7.1 Comparisons and contrasts Comparing cities tives from the box to complete the sentences, New South Wales | Victoria Foundation 7/2/1188 1/7/1851 18/6/1829 Population 6,008,578 4,462,064 1,677,616 | Area 801,600 km? Average temperature 22°C / 12°C Average rainfall (Jan / Jul) Coastline (Jan / Jul) 227,600 km? 20°C / 10°C 2,525,500 km2 24°C / 13°C (Sydney) (Melbourne) (Perth) (Sydney) 102 mm / 10 mm 47 mm / 48 mm (Melbourne) mm / 174 mm 1,900 km 1,800 km 12,500 km (Perth) Sydney short dry In terms of area, New South Wales is than Victoria, but than Western Australia With more than six million inhabitants, New South Wales is the other two states than Sydney, but in July it’s In January, Perth is a lot with 174 mm of rainfall The coastline of New South Wales is much than that of Western Australia The foundation of Victoria is than the other two states than in Sydney or Perth Temperatures in Melbourne are Victoria’s coastline isn’t as that of New South Wales 40 Describing and comparing Incorrect Look again at the table in A In these sentences, the information given is wrong Change the superlative form to make it correct, as in the example ƠI b0 MO Bộ statistics @ Perth has the coldest winters 14: New South Wales is the least populated of the three states Perth is the wettest in January New South Wales is the youngest of the three states Victoria has the hottest temperatures Victoria is the biggest in area Victoria has the longest coastlin Write five sentences to compare your home town with another town or city in your country WN uk B Travel, trip, and journey Study these notes, then complete each sentence with the word travel, trip, or journey to travel: travel is a verb We cannot say a travel a journey: journey is a noun When we travel from A to B, and we describe the process of getting there, we call it a journey trip: trip is also a noun When we travel from A to B, and we are describing what we did and where we went, we call this a trip Thank you for visiting us, and have a safe home How was your to Paris last weekend? Did you have a good time? When we were in Dubrovnik, we went on a sightseeing round the islands How many business How long does the Itwas a very long a lot for my work you make every year, on average? to Madrid take by train? › because there was a lot of traffic on the road Describing and comparing 41 7.2 Describing products and services — EY Describin processes Look at this diagram of the Federal Express deliveryYP process Complete the description of the process below, using the verbs in brackets, as in the example All the verbs should be in the present simple passive form Federal Express Package Cycle dalle fers First of all, your package (pick up) ¿S icked 4p from your home, and all the details of your shipment (record) by the driver on a barcode scanner Then your package (take) to the nearest collection station to the airport, where they (fly) International and long-distance shipments (send) to an international hub in more than 200 countries worldwide When they arrive, shipments (transport airport These (locate) by plane to a regional airport, or they (transfer) mast immediately to a delivery station Finally, your package (deliver) .2 to its final destination The progress of your package (moniton 10 at all times by our tracking system, and you can contact us at any moment to find out where it is i Active or Complete each pair of sentences with an appropriate form of the verb indicated, passive? as in the example One sentence is passive, and the other active speak ! -n.as a first language by nearly halfa billion people ‘¢ very good English make a wide range of high-tech products for the office and The bodywork is Spanish, but the engine use We this process to speed up production This software give so in Germany to detect errors in the system This list of company rules to every employee me a long list of things to every morning arramge All our meetings Her secretary 42 show sell Describing and comparing This graph at least a week in advance all her appointments our results for the last quarter of the year Visitors to the company the main factory, but not the highsecurity block Our new low-price range of CDs only in supermarkets a lot in the USA, but not many in South America They Word puzzle Read the clues and complete the word puzzle Westore information about all our clients on a of copying and printing the document takes about two The p NAW mw minutes They promised to send us the goods Tả like to another visit for next month „Ít, Our machine isn’t working again; can you send someone to £ In the Quality department we É many different types of tests the goods