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column records the objective situation, that is, an event that ultimately leads to some type of high emotional response or negative dysfunctional thinking. B - Beliefs[r]
(1)Cognitive
(2)Keywords
Cognitive formulation – the beliefs and behavioral
strategies that characterize a specific disorder
Conceptualization – understanding of individual
clients and their specific beliefs or patterns of behavior
Cognitive model –the way that individuals perceive
a situation is more closely connected to their reaction than the situation itself
Automatic thoughts – an idea that seems to pop
(3)Introduction
CBT is based on the idea that how we think (cognition),
how we feel (emotion) and how we act (behavior) all interact together. Specifically, our thoughts determine our feelings and our behavior.
Therefore, negative and unrealistic thoughts can cause
us distress and result in problems When a person suffers with psychological distress, the way in which they interpret situations becomes skewed, which in turn has a negative impact on the actions they take.
CBT aims to help people become aware of when they
make negative interpretations, and of behavioral patterns which reinforce the distorted thinking.
(4)Roles of CBT
The cognitive therapist teaches clients how to identify
distorted cognitions through a process of evaluation The clients learn to discriminate between their own thoughts and reality They learn the influence that
cognition has on their feelings, and they are taught to recognize observe and monitor their own thoughts
The behavior part of the therapy involves
setting homework for the client to (e.g keeping a diary of thoughts) The therapist gives the client tasks that will help them challenge their own irrational beliefs
The idea is that the client identifies their own unhelpful
(5)ABC Model
A -Activating Event or objective situation. The first
column records the objective situation, that is, an event that ultimately leads to some type of high emotional response or negative dysfunctional thinking
B - Beliefs. In the second column, the client writes down
the negative thoughts that occurred to them
C - Consequence. The third column is for the negative
feelings and dysfunctional behaviors that ensued The negative thoughts of the second column are seen as a connecting bridge between the situation and the
distressing feelings The third column C is next explained by describing emotions or negative thoughts that the
(6)(7)Cognitive Distortions
Arbitrary interference: Drawing conclusions
on the basis of sufficient or irrelevant evidence: for example, thinking you are worthless because an open air concert you were going to see has been rained off.
Selective abstraction: Focusing on a single
aspect of a situation and ignoring others: E.g., you feel responsible for your team losing a
football match even though you are just one of the players on the field.
Magnification: exaggerating the importance of
undesirable events E.g., if you scrape a bit of paint work on your car and, therefore, see
(8)Cognitive Distortion
Minimisation: underplaying the
significance of an event E.g., you get praised by your teachers for an
excellent term’s work, but you see this as trivial.
Overgeneralization: drawing broad
negative conclusions on the basis of a single insignificant event E.g., you get a D for an exam when you normally get straight As and you, therefore, think
you are stupid.
Personalisation: Attributing the negative
feelings of others to yourself E.g., your teacher looks really cross when he