VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES ****** VŨ THỊ THANH HUYỀN A STUDY ON STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS DOING ENGLISH PRESENTATIONS AT DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTING AT QUANG NINH UNIVERSITY OF INDUSTRY (Nghiên cứu thái độ sinh viên khoa Kế toán trường Đại học Cơng nghiệp Quảng Ninh với hoạt động thuyết trình tiếng Anh) M.A MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English Teaching Methodology Code: 60140111 Hanoi - 2016 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES ****** VŨ THỊ THANH HUYỀN A STUDY ON STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS DOING ENGLISH PRESENTATIONS AT DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTING AT QUANG NINH UNIVERSITY OF INDUSTRY (Nghiên cứu thái độ sinh viên khoa Kế tốn trường Đại học Cơng nghiệp Quảng Ninh với hoạt động thuyết trình tiếng Anh) M.A MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English Teaching Methodology Code: 60140111 Supervisor: Prof Dr Hoàng Văn Vân Hanoi - 2016 DECLARATION I, the undersigned, hereby certify my authority of the study project report entitled: “A study on students’ attitudes towards doing English presentations at Department of Accounting at Quang Ninh University of Industry” submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts at Faculty of Post-Graduate Studies - University of Languages and International Studies, VNU, Hanoi, and that this thesis has not been submitted anywhere for any degree Except where the reference is indicated, no other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the text of the thesis Hanoi, 2016 Vũ Thị Thanh Huyền Approved by SUPERVISOR (Signature and full name) Prof Dr Hoàng Văn Vân Date:…………………… i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my gratitude to all those who have given me great assistance in the completion of my research work First and foremost, I would like to express my most sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Prof Dr Hoàng Văn Vân, for his invaluable guidance, critical feedback, and especially, his enormous encouragement, without which my thesis would be far from completion My special thanks also go to all the lecturers and the staffs of the Faculty of Post-Graduate Studies for their useful lessons and precious helps throughout my study I am greatly appreciative of all my colleagues and students at Quang Ninh University of Industry for their contribution to the data collection and their constructive suggestions for this research I also wish to acknowledge all the authors whose materials have been used in the study Thanks to them, I could accomplish my study Last but not least, the whole-hearted thanks and debt gratitude are reserved for my dear family and friends who have supported and helped me to overcome the difficulties during my study ii ABSTRACT Learners’ attitude is one of the most effective factors which has great influence on language acquisition and helps explain linguistic behavior Positive attitudes may bring benefits while negative attitudes may lead to decreased motivation and unsuccessful attainment of proficiency This study was conducted to explore the attitudes towards doing English presentations of the students at Department of Accounting at Quang Ninh University of Industry The survey aproach was employed Two research instruments, survey questionnaire and interview, were used to collect data from 96 first year accounting students at Quang Ninh University of Industry (QUI) Overall, the findings indicated that the participants kept negative attitudes towards doing English presentations Both internal and external factors accounted for their unfavorable attitudes From the findings obtained, some pedagogical implications were proposed to both teachers and students with the hope that they will make a contribution to the improvement of the teaching and learning of English presentation skills at QUI iii TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii ABSTRACT iii TABLE OF CONTENTS iv LIST OF ABBREVIATION vii LISTS OF TABLES viii PART A: INTRODUCTION 1 Rationale for the study Aims of the study Research questions Significance of the study Methods of the study Scope of the study .4 Design of the study .4 PART B: DEVELOPMENT .6 CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 Oral presentations 1.1.1 Definition