to our factory? What day can you The person who takes your payment in a supermarket is the É to check you 10 aren't carrying any dangerous objects 11 We will try to £ the problem in the quickest possible time 12 12 1ÍD|A|TỊA|B|A|S|IE 10 11 Find words in [ example au DB) Word partners that can be used with all the following expressions, as in the a regular / difficult / good customer an administrative / technical / simple a to call back twenty-four hours / three days / a month to a study / a job / maintenance work to early / on time / late to a meeting / an appointment / a schedule Describing and comparing 43 7.3 Evaluating products Describing objects The sentences below describe the objects in the table Complete the table as in the example ES _™ > ế (6 ®) LH It’s about 2.5 cm in diameter ae* pebetopat (2) It can be used for tipping Waitefs in restaurants The single version is usually about m long and m 50 cm wide x It’s used for going in and out of a room It’s about 3.5 cm in thickness It’s round It’s usually white, but sometimes orange It weighs about 20 g Pu pes It’s made of wood, and the handle is usually metal It’s rectangular It’s normally used at night SFL » It’s spherical, = Size and dimension @ It's It’s It’s It’s Its Sta made of fuibber and plastic square — cm by cm made of plastic and metal about 60 cm in height weight and diameter depend on its value It’s made of metal It’s used for storing information It’s about m high and m wide Complete this table long longer the longest length depth the heaviest 44 Describing and comparing Now complete the following sentences using words from the table The Seto-Ohashi Bridge is 12.3 km The drilling equipment for the Channel Tunnel was 575 tonnes in Rwne ® running race at the Olympics is the marathon w The CN Tower in Toronto is 553.54 m ; that’s more than 100 m than the Empire State Building The area of a rectangle is the multiplied by the The gold mines of South Africa go down to a maximum 3,500 m Pronunciation Put the words below into one of the five groups according to the pronunciation of the vowels underlined, as in the example high deep white wide heavy green pink red depth grey height weight width length my — why D Giving opinions ten wet day eight sit it be see Three managers are discussing the best location for a new car assembly plant Choose the correct alternative from the expressions in italics A: So we have three possible locations — Ireland, northern Italy, or the northeast of France What's your think / view ! on this? B: Well, I think Ireland isn’t / I don’t think Ireland is? a good choice, because it’s A: C: A: too far from the rest of Europe In / to my view, Northern Italy would be better How/ What* you think, Lucy? I/I’m9 agree with Des when he says that Ireland isn’t really a possibility But I’m not /I don’t ® agree that Italy is the best choice If you ask me / to me? north-east France is the ideal location It’s much better placed for the Scandinavian market, which represents 40% of our sales Yes, you have /are® right, Lucy But don’t forget that a lot of our parts come from Romania and Turkey Personally, I think / I’m thinking it’s better to be near our suppliers B: Yes, I think it / so !° too That’s why I prefer Italy Describing and comparing 45 Life stories 8.1 Success stories — EY Reading @ Read this article about two famous men and fill in the gaps in the text using the verbs in the box below became began acquired died agreed met set moved was went sold got founded crossed bought H ROYCE was born in 1863 in Peterborough Charles Rolls was born in London in 1877 Royce was the son of a miller, and Rolls was the son of an aristocrat Royce work at the age of ten He newspapers for a few months, then .3 a job as an apprentice engineer with GNR, one of the railway companies in Britain A few years later he 1884 he was made redundant and he to London and worked for an electric company In his own company H.R Royce sold dynamos and other electric devices to factories and cotton mills He his first car It did not work very well so Royce decided to produce cars himself At the same time Charles Rolls was a student at Cambridge University In the 1890s he to France and bought his first car, a Peugeot In 1902 he started his own company selling cars At the time he champion driver and the following year he .10 a new world speed record Rolls loved cars but he really wanted to have his own name on a car and in 1904 he 12 to set up the RollsRoyce company Two years later the company produced the Silver Ghost The same year Rolls 13 the English Channel by hot air balloon He loved speed Unfortunately fours year later he accident Royce