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Because there are two parts to the sentence it is called cleft from the verb cleave which means divided into two Câu nhấn mạnh được sử dụng để giúp chúng ta làm nổi bật một phần nhất địn[r]
(1)Tµi liÖu «n tËp häc sinh khèi 11 - häc kú II N¨m häc 2008-2009 I Mục đích : Tài liệu biờn soạn dạng cỏc chuyờn đề Những nội dung kiến thức trình bày tài liệu là nội dung bản, ngắn gọn, giúp học sinh nắm kiến thức träng t©m s¸ch gi¸o khoa líp 11 để làm bài thi vµ n©ng cao kiÕn thøc cña m×nh II Về cách thức dạy học: Căn vào trình độ học sinh, giáo viên có thể vận dụng các phương pháp dạy học cho phù hợp nhằm làm cho học sinh nắm kiến thức bản; tăng cường thực hành, luyện tập Cần cho học sinh luyện tập nhiều lần theo cách từ đơn giản, sơ lược đến đầy đủ với nhiều dạng câu hỏi khác để rèn luyện kỹ làm bài CHUYÊN ĐỀ I: PRONUNCIATION 1/ Pronunciation of -ed * / id/: after / t/ /d/: eg wanted, needed * / t/ : after / θ/ /k/ p/ /f/ / s/ / ∫ / /t∫ / /h/ * / d/: sau các phụ âm còn lại và các nguyên âm Note: some special adjectives ending in ed, and some adverbs pronounced / id / Adj : naked,crooked, ragged, wretched, rugged, learned,beloved, wicked sacred Adv: deservedly, supposedly, markedly, allegedly Eg A talked B passed C washed D lived A worked B stopped C booked D wanted A cooked B beloved C helped D wicked A regarded B punched C pleased D pushed A decided B released C rained D followed A talked B called C robbed D enjoyed A jumped B picked C relaxed D suited A repaired B wished C touched D wicked A.learned B sacred C.believed D needed 10 A blessed B Wretched C played D demolished 2/ Pronunciation of -s or -es ( present simple/ plural nouns/possessive) * /S/ : after / θ/ /k/ p/ /f/ /h/ * /iz/: after /t∫ /, / ∫ / , / ƺ/, / dƺ/, / z/, /s/ * / z/ : Eg : sau các phụ âm còn lại và các nguyên âm A cats B tapes C lives D cooks A walks B begins C helps D cuts A biscuits B magazines C newspapers D vegetables A tells B talks C stays D steals A chemists B laughs C days D books T Lop11.com (2) /t/ : ( usually) Teacher /t∫ /( T before U) /∫/: Ten Take Computer, … picture actual statue Suggestion natural and Question Amateur notion information calculation B situation C mixture Christian potential essential / ƺ/ : equation A question A informationB combination D picture C description D nature CH / t∫ /: watch, catch, teach, chat…………… / K/ : Christmas, school, chemistry, chorus, monarch, echo, mechanic, chaos orchestra, toothache, backache, scheme /∫/: machine, chef, chute, Chicago, mustache ( moustache) ******************************* CHUYÊN ĐỀ II: RELATIVE CLAUSES Đại từ quan hệ : Who(m), which, whose, that dùng để thay cho danh từ đứng trước nó và nối kết hai mệnh đề với Đại từ QH Chức Chỉ người Chỉ vật Chủ ngữ who, that Which, that Tân ngữ Who, whom, ttat Which, that Whose Of which/ whose Sở hữu Ví dụ I thanked the man who/that showed me the way The pen which/that is in the box is mine The girl who(m)/that you saw yesterday is my sister The story which/that I read yesterday is interesting The boy whose toy is broken is crying You gave me a book the cover of which /whose cover is very beautiful RELATIVE ADVERBS: * Trạng từ quan hệ when, where, why dùng để mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ , thay cho danh từ thời gian, nơi chốn lý trước nó Eg: I’ll never forget the day when / on which I met you The town where/in which Tom grew up is small I didn’t know the reason why you left me MỆNH ĐỀ XÁC ĐỊNH VÀ KHÔNG XÁC ĐỊNH Ex: The man whom (that) I met yesterday teaches chemistry (MĐXĐ) Mr Lee, whom I met yesterday, teaches chemistry (MĐKXĐ) + Phân biệt câu sau: - My brother who studies in America married last week - My brother, who studies in America, married last week Lop11.com (3) Không dùng THAT mệnh đề không xác định 4.MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ RÚT GỌN: Relative clauses thay present participle phrase Eg:1 Those people who are taking photos over there come from Sweden Those people taking photos over there come from Sweden - Mệnh đề này thường mang nghĩa chủ động Relative clauses thay past participle phrase Eg:1 The boy who was given a present is my son The boy given a present is my son - Mệnh đề này thường mang nghĩa bị động ( Chú ý: Có thể bỏ đại từ quan hệ nó làm tân ngữ câu ) Eg: I enjoy the book which / that you lent me yesterday I enjoy the book you lent me yesterday Relative clauses thay to- infinitve: các câu có sử dụng: the first, the second, the last, Eg: Neil Amstrong was the first person who