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• How should we preserve?.. • Arguments not supportive of maintaining biodiversity?.. and precip.) – secure water source quality... Natural vs unnatural extinction.[r]
(1)Biological diversity – why, what and how?
Anna Bratt
(2)Lecture disposition
• Why should we preserve species?
• What species should we preserve?
(3)Why?
• Arguments
supportive of maintaining biodiversity?
– Ethical
(4)(5)Ecosystemservices
• May have higher value than timber
– erosion control – air purifier
– water purifier
(6)Natural vs unnatural extinction
• Human impact
increase extinction of species 100-1000
(7)Education and research
(8)Red lists – endangered species
• Global and national lists
• Extinction < 50 genetic individuals
(9)What?
Concept of biological diversity: • Variety of nature types
• Richness in species of animals, fungi and plants
(10)Classification
• Indicator species • Signal species
(11)Threatened species in Sweden
• Predators
• Species dependent on certain land-use or management
(12)How is biodiversity influenced?
• Positively? • Negatively? • Distance
• Size
(13)How?
• What has happended?
• Which species are worth protection? • What these
(14)Inventories
• Keystone biotope • Value points
(15)• Fragmentation • Treshold values
(16)Landscape types that promote diversity
• Varied types, as mosaic
• Flexible land-use over time
• More diversity in unproductive areas • Missing structures
(17)Localities that promote diversity
• Warmer temperatures • More energy
• Great surface area • Disturbances
(18)Preserve
• When worth it – exists in other area? • When habitat can be recreated
(19)• National parks • Nature reserves • Natura 2000
(20)Regulations
• 1992 UN conference in Rio
– Convention on Bio-diversity 190 countries • Wetlands
• Migratory animals and birds • Trade with threatened species
(21)The 16 environmental quality objectives
1 Reduced Climate Impact Clean Air
3 Natural Acidification Only A Non-Toxic Environment A Protective Ozone Layer A Safe Radiation
Environment
7 Zero Eutrophication Flourishing Lakes and
Streams
10.A Balanced Marine Environment
11.Thriving Wetlands 12 Sustainable Forests 13 A Varied Agricultural
Landscape
14 A Magnificent Mountain Landscape
(22)Ecological
sustainability must function in
connection with economical and
social sustainability
(23)What is meant by ecological sustainability?
• Promote human health
• Protect biodiversity and nature values
• Protect cultural historical values • Monitor long term production of
ecosystems