NỘI DUNG HƯỚNG DẪN ÔN THI TUYỂN CÔNG CHỨC VIÊN CHỨC MÔN TIẾNG ANH CÁC ĐẠI TỪ ĐTNX I You He She It We They - đầu câu làm S TTSH my your his her its our their -trước N TN me you him her it us them - sau V ĐTSH mine yours his hers its ours theirs Thay TTSH+ N ĐTPT myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves themselves John loves to look at himself in the mirror DANH TỪ Danh từ đếm Danh từ không đếm - Có thể dạng số nhiều, chẳng hạn như: a day, many days - Có thể theo sau số đếm, a/an some (một vài) hay any -Chỉ khơng đếm có tính trừu tượng: Money, water, coffee, work, weather, nature, furniture … - Khơng thể số nhiều - Có thể theo sau some/ any Vd She has some money She hasn’t got any money left now TRỢ ĐỘNG TỪ HÌNH THÁI could, may, might, should, have to, will, can, shall, would, ought to, had better must Must + V Must + be + PII Must + have + PII + V Traffic rules must be observed at all times LIÊN TỪ ĐẲNG LẬP (SONG SONG) AND BOTH AND AS WELL AS NO LESS THAN NOT ONLY BUT (ALSO) OR EITHER … OR NEITHER NOR BUT THEN CONSEQUENTLY HOWEVER NEVERTHELESS STILL, YET OR, ELSE, OTHERWISE THEREFORE She is a good and loyal wife They learn both English and French He has experience as well as knownledge You no less than he are very rich He learns not only English but (also) Chinese Hurry up, or you will be late He isn't either good or kind She has neither husband nor children He is intelligent but very lazy The plant looks very faded; then it hasn't been watered for long You didn't work hard for this term; consequently, he failed the exam The discussion was short, However, we gained some new  knowledge from it She studies very hard; nevertheless, she always gets bad marks She says she does not love me, yet, I still love her Take the chance, otherwise you will regret it He violated the traffic signs, therefore he was punished LIÊN TỪ PHỤ THUỘC (CHÍNH PHỤ) • FOR He will surely succeed, for (because) he works hard • WHEREAS He learns hard whereas his friends don't • WHILE Don't sing while you work • BESIDES, MOREOVER We have to study hard at school; besides, we must pay attention to physical exercise • SO It rained very hard; so, we didn't go out that night • HENCE He came late; hence, he missed the first part of the lesson Mệnh đề trạng ngữ thời gian • AFTER The ship was checked carefully after she had been built • AS They left as the bell rang • AS SOON AS They will get married as soon as they finish university • BEFORE Don't count your chickens before they are hatchd • AS LONG AS I will lend you some money as long as you promise to pay me back • UNTIL People not know the value of health until they lose it • WHEN When you visit this country, you should bring thick winter clothes • WHILE When you rang, I was cleaning my bike Mệnh đề nơi chốn (Clause of place): • WHERE The bed room is the best place where I my homework • WHEREVER His mother follows him wherever he goes Mệnh đề thể cách (Clause of manner): • AS Do as I told you to • AS IF He talks as if he knew everything about her Mệnh đề so sánh (Clause of comparison • AS He is as tall as his brother This bag is as expensive as that one Một số cấu trúc USED TO + Infinitive  (đã từng…) thói quen mà khơng - My father used to smoke a lot; but now he doesn’t any more •BE USED TO + V-ing / Noun  (quen với…) = Be accustomed to - My mother is used togetting up early - I have been used tothe hot weather here •BECAUSE + Clause (bởi vì…) giới thiệu mệnh đề trạng từ nguyên - Because the weather was bad, the flight was put off •BECAUSE OF + N Phrase/ N  (bởi vì…) -Because of the bad weather, the flight was put off -IN SPITE OF / DESPITE +N Phrase/ N  (mặc dù…) - In spite of a hot day, I shall go for a walk •SO/ THEREFORE + Clause (vì thế, cho nên, lẽ đó) - The food was cold so he was angry - The food was cold Therefore, he was angry •BUT / HOWEVER / YET + Clause (tuy nhiên) - It’s a bit late but I’d like to go out Một số cấu trúc • SO + Adj / Adv + THAT + Clause  (quá…nên…):mệnh đề kết - He is so famous that everyone knows his name • SUCH + (A / An + Adj + Noun) + THAT + Clause  (quá… đến nỗi…) - He is such a famous man that everyone knows his name • TOO + Adj / Adv + (For someone) + TO + Infinitive  (quá…đến nỗi ) - The lecture was too boring for us to listen to SO THAT + Clause  (để…) giới thiệu mệnh để trạng từ mục đích - I’m studying hard so that I can keep pace with my classmates • IN ORDER TO + V  (để…): cụm động từ nguyên mẫu mục đích - I’m studying hard in order to keep pace with my classmates • PREFER st/ Ving TO st/Ving • ‘D RATHER ST/DOING THAN ST/DOING • SO FAR FROM The seats we booked