landed on the moon -> Neil Amstrong was the first person to land on the moon TESTS Exercise Circle the best answer (A, B, C, or D) to fill in the gaps Do you know the hotel ? A at which she is staying B where she is staying C she is staying at D all are correct This subject going to discuss, is very important A which we are B which are we C that we are D A and C are correct Lewis, the man Jonhson beat in the last world championships , has broken the world record A who B whom C which D whose Lighting bonfires at this time of the year traditional goes back to the 17th century A who B when C, where D which The bike is very modern A I told you about which B about I told you which C which about I told you D about which I told you Exercise Choose one underlined word or phrase that needs correcting Hai phong is the place which I grew up between the age of two and ten A B C D My father, that has a special craze for cars, has just bought another sport car A B C D Earnes Hamwi, who invention of the ice-cream cone brought him a lot of money, was a pastry vendor A B C D Marilyn Monroe, who a famous actress, died of drug overdose A B C Lop11.com D (4) 10 Hawaii, which is part of a group of islands, that has active volcanoes A B C D Exercise Choose one sentence that is most similar in meaning to the original one 11 The table should be repaired It’s legs were broken yesterday A The table which legs were broken yesterday should be repaired C The table of which legs were broken yesterday should be repaired D The table legs of whose were broken yesterday should be repaired 12 Do you remember the girl? We talked to her last night A Do you remember the girl to whom we talked last night ? B Do you remember the girl whom we talked to her last night ? C Do you remember the girl whom we talked to last night ? D Do you remember the girl whose we talked to last night? 13 The student is very high His father is an athlete A The student whose father is an athlete is very high B The student his father is an athlete is very high C The student who father is an athlete is very high D The student of whom father is an athlete is very high 14 We stayed at the hotel He recommended it A We stayed at the hotel which recommended it C We stayed at the hotel he recommended B We stayed at the hotel which recommended D He recommended the hotel which we stayed at 15 The restaurant was very modern We had lunch at the restaurant A The restaurant where we had lunch was very modern B The restaurant which we had lunch was very modern C The restaurant that we had lunch was very modern D The restaurant where we had lunch at was very modern Exercise Complete the sentenses using given words 16 He / which / taking / at / train / am / early/ runs / is / that A He is taking which train that runs early at am B He is taking that early train which runs at a C He is taking at that early am train which runs D He runs that early train which is taking at a.m 17 I/ on / the/ was/ both/ and/ long/ which /boring/ couldn’t / lecture/ biology/understand A I couldn’t understand on the biology lecture which was both long and boring B I couldn’t understand which was both the long and boring lecture on the biology C I couldn’t understand which lecture on the biology was both the long and boring D I couldn’t understand the lecture on the biology which was both long and boring 18 Marie Curie / discovered / who / French / was / radium / a famous physicist A Marie Curie, who discovered radium, was a famous French physicist B Marie Curie was a famous French physicist, who discovered radium Lop11.com (5) C Marie Curie, who was radium , discovered a famous French physicist D Marie Curie, who discovered radium, was a famous physicist French 19 A / where / a/ laboratory/ carried / experiments / are / is / place / out A A place where are carried out experiments is a laboratory B A place where is a laboratory experiments are carried out C A place carried out is where experiments are a laboratory D A place where experiments are carried out is a laboratory 20 Person / a / a / is / studies / geology / geologist / who / called A A person who is studies geology called a geologist B A person who studies geology is called a geologist C A person who geology studies is called a geologist D A person is called a geologist who studies geology ********************************* CHUYÊN ĐỀ III Paired conjunctions Both and E.g She is both intelligent and beautiful (adj) Both his brother and he are students ( nouns) *Note: Trong câu sử dụng “Both ….and…” thì động từ phải