continued producing cars In 1931 Rolls-Royce company, Bentley Royce died in 1933 at the age of seventy © Are these sentences true (T) or false (F)? Uk we Royce was older than Rolls 46 Life stories Rolls and Royce were students together at Cambridge Royce set a world record in 1903 Rolls died before Royce Rolls-Royce was bought by Bentley Past simple @) Make passive sentences using the verbs in brackets, as in the example i) passive Electricity (discover) in the 1880s Elect, £Y Wa di H.R Royce (found) in 1884 Rolls and Royce (be born) in the nineteenth century The dynamos (sell) to factories and cotton mills Rolls Royce (create) in 1904 The RR Silver Shadow (produce) in 1906 » A new world record (set) in 1903 Rolls (kil) in a f Bentley (acquire) in 1931 Make questions for these answers Use the passive form, as in the example When was Charles Rolls born? He was born in 1877 2_ Where He was born in Peterborough When He was made redundant in 1884 What year Bentley was acquired in 1931 ow B Time expressions How He was killed in a flying accident When It was produced in 1906 Henry Royce died on April 23rd 1933 Using this date as a starting point, match the time expressions on the right with the dates on the left, as in the example the following year ` the next day ten years later the same day two years before + the following month one week before in 1931 ——04/ 16 / 1933 (USA) Life stories 47 8.2 Making money — EY Financial ¬ @ Complete the gaps in the table below Ci a RR BRS shareholder | saver tend tender | || Ì | invest CARS Bod borrowings e Complete these sentences using words from the table We spent more than we earned so we made a At the Annual general Meeting the year’s results are presented to the i Confusing g words @ Shatenet dan The bank gave us al, Every month of £25,000 5% of my salary in a fund me some money? The bank is closed Choose the correct words to complete these dialogues g A: That’sa beautiful car Where did you sell / buy it?! B: Ata garage in Rome It’s worth/ worse ? £15,000 but I paid / bought > PROD £12,000 - Hi! How’s the new job? It’s OK but I don’t win / earn* enough Where are you living? _ Ina new flat I lent / borrowed> some money from the bank, but I think I will have to sale / sell® my car How are you? Fine I’m going to the Bahamas next week Really? That’s expensive How can you offer / afford it? I bought some parts / shares in a high tech company and I sold them last week at a big benefit / profit ° 48 Life stories Match a word from A with a word from B to make the expressions defined below The word from A can go before or after the word from B, as in the examples Use each word from A twice bank rate credit share insurance cash policy statement account price life profit control card interest exchange flow box money paid out if you die té - 2a document which proves you have protection against fire, theft, or illness i 3a way of checking that your customers have paid credit the value of an investment in a company share aplace to keep money on deposit or for current use account adocument sent regularly to confirm your financial position bank mi away of paying without using cash or a cheque card the money going in and out of a company flow ameans of calculating when changing money from one currency to another 10 11 12 exchange 6) a place for keeping money during office hours cash the extra amount due when you borrow money from a bank a bonus paid on the good financial results of a company profit Life stories 49 8.3 Company history Reading Read this text about the history of America Online Inc 1999: forge Netscape, 1998: AMERICA ⁄ š ‘Warner Robert ”= Introduction President AOL buys Compuserve, Complete these sentences using the correct form of the verb in brackets The company In 1999 Netscape in 1985 (found) by AOL (buy) From 1992 to 1994 the number of subscribers (reach) Time Warner The monthly payment a @ 1,000,000 in 2000 (acquire) in 1996, (introduce) The joint venture with Bertelsmann to expand AOL in Europe (design) In 1993 Steve Case @® CEO (appoint) In 1992 shares in AOL at $11.50 (quote) Make questions for these answers, as in the example When was Netscape bought? It was bought in 1999 He became president in 1998 It was introduced in 1996 ? It led to many problems They were quoted on the NASDAQ ? It went public in 1992 ww? It started as Quantum Computer Services ? It stands for America Online 50 Life stories Ei Reading @ Read the short histories of some famous companies below Match them with the correct logos and name the companies Formed in 1924, this company was for decades the most famous Hollywood motion company in 1985 He bought Pixar, the