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Bộ đề kiểm tra điều kiện Học viện Bưu chính viễn thông Đề 5 Tiếng anh chuyên ngành CNTT
ĐỀ BÀI TẬP ĐIỀU KIỆN Đề Translating Although a computer can be a very useful tool it is not the solution to all our problems There are certain problems which computer well and other problems which people well Computer are very good at processing data quickly and accurately storing and retrieving large quantities of data and following instruction People are better at recognising patterns, setting goals, identifying issues, solving problems, and dealing with special cases A computer solution involves using a computer system to solve a problems It is needed when a task is to difficult, dangerous or time-consuming for people For example, the task of sorting names could take hours for a person, but can be done in seconds by a computer Our modem society is continually finding new ways of using computer systems and their application appears boundless Designing computer solutions is a creative process It is simply not possible to look at a complex problem and immediately use the computer to solve that problem It requires people with good problem-solving skills In this chapter we will be outlining how computer solutions are developed to solve problems Stages in developing a computer solution There are six stages in developing a computer solution to solve a problem They are: defining the problem planning a solution designing a solution implementing the solution testing the solution reporting the solution DEFINING THE PROBLEM The first step is to understand the problem and determine what is needed to solve that problem and whether it can be solved by a computer This may involve rewording the problem and identifying the important elements in the problem PLANNING A SOLUTION Before a solution is designed it has to be carefully planned This requires: determining the input, processing and output which needs to take place The problem may have to be refined into smaller problems and a solution for each smaller problem Hierarchy charts and IPO charts provide useful took Solutions to similar problems need to be investigated, resources identified and test data writter The test date will be used to test the solution and needs to cove the range of values in the problem DESIGNING A SOLUTION There is no point in repeating someone else's work, so the first step in designing a solution involves investigating existing solutions If an appropriate software package is not available, and an existing program cannot be modified to solve the problem, a new solution must be developed Algorithms such as English prose, pseudocode, and flowcharts can be used to develop new solutions IMPLEMENTING THE SOLUTION Implementing a solution involves using the solution to solve the problem If a software package, such as a word processor, has been chosen, implementing the solution will mean applying the software to the problem If a new solution is being developed the algorithm needs to be converted into a programming language and is called a program The program can then be executed to solve the problem TESTING THE SOLUTION Testing the solution involves checking the results of the solution and making sure it solves all aspects of the problem If the solution is unsatisfactory another solution has to be planned Testing the solution should be carried out throughout all the stages REPORTING THE SOLUTION Reporting the solution means producing a statement of the solution and the method of solution, in either written or verbal form For each of the following statements, select the appropriate stage in developing a computer solution a Checking the results b Understanding the problem an determining what is needed to solve the problem c Investigating known solutions d Producing a statement of the solution and the method of solution e Using the solution to solve the problem f Determining the input, processing and output which needs to take place What are the problem- solving strengths of ? a a computer? b people? State whether a computer or a person would best solve these problems a calculating interest on a bank account b looking after a dog c driving a car d storing recipes When is a computer solution needed? List the six stages in developing a computer solution What is a program? A letter can be written using a pen, a typewriter or a word processor Do you think the computer is an efficient tool to use for this task? Why? A telephone directory of students in your class can be constructed by hand or using a database Do you think the computer in an efficient tool to use for this task? Why? ... in repeating someone else''s work, so the first step in designing a solution involves investigating existing solutions If an appropriate software package is not available, and an existing program... solutions IMPLEMENTING THE SOLUTION Implementing a solution involves using the solution to solve the problem If a software package, such as a word processor, has been chosen, implementing the solution... unsatisfactory another solution has to be planned Testing the solution should be carried out throughout all the stages REPORTING THE SOLUTION Reporting the solution means producing a statement of