tài liệu – page 2 – tâm lý học vb2k04

 loss of interest in pleasurable or usual activities  difficulty sleeping; early-morning awakening  loss of energy and constant lethargy.  sense of guilt or low self-esteem  difficu[r]

Symptoms of

 Muscle tension

 Physical weakness

 Poor memory

 Sweaty hands

 Fear or confusion

 Inability to relax

 Constant worry

 Shortness of breath

 Palpitations

 Upset stomach

 Poor concentration

 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is

characterized by symptoms:

 The inability to keep one’s attention focused

on a task, trouble organizing tasks, avoiding things that take effort, and follow-through

 hyperactivity (fidgeting, excessive talking,

restlessness)

 impulsivity (difficulty waiting one’s turn or with

patience, interrupting others)

 It is typically treated with stimulant medications,

such as Ritalin, and psychotherapy

 Restlessness or feeling keyed up or on edge

 Being easily fatigued

 Difficulty concentrating or mind going blank

 Irritability

 Muscle tension

 Sleep disturbance (difficulty falling or staying

asleep, or restless unsatisfying sleep)

 Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day

 Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities

every day

 Significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain or/and decrease or

increase in appetite nearly every day

 Insomnia (inability to get to sleep or difficulty staying asleep) or

hypersomnia (sleeping too much) nearly every day

 Psychomotor agitation (e.g., restlessness, inability to sit still, pacing,

pulling at clothes or clothes) or retardation (e.g., slowed speech, movements, quiet talking) nearly every day

 Fatigue, tiredness, or loss of energy nearly every day

 Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt nearly every

day

 Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every

day

 Recurrent thoughts of death (not just fear of dying), recurrent suicidal

ideas without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt or a specific plan for committing suicide

 Panic disorder symptoms are primarily centered

around panic attacks Panic attacks often consist of a pounding heart, sweatiness, a feeling of

weakness, faintness or dizziness The hands may tingle or feel numb, the person may feel flushed or chilled There can be chest pain or smothering

sensations, a sense of unreality, a fear of

impending doom or loss of control The person may genuinely believe they are having a heart attack or stroke, losing their mind, or on the verge of death

 Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a

debilitating mental disorder that sometimes follows when a person has directly

experienced or witnessed an extremely

traumatic, tragic, or terrifying event People with PTSD usually have persistent

frightening thoughts and memories of their ordeal and feel emotionally numb, especially with people they were once close to

 Delusions

 Hallucinations

 Disorganized thinking  Agitation

 Affective flattening – The person’s range of emotional expression is clearly diminished; poor eye contract; reduced body language

 Alogia – A poverty of speech, such as brief, empty replies  Avolition – Inability to initiate and persist in goal-directed

activities (such as school or work)

 Intellectual Disability, formerly known as

“Mental Retardation,” is a disorder with onset during the developmental period It includes intellectual deficits and difficulty functioning in daily life in areas such as communication, self-care, home living, social/interpersonal skills, self-direction,

academics, work, leisure, health, and safety

During a manic phase:

heightened sense of self-importance exaggerated positive outlook

significantly decreased need for sleep poor appetite and weight loss

racing speech, flight of ideas, impulsiveness

ideas that move quickly from one subject to the next poor concentration, easily distracted

increased activity level

excessive involvement in pleasurable activities poor financial choices, rash spending sprees excessive irritability, aggressive behavior

During a depressed phase:

feelings of sadness or hopelessness

loss of interest in pleasurable or usual activities difficulty sleeping; early-morning awakening loss of energy and constant lethargy

sense of guilt or low self-esteem difficulty concentrating

negative thoughts about the future weight gain or weight loss

talk of suicide or death