chia dạng số nhiều Not only but (also) e.g Not only workers but (also) farmers take part in the strike He studies not only Japanese but (also) Chinese *Note: Trong câu sử dụng “Not only ….but also…” thì động từ phải chia phù hợp với chủ ngữ đứng trước nó E.g Not only does he speak English but also speaks German E.g Not only his friend but also his brother gives him presents Either or E.g Either you or your friend is responsible for the damage You either must work hard or will fail Neither nor E.g She likes neither tea nor coffee Neither Tom nor his friends want to go camping Neither Tom nor Tim wants to go camping Practice I Combine the sentence with not only but also… or both …and… The city suffers from air pollution The city suffers from water pollution (both and) ……………………………………………………………………………… He is interested in gardening He is interested in collecting stamps (not only but also) ……………………………………………………………………………… Lop11.com (6) Solar energy is free Solar is inexhaustible (both and) ……………………………………………………………………………… In the summer school he studied writing He studied how to increase his vocabulary (not only but also) ……………………………………………………………………………… I was usually tired when I arrived home from school I was usually hungry too (both and) ……………………………………………………………………………… My sister can sing beautiful She can play the guitar very well (not only but also) ……………………………………………………………………………… On the trip you can enjoy spectacular scenery You can have a lot of outdoor activities (both and) ……………………………………………………………………………… He is good at math He is good at English (not only but also) ……………………………………………………………………………… Joanna enjoys listening to rock music, so does her brother (both and) ……………………………………………………………………………… 10 She cleaned the house and she cooked the dinner (not only but also) ……………………………………………………………………………… II Write the sentences with either or… or neither nor… The library doesn't have the book I need The bookstore doesn't have the book I need ……………………………………………………………………………… We can fix dinner for them here or we can take them to a restaurant ……………………………………………………………………………… I'll never speak to you again if you don't apologise ……………………………………………………………………………… Brian doesn’t play sports and he doesn't watch them on TV ……………………………………………………………………………… Did Mrs Michael feed Lulu? Did Mrs Michael feed Archie? ……………………………………………………………………………… We didn't hear the window break We didn't hear the thief come in ……………………………………………………………………………… You may begin working tomorrow or you may begin next week ……………………………………………………………………………… I suppose we could watch TV this evening or we could go out for a snack ……………………………………………………………………………… My cousin can't draw well He can't paint well, either ……………………………………………………………………………… 10 I haven't seen him I haven't heard him speak ……………………………………………………………………………… CHUYÊN ĐỀ IV Lop11.com (7) CLEFT SENTENCES What is a cleft sentence and how we use it? Cleft sentences are used to help us focus on a particular part of the sentence and to emphasise what we want to say by introducing it or building up to it with a kind of relative clause Because there are two parts to the sentence it is called cleft (from the verb cleave) which means divided into two( Câu nhấn mạnh sử dụng để giúp chúng ta làm bật phần định câu và đÓ nhấn mạnh điều chúng muốn nói cách đưa vào nó xây dựng nó loại đại từ quan hệ Bởi vì có phần câu nên nó gọi là cleft (from the verb cleave) từ mang nghĩa là bị chia làm hai) EG: My brother bought his new car from our next-door neighbour last Saturday -It was my brother who bought his new car from our neighbour last Saturday -It was last Saturday when my brother bought his new car from our neighbour -It was a new car that my brother bought from our neighbour last Saturday -It was our next-door neighbour that my brother bought his new car from last Saturday Subject focus ( NhÊn m¹nh chñ ng÷ ) Eg: Sue sent me a letter yesterday S =>It was Sue who sent me a letter yesterday (not Mary or Linda) 2.Object focus ( NhÊn m¹nh t©n ng÷ ) Eg : Sue sent me a letter yesterday O =>It was letter that Sue sent me (not a book or anything else) Adverbial focus ( NhÊn m¹nh tr¹ng ng÷ ) Eg: Sue sent me a letter yesterday Adv =>It was yesterday that Sue sent me a letter (not three days ago) Cleft sentence in the passive ( câu nhấn mạnh dạng bị động ): Eg : Nguyen Du wrote KIEU story => It was KIEU story that was writen by Nguyen Du Note : Who is usually used for proper subjects is usual for non-personal subjects: Eg: It’s speed that causes accidents, not bad roads When the object is a proper noun, that is