of oral presentation .6 1.1.2 The advantages of student presentations .6 1.1.3 Characteristics of effective presentations 1.1.4 Oral presentation skills in the language classroom 1.1.5 Factors affecting students’ oral presentation .10 1.2 Individual factors affecting on students’ success in language learning 11 1.3 Attitudes 12 1.3.1 Definition of attitude 12 1.3.2 Language attitude .13 1.3.3 Roles of learners’ attitudes in language learning .14 1.3.4 Factors affecting learners’ attitudes towards language learning .14 iv 1.4 Review of previous studies related to students’ language attitudes 15 CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY 18 2.1 Setting of the study 18 2.1.1 A brief overview of QUI and English Division at QUI .18 2.1.2 The QUI students .18 2.1.3 A brief description of the English course and material .19 2.2 Participants of the study 20 2.3 Research instruments .20 2.3.1 Questionnaire .20 2.3.2 Interviews 21 2.4 Data collection procedure 22 2.5 Methods of data analysis 22 CHAPTER 3: DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION 23 3.1 Data analysis of students’ questionnaires 23 3.1.1 General attitudes towards learning English .23 3.1.2 Students’ attitudes towards English presentations .24 3.1.3 Students’ feelings about doing English oral presentations .26 3.1.4 Students’ activities in periods having presentations 26 3.1.5 Reasons affecting students’ attitudes towards oral presentations in the classrooms .27 3.1.6 Summary from students’ questionnaire .32 3.2 Data analysis of students’ interview 33 3.3 Discussion 35 PART C: CONCLUSION 37 Recapitulation 37 Implications .37 2.1 For students .37 2.1.1 Improving knowledge of English 37 2.1.2 Preparing thoroughly for presentations .38 v 2.2 For teachers .39 2.2.1 Providing students with linguistic knowledge 39 2.2.2 Equipping students with presentation skills 40 REFERENCES 42 APPENDICES I APPENDIX 1: PHIẾU KHẢO SÁT CHO SINH VIÊN I APPENDIX 2: QUESTIONNAIRE FOR STUDENTS IV APPENDIX 3: CÂU HỎI PHỎNG VẤN CHO SINH VIÊN VII APPENDIX 4: INTERVIEW QUESTIONS FOR STUDENTS VII APPENDIX 5: RESULTS FROM QUESTIONNAIRE FOR STUDENTS VIII APPENDIX 6: INTERVIEW TRANSCRIPTS XII APPENDIX 7: CHECKLISTS XV APPENDIX 8: A SAMPLE FINAL SPEECH EVALUATION FORM XVI vi LIST OF ABBREVIATION VNU : Vietnam National University, Hanoi EFL : English as a Foreign Language ESL : English as a Second Language QUI : Quang Ninh University of Industry CLT : Communicative Language Teaching ESP : English for Specific Purposes vii LISTS OF TABLES Table 1: Summary of students’ attitudes towards learning English 23 Table 2: Summary of students’ awareness about the importance of English presentations 24 Table 3: Summary of students’ feelings about doing English oral presentations .26 Table 4: Summary of students’ activities in presentation periods 26 Table 5: Summary of internal factors affecting students’ attitudes towards doing English presentations 28 Table 6: Summary of external factors affecting students’ attitudes towards doing English presentations 30 viii B Em có thái độ với thuyết trình tiếng Anh? I Kỹ thuyết trình quan trọng với em? Lãng phí thời gian Tăng tự tin nói trước đơng người Thêm hiểu biết chủ đề thuyết trình tiếng Anh 10 Chuẩn bị kỹ cần thiết cho nghề nghiệp tương lai 11 Cải thiện kỹ giao tiếp thành thạo ngôn ngữ nói 12 Các ý kiến khác II Em cảm nhận việc thực thuyết trình học Tiếng Anh? 13 Buồn tẻ 14 Thú vị 15 Căng thẳng 16 Thoải mái 17 Hiệu 18 Các ý kiến khác III Em thường làm tiết học có thuyết trình? 19 Chăm nghe bạn thuyết trình 20 Đóng góp nhiệt tình nhóm thuyết trình 21 Làm việc riêng 22 Trốn học phải thuyết trình 23 Thảo luận tiếng Việt 24 Các ý kiến khác: II C Những nguyên nhân ảnh hưởng đến thái độ em với việc thuyết trình tiếng Anh? 25 Khả nói Tiếng Anh khơng cao 26 Em phát âm 27 Em thấy tìm từ để diễn đạt thật khó 28 Em thiếu hiểu biết chủ đề thuyết trình 29 Em lúng túng thuyết trình 30 Em khơng nhớ ý cần trình bày 31 Em lo dù chuẩn bị kỹ trước 32 Em thiếu tự tin thuyết trình 33 Em sợ thất bại thuyết trình 34 Em cần đọc phần ghi chép trình bày 35 Em dành thời gian để luyện tập trước thuyết trình 36 Em dành thời gian để chuẩn bị cho thuyết trình 37 Giáo viên động viên, khích lệ 38 Giáo viên khơng nhiệt tình giảng giải em khó khăn 39 Giáo viên đánh giá thiếu công 40 Giáo viên giải thích rõ tiêu chí đánh giá 41 Giáo viên hướng dẫn 42 Giáo