cây chuyển gen toàn cầu: 2010

Thus, for example, the 2010 information for Argentina, Brazil, Australia, South Africa, and Uruguay is hectares usually planted in the last quarter of 2010 and harvested in the first qu[r]

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY brief 42

Global status of Commercialized biotech/GM Crops: 2010 by

Clive James

Founder and Chair, ISAAA Board of Directors

Dedicated by the Author to the Twentieth Anniversary of ISAAA, 1991 to 2010

No 42 - 2010

Global area of bioteCh Crops Million hectares (1996-2010)

Source: Clive James, 2010

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20

40 60 80 100 140 160

120

0

29 Biotech Crop Countries Total Hectares

Industrial Developing

author’s Note:

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

brief 42

Global status of Commercialized biotech/GM Crops: 2010 by

Clive James

Founder and Chair, ISAAA Board of Directors

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ISAAA gratefully acknowledges grants from Fondazione Bussolera-Branca and Ibercaja to support the preparation of this Brief and its free distribution to developing countries The objective is to provide information and knowledge to the scientific community and society on biotech/GM crops to facilitate a more informed and transparent discussion regarding their potential role in contributing to global food, feed, fiber and fuel security, and a more sustainable agriculture The author, not the co-sponsors, takes full responsibility for the views expressed in this publication and for any errors of omission or misinterpretation

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James, Clive 2010 Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops: 2010 ISAAA Brief No 42 ISAAA: Ithaca, NY

978-1-892456-49-4

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Global status of Commercialized biotech/GM Crops: 2010

Introduction 2010 is the 15th Anniversary of the commercialization of biotech crops Accumulated hectarage from 1996 to 2010 exceeded an unprecedented billion hectares for the first time, signifying that biotech crops are here to stay A record 87-fold increase in hectarage between 1996 and 2010, making biotech crops the fastest

adopted crop technology in the history of modern agriculture Strong double digit-growth of 10% in hectarage in the 15th year of commercialization – notably, the

14 million hectare increase was the second largest increase in 15 years Number of countries planting biotech crops soared to a record 29, up from 25 in 2009 – for the first

time, the top ten countries each grew more than million hectares Three new countries planted approved biotech crops for the first time in 2010 and Germany resumed

planting Of the 29 biotech crop countries in 2010, 19 were developing countries compared with only 10

industrial countries In 2010, the 15th year of commercialization, a record 15.4 million farmers grew biotech

crops – notably, over 90% or 14.4 million were small resource-poor farmers in developing countries; estimates of number of beneficiary farmers are conservative due to a spill-over of indirect benefits to neighboring farmers cultivating conventional crops Developing countries grew 48% of global biotech crops in 2010 – they will exceed industrial

countries before 2015 – growth rates are also faster in developing countries than industrial countries The lead developing countries are China, India, Brazil, Argentina and South Africa Brazil increased its hectarage of biotech crops, more than any other country in the world, an

impressive million hectare increase In Australia, biotech crops recovered after a multi-year drought with the largest proportional year-on-year increase of 184% Burkina Faso had the second largest proportional increase of biotech hectarage of any country in the

world, an increase of 126% In India, stellar growth continued with 6.3 million farmers growing 9.4 million hectares of Bt

cotton, equivalent to 86% adoption rate Mexico, the center of biodiversity for maize, successfully conducted the first field trials of Bt and

herbicide tolerant maize 1 1 2 5 6 6 6 exeCutive suMMary

Global status of Commercialized biotech/GM Crops: 2010 table of Contents

page Number

23 Global status of Commercialized biotech/GM Crops: 2010

between 1990 and 2008 Nevertheless, it is estimated that 15 poor countries have already cut poverty in half, and of the top 10 achievers (listed in descending order, according to annual decline in poverty), encouragingly, six are African countries that include Gambia, Mali, Senegal, Ethiopia, the Central African Republic and Guinea

It is noteworthy that the major reason for success, notably in China, but also to a lesser extent in Africa, is not due to an increase in public spending but to faster national economic growth which has become the engine of economic growth in the rural areas, where most of the world’s poor reside However, taking India as an example, it is evident that economic growth alone is not a panacea for poverty Almost half (48%) of all under children in India suffer from malnutrition, and they number over 60 million This is one of the highest rates in the world and is the highest absolute number for any country in the world, equivalent to over a third of the 150 million malnourished under 5s in the world India at a rate of 48% compares with the following countries which have the most chronically malnourished children under 5: Ethiopia at 51%, Congo 46%, Tanzania 44%, Bangladesh 43%, Pakistan 42%, Nigeria 41%, Indonesia 37%, Philippines 34%, and notably, by contrast, China at only 15%

the international community involved with biotech crops from the public and private sector in the North and the south, as well as the donor community has not taken full advantage of the MDG in 2015 to demonstrate to the world at large the important contribution that biotech crops can make to food security and the alleviation of poverty Given Norman Borlaug’s strong advocacy of biotech crops thisinitiative would be the most appropriate and noble way to honor his rich and unique legacy in a global program entitled “Knowledge, biotechnology and the alleviation of poverty”–

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