more usual than who With all others objects, that is the correct form Eg: It was Ann that I saw Form : * It + be + ………+ that / who +……… * It + be +……… + that / who + be + Vpp +……… Test It was the doctor who was to blame _ Tom’s wife’s death A for B on C about It Lan who always helps him in his trouble A was B is C has been It was the red car _ crashed into mine yesterday A who B that C what It _ Lan and Hoa who have to be responsible for this work A is B was C are It was who broke my glass window A he B him C his It _ Linda who will contact you A will be B was C is It the secretary who has informed me of the president’s arrival A has been B will be C is It _ the gloves that the robber wore Lop11.com D at D will be D whose D were D he’s D are D was (8) A was B were C is D are It _ the patients that I have to look after A was B were C is D are 10 It is this book that I have been looking A for B after C up D at 11It is Mr Brown that this nurse cares _ A of B for C about D with 12It _ this letter that Linda gave me yesterday A is B was C are D.were 13 It _ who saw the ghost A is us B was us C was we D were we 14 It in 1972 that we liberated Sai Gon which is called Ho Chi Minh City now A is B are C were D was 15 It _ tomorrow that they are going to open the new hospital A will be B is C was D were 16 It _ Hanoi that I was born and grew up A was in B was C is in D is nd 17 It _ September 1845 that President Ho Chi Minh declared the independence of Viet Nam to the world people A is in B was in C is on D was on 18 It is in days my boss _ home from his business trip A returns B will return C returned D to return 19 It was the director who I _ permission to suspend our work A required B asked for C made D needed 20 It is the Queen who _ a new school in our town soon A opened B opens C will open D open 21 It was at this shop _ I bought my watch A from which B which C that D who nd 22 It was in Viet Nam that the 22 SEA Games _ A is held B were held C held D holded 23 It is my teacher that I am grateful _ A for B at C about D to 24 It is his whole-hearted support that we are grateful A for B on C to D with CHUYÊN ĐỀ IV Tag Question and Could , Be able to I Tag Question : A tag question is a special construction in English It is a statement followed by a miniquestion The whole sentence is a "tag question", and the mini-question at the end is called a "question tag" We use tag questions at the end of statements to ask for confirmation They mean something like: "Am I right?"or"Doyouagree?"TheyareverycommoninEnglish *Notes: Grammar: S+V+O,[]+ĐẠITỪ Trongđó: Đạitừ:Lấychủtừcâuđầuđổithànhđạitừ Đànông >he Đànbà >she Vật(sốít) >it There >there This >it That >it These >they Those >they Sốnhiều >they : ? Lop11.com (9) Cácđạitừnhư:they,heshe thìgiữnguyên II Could, Be able to: Can: have the ability or opportunity to st Eg : He can speak three languages Could: - had ability in the past Some verbs : see, hear Smell, taste, fell, remember, understand - express an ability Eg : He could run fast five years ago Was/ were able to: - had the specific ability to st - express an effort to Sth Eg: His leg hurt but he was able to run fast Test Part I: Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from others: A matched B watched C reached D managed A reads B eats C.meets D sits A robs B maps C clubs D rubs Part II Choose the word that has stress pattern different from that of the other words A highland B village C effective D northern A apologize B difficulty C enjoyment D remember Part III : Choose the best answer for each of the following sentences The hobby I like most is collecting coins A which B that C / D all are correct 7.I have known the boys, -parents work for my company A.which B.that C whose D whom 8.I want to introduce you to my friend, has wished to meet you for a long time A that B.who C / D.whom 9.The people with - I went on holiday were very kind A.which B.that C.who D.whom 10.The biggest reason for I didn’t take the job is the low pay A which B.why C.that D.when 11 It……… the boy who visited his uncle last month A was B.is C were D wasn’t 12 It was TRUYEN KIEU ……….Nguyen Du wrote A which B whom C that D whose 13.Neither smoking ………drinking is allowed in this restaurant A nor B or C not only D.and 14 Not only Tom ……… Ann is years old A nor B.or C.and D but also 15 I like the diamond ring………… A which Mary is wearing B Mary wears C.whom Mary is wearing D.Mary is wearing Part IV: : Rewrite these sentences (1m) 16.They met their old friends in the town hall It was in -17.We haven’t got any