makers of Toy Story, became a billionaire, and then returned to his picture studio, with many of the first company where he launched best and brightest stars in the industry including Judy Garland, the iMac Company: Greta Garbo, Clark Gable, and Katherine Hepburn Company: This company was founded BI RDS EYE in 1930 by a man with the same name He invented the idea Steve Jobs ran this company s of frozen food in Newfoundland from his father’s garage in where he noticed that the the seventies He named the fishermen ate their fish months company after a fruit and was the go after they were caught Today many real inventor of the personal of the world’s freezers are full of computer He discovered the this company’s fish, vegetables, and mouse and persuaded a senior hamburgers executive of PepsiCo to join the company in the early eighties Company: Unfortunately, Jobs left the Decide if these sentences are true (T) or false (F) If they are false, correct them, as in the example Steve Jobs left Apple in 1995 _ A wn Mr Apple was a real person SeLCmriu 9]; Hw @ Mr Birdseye was a real person You keep Birdseye products in a freezer MGM was founded in 1942 Birdseye made “Toy Story The iMac is an Apple product In the seventies Steve Jobs’ father worked in a garage Birdseye was founded in 1903 MGM make films Life stories 51 Dealing with problems 9.1 Making decisions Spontaneous decisions Complete the dialogues below with the appropriate responses a—h Shall I ask him if he’s free the day after? remenace EY A: One moment, please I’ll see if he’s there Then we'll have the meeting without him Hold on a moment - I’ll look in my address book Shall I try her on her mobile? I'll just check the register No, I’ll try again a little later [ll wait for her to come down She’s not there — it’s just her answerphone gã A: os C: ĐỀ He told me he can’t come tomorrow Tác Ha € You can try, but I think he’s busy all Yes, OK, but I don’t have the number week B: E: F: E: Ei Do you have a Ms Tiffany staying here? Could I speak to Antoine, please? Yes, we Shall I call up to her room? Hello, I’m afraid he’s still at lunch Can I No, that’s OK, she’s expecting me take a message? Decision or arrangement? Look at the conference programme opposite Then read the dialogue between two colleagues who are attending the conference B has decided what to this morning, but A hasn’t Complete the conversation with the correct form of the verb 52 G: H: Dealing with problems we Which session are you attending/ will you attend | this morning? FO Monday 12th April 10.00-12.00 ROOM 135 HOW CAN MEDITATION IMPROVE COMMUNICATION? | communication Graham Overwood : She’s a very good is she starting?’ ; At 10.30 Oh, I’ve noticeboard She : That's a pity OK, this morning I’ll B: OK, see you later ROOM 216—10:30-12.00— ALCOMPANAHEOMIMUNICATION— CANCELLED Petre Burkin- DUE TO > ~CHANNELS- I'll go / I'm going? to the talk by Graham Overwood You too? I don’t know What will he talk / is he talking3 about? Meditation techniques Oh yes, I saw him that last year I think I’ll go / I’m going4 to the other session What is it? Just a minute, I'll check / I’m checking > the conference programme Here it is It’s Petra Durkin She will give / is giving© a presentation on in-company ES CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATION SKILLS ILLNESS Verb and noun speaker I’ll try / I’m trying7 that What time will she start/ just remembered — there was a message on the won’t come / She isn’t coming because she’s not well in that case I think I'll / I’m doing ' a little shopping meet / I’m meeting!! you in the bar at lunch time Match the verbs in the box below with the words and phrases that can be used pairs with them, as in the example ask shire print send remind book = order check - note\ Som eo, Ne the tim by, 0, Shure a conference programme a gor? SO BH may, é a "eStaury anothe Š0meo, n a for the weekend someone to dinner MeOne to Ne to lock the q, someone to pay an invoice som cooff Pala)nk So, in at the airport ki paper someone G a letter by post First class arce\ 00g địnj, photocopy H at ne age ° a n a le : a holiday mg Highs for information ask | pickup a a queston H invite eone abo’ ut Speak '00r meeting a visito® a brochure at the printer's Your ch Tl Tren from Sch CI 00! Dealing with problems 53 9.2 Thinking ahead EY If A father has a problem with his son who is studying at university for a business degree Read this e-mail to his son, and complete sentences 1-8 with phrases a—h n To: Sam From: John Wilson-[jwilson@ab.com] Subject: Job Interview Dear Sam, Your mother and | were very surprised to hear about your job offer from IPC Of course, we