13 30 0,0203 -3,9 -0,079 0,0034 -5,69 -0,019 42 0,0237 -3,74 -0,089 Cinnamomum mairei Vevl Craibiodendron heryi W W Smith var bidoupensis Smitin & Phamh Craibiodendron vietnamense Judd 12 0,0136 -4,3 -0,058 12 0,0136 -4,3 -0,058 0,0102 -4,59 -0,047 Cryptocarya obovata 2 0,0068 -4,99 -0,034 Diospyros sylvatica Roxb 0,0102 -4,59 -0,047 Elaeocarpus bidupensis 20 0,0169 -4,08 -0,069 Elaeocarpus gagnepainii 0,0102 -4,59 -0,047 Elaeocarpus griffithii (Wight) A.Gray 30 0,0203 -3,9 -0,079 13 156 0,0441 -3,12 -0,138 Elaeocarpus japonicus Sieb & Zucc 0,0034 -5,69 -0,019 Elaeocarpus petiolatus (Jack) Wall Engelhardia spicata var aceriflora (Reinw.) Koord & Valeton Eriobotrya angustissima Hook f 2 0,0068 -4,99 -0,034 0,0034 -5,69 -0,019 0,0034 -5,69 -0,019 14 182 0,0475 -3,05 -0,145 Euodia lepta Merr 0,0034 -5,69 -0,019 Eurya japonica Thunb 30 0,0203 -3,9 -0,079 Ficus esquiroliana Lévl 0,0034 -5,69 -0,019 Garcinia poilanei Gagnep 0,0034 -5,69 -0,019 Castanopsis echinocarpa A DC Castanopsis fissa (Champ ex Benth.) Rehder & E.H.Wilson Castanopsis pseudoserrata Hickel & A Camus sec Phamh Cinnamomum cassia Presl Elaeocarpus harmandii Pierre Eriobotrya poilanei J E Vidal Glochidion hirsutum (Roxb.) Voigt 0,0034 -5,69 -0,019 Ilex triflora 0,0102 -4,59 -0,047 Illicium cambodianum Hance Lithocarpus echinophorus (Hickel & A Camus) A Camus Lithocarpus gigantophyllus (Hickel & A Camus) A Camus Lithocarpus longipedicellatus 18 306 0,061 -2,8 -0,171 0,0034 -5,69 -0,019 2 0,0068 -4,99 -0,034 0,0034 -5,69 -0,019 Lithocarpus silvicolarum (Hance) Chun Lithocarpus stenopus (Hickel & A Camus) A Camus Lithocarpus truncatus (King ex Hook f.) Rehder & E.H Wilson Litsea thorelii Lecomte 2 0,0068 -4,99 -0,034 2 0,0068 -4,99 -0,034 0,0034 -5,69 -0,019 56 0,0271 -3,61 -0,098 Litsea viridis var clemensii 2 0,0068 -4,99 -0,034 Machilus odoratissimus Nees 56 0,0271 -3,61 -0,098 Magnolia annamensis 2 0,0068 -4,99 -0,034 Magnolia yunnanensis (Hu) Noot 0,0102 -4,59 -0,047 Mangletia chevalieri Dandy 0,0034 -5,69 -0,019 Meliosma ochracea J E Vidal 0,0034 -5,69 -0,019 Michelia mediocris Dandy 0,0102 -4,59 -0,047 Nyssa javanica (Blume) Wangerin 2 0,0068 -4,99 -0,034 Paramichelia braianensis 2 0,0068 -4,99 -0,034 Pittosporum pauciflorum Hook et Arn 2 0,0068 -4,99 -0,034 Podocarpus neriifolius 0,0034 -5,69 -0,019 Polyosma dolichocarpa Merr 0,0034 -5,69 -0,019 Prunus arborea 20 0,0169 -4,08 -0,069 Pyrenaria jonquieriana Pierre 0,0034 -5,69 -0,019 30 870 0,1017 -2,29 -0,232 Quercus kerrii Craib 12 0,0136 -4,3 -0,058 Quercus langbianensis Hickel & A Camus 2 0,0068 -4,99 -0,034 Radermachera ignea 0,0034 -5,69 -0,019 Rhodoleia championii Hook f 0,0102 -4,59 -0,047 Sorbus corymbifera Hiep & Yakovl 0,0102 -4,59 -0,047 Symplocos adenophylla Wall ex G Don 0,0102 -4,59 -0,047 Symplocos annamensis Noot 12 0,0136 -4,3 -0,058 Symplocos cambodiana (Pierre) Hall f 0,0102 -4,59 -0,047 Symplocos cochinchinensis (Lour.) S Moore 42 0,0237 -3,74 -0,089 Symplocos poilanei Guillaum 42 0,0237 -3,74 -0,089 Quercus acutissima Carruth Syzygium wightianum Wall ex Wight & Arn 56 0,0271 -3,61 -0,098 11 110 