stamps He hasn’t got any stamps Neither 18.The table has just been repaired It was broken by the child last week The table which -19.The teacher gave Lan the book It was Lan -by the teacher 20.Lan was late So was Mai Both Part V: Reading: Lop11.com (10) Tast : Read the passage then decide whether the statements are true ( T ) or false ( F ) Five years ago, Kate graduated from college with a degree in history Today, she works for a large software company Now she is twenty- seven, Kate takes classes twice a week after work She is learning to use the computer programme Powerpoint “I enjoyed college, but my job doesn’t use the information I learned when I was doing my degree,” Kate says “This course is helping me to my job better In the future, I might go back to school and get an MBA.” In the past when students graduated from college and got a job, they usually stopped studying Today, lifelong learning is becoming more common In the United States, people can return to school in their late twenties, thirties, or older to get a higher degree, such as a master or Ph D Like Kate, many more are taking training courses to improve their workplace skills With many classes now available through the Internet, it is easier for people to get higher degrees by distance learning 31 Kate graduated from college when she was 22 years old T F 32 She works for a small company 33 Kate takes classes two times a week after work 34 She is learning to use the computer programme PowerPoint because she enjoyed her college 35 In the past, students stopped studying when they got a degree and a job 36 Today lifelong learning isn’t becoming more common 37 In the United States, people can return to school to get a higher degree 38 It is not difficult for people to get higher degrees by distance learning 39 Kate is 27 years old now? 40 she went back to school and got an MBA Tast ;Choose the word or phrase (a, b, c, or d) that best fits the blank space in the following passage (2ms) Television is one of man’s most important (21) - of communication It brings (22 ) and sounds from around the world into millions of homes A person with a television set can sit in his house and watch the President (23) a speech or visit a foreign country He can see a war being fought and watch statesmen try to (24 ) peace (25) television, home viewers out of this world It brings them (26 ) - of America’s astronauts as the astronauts explore outer space (27) all these things, television brings its viewers a steady stream of programs that are (28) - to entertain In fact, TV provides many more (29) - programs than other kind The programs include action packed dramas, light comedies, sporting (30) , and motion pictures 21 a.procedure b.means c.manner d.technology 22 a.pictures b.images c.visages d.portraits 23 a.compose b.type c.computerize d.make 24 a.bring about b.make out c.bring round d.move around 25 a.In b.Because of c.At d.Through 26 a.covering b.views c.coverage d.looks 27 a.In addition to b.As to c.Beside d.By 28 a.designed b.patterned c.monitored d.built up 29 a.excitement b.distraction c.fun d.entertainment 30 a.happenings b.events c.occurrences d.meetings Part VI: Writing : Use the words given to make up meaningful sentences 41.Last weekend, my class / go / Ba Vi / a camping holiday -42.The bus /leave / the school / a.m -43.After arriving at the campsite, we / begin / put up the umbrella tent Lop11.com (11) -44.Next, we / lunch -45.After the rest,/ we /go / fish./ It / be / interesting activity -46.Then we / go/ swim / the lake -47.We /cook / food/ open fire / and / have/ dinner -48.In the evening / sing and dance / camp fire / until the midnight -49.In the next morning,we / watch / wildlife / forest -50.After lunch, we / leave / campsite / p.m / We / enjoy / holiday / much 51 you didn’t see him, …………? A didn’t you B did you C was you D are you C can she D can’t she C can it D is it C you D are you 52 Ann can’t swim, …………….? A does she B Ann 53 That isn’t Tom, ………………? A is that B isn’t it 54 Peter help you,………… ? A didn’t you B does he 55 Peter’d written before you phoned,…………… ? A hadn’t he B didn’t he C did you D could he 56 Noone liked the play, ………….? A didn’t you B didn’t they C was they D does it C don’t they D can they C he D did he C shall we D shall us C is she D isn’t she 57 They play tennis,………… ? A did they B they 58 Tom studies French,…………? A does Tom B does he 59 Let’s go to the cinema,…………? A will you B won’t he 60 Mary is playing the guitar,…… ? A does she B doesn’t she The end GOOD LUCK ! Lop11.com (12)