were so far from the screen • LATE FOR - So as not to be late for class, John must get up early • Một số cấu trúc Adj / Adv + ENOUGH + (for someone) + TO + Inf  (đủ… để…) - The questions were easy enough for her to answer - The teacher spoke clearly enough for us to understand him TOO + adj + (for someone) + TO + Inf (quá để ) IT + Takes / Took + SOMEONE + TIME + TO + Inf  (ai để làm việc gì…) - It took me five minutes to walk to the post office - It takes us two hours to fly from Hanoi to Ho Chi Minh City HAVE + sb +  (nhờ làm …) hình thức sai khiến (causative form) - Helen will have her brother the washing up HAVE SOMETHING + PII - Hellen has a car repared - IT + BE + Adj + (for someone) + TO + Inf - It is difficult for us to master a foreign language - It is dangerous to drive too fast Conditional Sentence (Câu điều kiện) Loại câu điều kiện Mệnh đề IF Mệnh đề Loại 1: Hành động có thể xảy ở tương lai Loại 2: Simple present will / can + V - Simple past - be  were (cho tất các ngôi) would / could + V Hành động không có thực ở hiện Loại 3:Hành động không Had +PII would + have +PII có thực ở qk Lưu ý: Nếu câu đề có “OR” & “WILL”  viết điều kiện loại Nếu câu đề hịên tại:  viết điều kiện loại Wish Hiện tại: S + wish + khứ I wish I were the President Quá khứ: S + wish + Thì HTHT He didn’t meet me yesterday I wish he had met me Tương lai: S + wish + S could +V I wish I could it Relative clauses (Mệnh đề quan hệ) WHO WHOM thay cho người WHO đóng chức chủ ngữ, WHOM đóng chức tân ngữ WHICH thay cho vât, đóng chức chủ ngữ tân ngữ THAT thay cho WHO, WHOM, WHICH mênh đề quan hạn định (trong câu khơng có dấu phây) WHOSE dùng thay cho tính từ sở hữu như: its (của nó), his, her, their WHERE: thay cho nơi chốn, địa điểm I met him in the restaurant where we were in last week The pasive voice (câu bị động) BE + PII - Động từ BE ln có với câu chủ động hoa hợp với chủ ngữ - Nếu chủ ngữ là: someone, somebody, people, they khơng cần có BY + OBJECT - Nếu chủ ngữ : No one, Nobody bỏ BY NO ONE, BY NOBODY thêm NOT vào câu bị động PRACTICE Put WHERE/ WHICH/ WHO/ WHOSE/ THAT in the gap There’s a film on tonight I really want to see Carla, parents are from Mexico, was born in the UK Lorenzo, is from Spain originally, has lived here for about 10 years Here’s a photo of the hotel we stayed Do you know any restaurants they serve vegetarian dishes Thi Simple present Present continuous Present perfect Present perfect continuous Simple past Past continuous Past perfect Past perfect continuous Simple future Future continuous Future perfect Future perfect continuous Câu có MODAL VERB Chủ động S + V1(-s/-es) S + am / is / are + Verbing Bị động S + am / is / are + V3 S + am / is / are + being + V3 S + have / has + been + S + have / has + V3 V3 S + have / has + been + S + have / has + been + Verb-ing being + V3 S + V2/-ed S + was / were + V3 S + was / were + VerbS + was / were + being + ing V3 S + had + V3 S + had + been + V3 S + had + been + VerbS + had + been + being + ing V3 S + will + V1 S + will + be + V3 S + will + be + being + S + will + be + Verb-ing V3 S + will + have + been + S + will + have + V3 V3 S + will + have + been + S + will + have + been + Verb-ing being + V3 S + modal verb + V1 S + modal verb + V3 Example: - 100 bottles of Coca-Cola are sold by John everyday - My house was built in 2000 by a famous constructor Adj- ing Adj-ed boring Bored Exciting excited Worrying Worried Interesting Interested Frightening Frightened tiring Tired surprising surprised Nature of st/sb Someone’s Feeling Directed Yes – No question ‘Are you making a skirt?’ I asked Anne ‘Have you been to the gallery?’ he asked her ‘Can you paint?’ Mary asked her friend ‘ Will you make me one?’ I asked Terry Orders ‘Put the clothes in the drawer’ Mum said Requests ‘Will you make me one?’ I asked John VD They don’t know What happened to them Reported I asked Anne if she was making a skirt He asked her if she had been to the Mary asked her friend if Mum told me to put my clothes in I asked John to make me one ... danh từ số ít, danh từ lần đề cập đến (Lưu ý: mạo từ an đứng trước danh từ bắt đầu nguyên âm) - We have a cat and a dog Mạo từ the đứng trước danh từ số ít, số nhiều, danh từ đếm danh từ không... himself herself itself ourselves themselves John loves to look at himself in the mirror DANH TỪ Danh từ đếm Danh từ khơng đếm - Có thể dạng số nhiều, chẳng hạn như: a day, many days - Có thể theo... nhiễm phải (thói xấu) quen với khơng chịu đựng trở nên quen với không nhịn chẳng lợi gì, chả tốt (khi …) khơng nhịn bân rôn trông mong  xứng đáng bực tức, chán GERUND (Verb-ing) Sau động từ sau