0,0373 -3,29 -0,123 Tabernaemontana pauciflora Blume 0,0034 -5,69 -0,019 Turpinia pomifera (Roxb.) DC 0,0034 -5,69 -0,019 Urophyllum streptopodium Wall 12 0,0136 -4,3 -0,058 Uvaria pachychila Merr ex Ast 20 0,0169 -4,08 -0,069 Vaccinium sprengelii 0,0034 -5,69 -0,019 295 2438 Syzygium zeylanicum (L.) DC 86730 D 0,02811 -3,863 H' 3,8634 J' 0,8976 Appendix Plant diversity index (1800m and above) Scientific name Acer erythranthum Gagnep N N(N-1) Pi ln(Pi) Pi*ln(Pi) 20 0,03 -3,6584 -0,09429 Alseodaphne suboppositifolia Kosterm 2 0,01 -4,5747 -0,04716 Aralia thomsonii Seem ex C B Clarke 2 0,01 -4,5747 -0,04716 19 342 0,1 -2,3234 -0,22755 Atalantia monophylla (DC.) Correa 0,01 -5,2679 -0,02715 Beilschmiedia sphareocarpa Lecomte 2 0,01 -4,5747 -0,04716 Calophyllum calaba L var bracteatum 0,01 -5,2679 -0,02715 Camellia ligustrina Orel, Curry & Luu 2 0,01 -4,5747 -0,04716 Casearia virescens 0,01 -5,2679 -0,02715 Castanopsis echinocarpa A DC Castanopsis pseudoserrata Hickel & A Camus sec Phamh Cinnamomum cassia Presl 0,01 -5,2679 -0,02715 2 0,01 -4,5747 -0,04716 0,01 -5,2679 -0,02715 Cinnamomum mairei Vevl Craibiodendron heryi W W Smith var bidoupensis Smitin & Phamh Cryptocarya obovata 2 0,01 -4,5747 -0,04716 0,01 -5,2679 -0,02715 2 0,01 -4,5747 -0,04716 Dimocarpus fumatus (Blume) Leenh 0,01 -5,2679 -0,02715 Diospyros sylvatica Roxb 0,01 -5,2679 -0,02715 Elaeocarpus griffithii (Wight) A.Gray 0,01 -5,2679 -0,02715 Elaeocarpus japonicus Sieb & Zucc 20 380 0,1 -2,2721 -0,23424 56 0,04 -3,1884 -0,13148 12 132 0,06 -2,783 -0,17214 0,02 -4,1692 -0,06447 Eriobotrya poilanei J E Vidal 2 0,01 -4,5747 -0,04716 Euodia lepta Merr 72 0,05 -3,0706 -0,14245 Eurya japonica Thunb 0,01 -5,2679 -0,02715 Eurya muricata var huiana (Kobuski) L K Ling 0,01 -5,2679 -0,02715 Glochidion hirsutum (Roxb.) Voigt 20 0,03 -3,6584 -0,09429 Illicium cambodianum Hance Lithocarpus echinophorus (Hickel & A Camus) A Camus Lithocarpus gigantophyllus (Hickel & A Camus) A Camus Lithocarpus silvicolarum (Hance) Chun 72 0,05 -3,0706 -0,14245 72 0,05 -3,0706 -0,14245 0,01 -5,2679 -0,02715 0,01 -5,2679 -0,02715 Machilus odoratissimus Nees 12 0,02 -3,8816 -0,08003 Ardisia sp Elaeocarpus petiolatus (Jack) Wall Engelhardia spicata var aceriflora (Reinw.) Koord & Valeton Eriobotrya angustissima Hook f Mastixia arborea(Wight) C.B.Q 30 0,03 -3,4761 -0,10751 Neolitsea poilanei Liou 12 0,02 -3,8816 -0,08003 Nyssa javanica (Blume) Wangerin 12 0,02 -3,8816 -0,08003 Photinia prunifolia (Hook & Arn.) Lindl 20 0,03 -3,6584 -0,09429 Pinus krempfii Lecomte 0,01 -5,2679 -0,02715 Pyrenaria jonquieriana Pierre 42 0,04 -3,3219 -0,11986 Quercus acutissima Carruth 12 0,02 -3,8816 -0,08003 Quercus langbianensis Hickel & A Camus 0,01 -5,2679 -0,02715 Rhodoleia championii Hook f 30 0,03 -3,4761 -0,10751 Schefflera dongnaiensis Bui 0,01 -5,2679 -0,02715 Schefflera dongnaiensis var langbianensis Bui 12 0,02 -3,8816 -0,08003 Schima superba Gard & Champ in Hook 0,01 -5,2679 -0,02715 Symplocos adenophylla Wall ex G Don 12 0,02 -3,8816 -0,08003 Symplocos annamensis Noot 12 0,02 -3,8816 -0,08003 Symplocos