are very pleased to hear that they want you, but we really think that if you don’t finish your degree course, First of all, you say that if you take the job, .2 Do you have a big problem with money at the moment? then I'll send you some more - you know we are always happy to help you a Secondly, you say that if you don”t accept the job now, -4 Is this really true? We think that if the company is really interested in you, > I'm sure they understand that if you pass your exams, .6 Afđ iÝ you are well qualified, you'll be in a better position for promotion And what will happen 27 You'll certainly regret it then if you don’t have a degree It's very difficult communicating by e-mail, and you’re never there when we call you Why don’t you come down and see us? I'll pay for your train fare we'll talk about all this in more detail before you make your decision Give us a call prog mm eonogce Love 54 Dealing with problems they'll wait until you finish your degree course If you come this weekend If it’s a question of money you'll regret it in the future you'll have one of the best business degrees in the country if you decide to move or you lose your job you'll be on an excellent salary they won't offer it to you again later | | || | | ! Ei Company Decide which phrase (a, b, or c) best completes each sentence strategy We don’t have enough money to finance our new research and development programme, so I think a we'll lend some money to the bank b we'll attract more shareholders and increase the share capital ¢ we'll reduce our profits We have too much work at the moment, and none of the staff want to work longer hours, so a we won't have enough work b we'll have to think about taking on more staff ¢ we'll ask them to shorter hours We have a 75% market share in our country, but only 6% of the world market, so a b ¢ I think we'll concentrate on developing our export activity I don’t think our share of the home market will be very high we'll probably import more goods w If we don’t get any better candidates for the new sales job a _ well take the worst one b we won't have any sales c we'll have to advertise again We won't interest the general public in our new range of computers if awe don’t offer competitive prices b we a direct mailing c we offer them free technical assistance Distribution and @ advertising The words in the boxes below are linked with distribution and marketing For each box, make sets of word pairs by matching the words on the left with an appropriate word on the right, as in the examples aor un = Target customers married a boys teenage ' b age group general € couples business d public the 50-70 é people Distribution / sales outlets travel a_ stores TI Advertising local a adverts 12 business b order shopping \ c shops department \d centres 10 @® sports mail e agents b_ mailing l5 TV 14 direct C _n€WSPAperS d radio 15 e daily magazines Which customers, distribution outlets, and means of advertising would you choose for the following? an exercise machine a computer game a luxury hotel by the sea Dealing with problems 55 9.3 Complaining and apologizing EY A hotel complaint change of0 pl Di A change This is a conversation between a hotel manager and a guest Put the sentences in order, as in the example an LÌ a_ Is it the same price? L] L] b c You're welcome Shall I send a porter to move your luggage? I’m very sorry about that, sir I’m surprised, because the system was checked last week LÌ] LÌ đ e _No,its a little more, but we won't ask you to pay the difference Maybe it was, but could you send someone to look at it again? L] f No, that’s OK, thanks I can manage g Good morning, sir Did you sleep well? LÌ h_ Yes, please, if you have one L] LÌ i j Let me check Yes, Room 312 is free That’s on the third floor No, not really I think there’s a problem with the air-conditioning in L] k Thank you That’s very kind of you LÌ Pmafraid thats not possible on a Sunday Would you like me to find you another room for tonight? my room It’s very noisy The h e-mail below isis inin anan informal informal style style The The fax fax opp opposite | below is a more forma! formal version of the same message Complete the missing words in the fax The first letter of each word is given H nữ To: From: Subject: Grenville Yolande@samex.fr Visit to Essonne production plant Dear Grenville, I'm afraid | have to cancel your visit to the Essonne production plant at 9.30 on Friday, as the Production Manager is ill this week Shall we fix some other appointments with head office staff for the Friday morning? Could you let Sandy know asap? She'll make the arrangements Sorry about the last minute change Have a safe journey, and see you on Thursday afternoon Regards Yolande 56 Dealing with problems | | you that that | have to cancel your visit to our Essonne production plant at 9.30 a.m on Friday morning, as our Production Manager is unwell If you wish, we will be £ to fix some other appointments with head be J Office staff for the Friday morning | WwW = if you contact my secretary Sandra Toyes as soon as possible to make the necessary arrangements đc - for the last minute change to your schedule I h you have a safe journey, and we Ị £ 11 you on Friday Yours Š „12 Yolande Pineau-Valenciennes What is ‘it’? Here are some complaints Say what ‘it’ is in each case, as in the example It’s wrong It says here that we had three bottles of wine, but we only had two Lt 2 the bill (in A restaurant or wine bar) It often goes off for no reason Last night I had a call from the police because it started ringing at 2.00 in the morning Every time I try to open it,I get an error message on the screen I’m sorry, but the date on it is wrong I said I wanted to travel on the 15th, but here it’s got the 16th written on it It makes a strange noise every time I accelerate or turn a corner You told me I could use it in any machine, but the first time I tried to take some money out, the machine ate it Why don’t I want it? Because it’s nearly cold, it tastes like dishwater, and there’s a fly swimming in it! Dealing with problems 57 Unit 10 | People at work 10.1 Suggesting and recommending EY Vocabulary Complete the dialogue below using the words in the box mailed discount advertising contract turnover staff premises competitors How’s business, Carlo? Not very good at all Our „l is down 20% compared with last pm year Why is that? Well, we lost a big in Japan One of our Pd ztïz£z much better price A: Making suggestions (1) | Why? © came to an end and the owners wanted to increase the by 30% That makes £4,000 per month for 200 m2 It’s too The much So what are you doing to get more business? We Š our new brochure to 10,000 addresses and we are offering to all new customers We are also «19 on local a 15% radio OK Well, good luck Two friends are discussing possible careers Match sentences in 1-5 with the appropriate responses in a-e What are you planning to when you graduate? a_ How about continuing your studies? b_ What about registering with a recruitment agency? | registered with Manpower You should also start looking in the newspapers › _ In that case, why don’t you look on the Internet? Maybe you'll get some ideas — 58 — People at work offered a 24 That’s too bad How are the They’re not very happy I couldn’t give them a pay rise in January I’m sure things will get better We are moving in June Maybe in the new er —== _— a c d — i lease rent \ e That's a possibility Can | borrow your PC? mnotsure really | must st: art looking That's out of the question | want to earn some money | got The Times this morning, but I’m not really sure what kind of job | want That's a good idea Do you know a good one? ieee _ Making suggestions (2) ⁄ @ An English language school wants to attract more business customers A consultant makes some suggestions Match the suggestions with the reasons 2, ae mail companies directly a your premises are well-situated refurbish the premises b better value for clients - more not sponsor sports events c attract more local customers increase the number of teaching hours d the marketing budget is not | teach other languages as well as English e provide better facilities | | redesign your documents f attract customers from new countries | | reduce the class size to six g give them a more professional image | not move h make courses more intensive | advertise on the Internet ENGLISH Thuộ LANGUAtGE e opportunities to speak large enough | increase corporate business Now use the suggestions and reasons above to write the consultant’s report Use the expressions in the box to help you Write sentences, as in the examples why don’t you ? how about ? I think / don’t think you should I would advise you to I don’t think you should People at work 59 ... lot of traffic on the road Describing and comparing 41 7.2 Describing products and services — EY Describin processes Look at this diagram of the Federal Express deliveryYP process Complete the... 1884 he was made redundant and he to London and worked for an electric company In his own company H.R Royce sold dynamos and other electric devices to factories and cotton mills He his first... travel from A to B, and we describe the process of getting there, we call it a journey trip: trip is also a noun When we travel from A to B, and we are describing what we did and where we went,