cambodiana (Pierre) Hall f 0,02 -4,1692 -0,06447 Symplocos poilanei Guillaum 0,02 -4,1692 -0,06447 Syzygium zeylanicum (L.) DC 2 0,01 -4,5747 -0,04716 Toona sinensis (A Juss.) M Roem 0,01 -5,2679 -0,02715 Uvaria pachychila Merr ex Ast 0,01 -5,2679 -0,02715 194 1408 37442 0,037605 D 0,037605 -3,50454 H' J' 3,50454 0,89132746 Appendix 10 Regenerated tree species in the forest at altitude of 14001600m No Family Scientific name Acer cambelii Hook f & Thoms ex Hiern N Acer erythranthum Gagnep 1 Aceraceae Apocynaceae Tabernaemontana pauciflora Blume Aquifoliaceae Ilex rotunda Thunb Betulaceae Carpinus poilaneri A Camus Burseraceae Canarium subulatum Guillaum Celastraceae Euonymus laxiflorus Champ in Benth & Hook f Clusiaceae Calophyllum rugosum P F Stevens Garcinia poilanei Gagnep Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus harmandii Pierre Ericaceae Craibiodendron vietnamense Judd 10 Escalloniaceae Polyosma dolichocarpa Merr Polyosma nhatrangensis Gagnep 11 Euphorbiaceae Aporosa serrata Gagnep Glochidion hirsutum (Roxb.) Voigt Castanopsis echinocarpa A DC 12 Castanopsis pyriformis (Seem.) Hickel &A Camus) Lithocarpus echinophorus (Hickel & A Camus) A Camus Lithocarpus gigantophyllus (Hickel & A Camus) A Camus Lithocarpus silvicolarum (Hance) Chun Quercus langbianensis Hickel & A Camus Engelhardia spicata var aceriflora (Reinw.) Koord & Valeton Cinnamomum cassia Presl Cinnamomum mairei Vevl Litsea viridis var clemensii Machilus odoratissimus Nees Neolitsea poilanei Liou Magnolia yunnanensis (Hu) Noot Manglietia fordiana Oliv 12 13 14 Fagaceae Juglandaceae Lauraceae 15 Magnoliaceae 16 Myrsinaceae Ardisia sp 17 Myrtaceae Syzygium zeylanicum (L.) DC 18 Pentaphylacaceae Adinandra integerrima T Anders ex Dyer in Hook f 19 Pinaceae Pinus krempfii Lecomte 20 Pittosporaceae Pittosporum pauciflorum Hook et Arn No Family 21 Rosaceae 22 Rubiaceae 23 Rutaceae 24 Sabiaceae 25 26 Symplocaceae Theaceae Scientific name Eriobotrya poilanei J E Vidal N Sorbus corymbifera Hiep & Yakovl Urophyllum streptopodium Wall Atalantia monophylla (DC.) Correa Euodia lepta Merr Meliosma ochracea J E Vidal Symplocos annamensis Noot Symplocos cambodiana (Pierre) Hall f Symplocos cochinchinensis (Lour.) S Moore Pyrenaria jonquieriana Pierre Total 109 Appendix 11 Regenerated tree species in the forest at altitude of 16001800m No Family Aceraceae Scientific name N Acer erythranthum Gagnep Apocynaceae Tabernaemontana pauciflora Blume 3 Aquifoliaceae Ilex rotunda Thunb Araliaceae Aralia thomsonii Seem ex C B Clarke Schefflera dongnaiensis Bui Burseraceae Canarium subulatum Guillaum Celastraceae Euonymus laxiflorus Champ in Benth & Hook f Clusiaceae Calophyllum calaba L var bracteatum Garcinia poilanei Gagnep Diospyros sylvatica Roxb Elaeocarpus griffithii (Wight) A.Gray Elaeocarpus harmandii Pierre Elaeocarpus petiolatus (Jack) Wall Ebenaceae Elaeocarpaceae 10 Ericaceae Craibiodendron vietnamense Judd 11 Escalloniaceae Polyosma dolichocarpa Merr 12 Euphorbiaceae Aporosa serrata Gagnep Glochidion hirsutum (Roxb.) Voigt Castanopsis echinocarpa A DC Castanopsis pyriformis (Seem.) Hickel &A Camus) Lithocarpus gigantophyllus (Hickel & A Camus) A Camus Lithocarpus silvicolarum (Hance) Chun Quercus kerrii Craib 13 Fagaceae 14 Hamamelidaceae Rhodoleia championii Hook f 15 Illiciaceae Illicium cambodianum Hance 16 Juglandaceae Engelhardia spicata var aceriflora (Reinw.) Koord & Valeton Cinnamomum cassia Presl Litsea viridis var clemensii Machilus odoratissimus Nees Neolitsea poilanei Liou 16 Lauraceae 17 Meliaceae Aglaia edulis (Roxb.) Wall 18 Myrsinaceae Ardisia sp 12 19 Myrtaceae Syzygium zeylanicum (L.) DC 20 Pentaphylacaceae Adinandra integerrima T Anders ex Dyer in Hook f Adinandra milletii var dalatensis Hien & Yakov No 21 Family Rosaceae Eriobotrya poilanei J E Vidal 22 Rubiaceae Urophyllum streptopodium Wall 23 Rutaceae Atalantia monophylla (DC.) Correa 24 Sabiaceae Meliosma ochracea J E Vidal 25 Symplocaceae Symplocos annamensis Noot Symplocos cochinchinensis (Lour.) S Moore Schima wallichii (DC.) Korth var nornhae (Blume) Bloemb Total 26 Theaceae Scientific name N 111 Appendix 12 Regenerated tree species in the forest at altitude 1800m and above No Family Aceraceae Apocynaceae Araliaceae Scientific name N Acer cambelii Hook f & Thoms ex Hiern Acer erythranthum Gagnep Tabernaemontana pauciflora Blume Aralia thomsonii Seem ex C B Clarke Schefflera dongnaiensis Bui Burseraceae Canarium subulatum Guillaum Cornaceae Mastixia arborea(Wight) C.B.Q Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus harmandii Pierre Elaeocarpus petiolatus (Jack) Wall Euphorbiaceae Glochidion hirsutum (Roxb.) Voigt Fagaceae Lithocarpus echinophorus (Hickel & A Camus) A Camus Juglandaceae Engelhardia spicata var aceriflora (Reinw.) Koord & Valeton 10 Lauraceae Alseodaphne suboppositifolia Kosterm Neolitsea poilanei Liou 11 Myrsinaceae Ardisia sp 18 12 Pittosporaceae Pittosporum pauciflorum Hook et Arn 13 Rosaceae Photinia prunifolia (Hook & Arn.) Lindl 14 Rubiaceae Urophyllum streptopodium Wall 15 Rutaceae Atalantia monophylla (DC.) Correa Euodia lepta Merr Symplocos cochinchinensis (Lour.) S Moore Symplocos poilanei Guillaum Camellia ligustrina Orel, Curry & Luu Eurya japonica Thunb Schima superba Gard & Champ in Hook Total 16 17 Symplocaceae Theaceae 75 Appendix 13 Tree data collection Standard plot # Date Altitude Slope No Species X(standar plot) Y(standar plot) Location X Y DBH H Hunder Crown Width Quality Appendix 14 Regenerated trees data collection No Standard plot # Date X(standar plot) Y(standar plot) Location Species Hvn Quality Appendix 15 Some images of field survey ... diversity in relation to altitude of closed- canopy subtropical evergreen moist forest in Bidoup - Nui Ba National Park, Viet Nam? ?? It will be a document for the further study of the natural forest. .. DIVERSITY IN RELATION TO ALTITUDE OF CLOSED- CANOPY SUBTROPICAL EVERGREEN MOIST FOREST IN BIDOUP NUI BA NATIONAL PARK, VIET NAM Major: Forest Science Code: 8620201 MASTER THESIS IN FOREST SCIENCE ACADEMIC...MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF FORESTRY  DUONG VAN HUY TREE SPECIES COMPOSITION AND DIVERSITY IN RELATION