viên nhận xét chi tiết 43 Em khơng có hội thuyết trình lớp ngồi 44 Thiếu phương tiện hỗ trợ Cảm ơn hợp tác em! III APPENDIX QUESTIONNAIRE FOR STUDENTS This questionnaire is designed for my M.A thesis entitled: “A study on students’ attitudes towards doing English presentations at Department of Accounting at Quang Ninh University of Industry” Your response will be of great importance to my research It is highly appreciated if you could spend your time competing truthfully the questionnaire The information received in this questionnaire will remain confidential and be used for the research only Thank you for your cooperation * Personal information - Gender:  male  female - Age: - How long have you been learning English?  Less than years  years  more than years -What final marks did you get in General English I?  Less than  to  more than * Please circle the option that best describes your opinion = Strongly disagree = Disagree = Neutral = Agree 5= Strongly agree A Why you learn English? I am interested in English English is a compulsory subject in university English is necessary for my future I can enjoy music, films and stories in English 5 I can communicate with foreign people Others IV B What are your attitudes towards doing English presentations? I How important is English oral presentation skill to you? A waste of time Inhancing confidence to speak in front of other people Widening knowledge of both the topic and English 10 Helping prepare for skills needed in the future workplace 11 Improving communication skills and oral proficiency 12 Others: II Which of the followings most impresses your feeling about doing oral presentations in your English lessons? 13 Boring 14 Interesting 15 Stressful 16 Relaxing 17 Effective 18 Others: III What you often in periods having presentations? 19 Listening to the presenters attentively 20 Joining in presenting groups eagerly 21 Doing other things 22 Skipping class on presentation days 23 Discussing the topics in pairs/ groups in Vietnamese 24 Others V C How you agree that these following reasons may affect your attitudes towards doing English presentations? : 25 My English speaking ability is not high 26 I have poor pronunciation 27 I find hard to have right words showing ideas in English 28 My knowledge of the presenting topics is limited 29 I feel embarrassed during oral presentations 30 I am unable to remember the points to present 31 I feel nervous even if I’ve prepared well beforehand 32 I lack confidence when presenting 33 I’m afraid of failure in oral presentations 34 I need to read from my notes during presenting 35 I not give enough rehearsal for presentations 36 I spend a little time for presenting preparation 37 My teacher gives little encouragement 38 My teacher is unwilling to explain when we have Problems 39 My teacher is unfair in assessing 40 My teacher clarifies the evaluation criteria 41 My teacher supplies few instructions 42 My teacher gives detailed comments 43 I not have chances to give presentations in class periods and outside class 44 There is not enough multi-media equipment in class Thank you for your co-operation! VI APPENDIX CÂU HỎI PHỎNG VẤN CHO SINH VIÊN Em có nghĩ thuyết trình tiếng Anh kỹ quan trọng khơng? Vì có? Vì khơng? Em có thích tham gia thuyết trình học tiếng Anh khơng? Vì có? Vì khơng? Theo em, điều giúp em có thái độ tích cực với việc thuyết trình tiếng Anh? APPENDIX INTERVIEW QUESTIONS FOR STUDENTS Do you agree that oral presentation skills are very important to you? Why or why not? Do you enjoy participating in doing presentations in English lessons? Why or why not? In your opinion, what can promote your positive attitudes towards doing English presentations? VII APPENDIX RESULTS FROM QUESTIONNAIRE FOR STUDENTS Summary of Students’ profile No and Percentage of students Age Sex Length of English learning Final marks in General English I 18 96 100% Female 66 68.8% Male 30 31.2% 0% years 10 10.4% More than years 86 89.6% Less than 14 14.6% to 72 75% More than 10 10.4% Less than year Summary of students’ attitudes towards learning English B Why you English? I am interested in English English is a compulsory subject at university English is necessary for my future I can enjoy music, films and stories in English I can communicate with foreign people Others Strongly disagree → Strongly agree* learn 0≈0% 31≈32.3% 51≈53.1% 10≈10.4% 4≈4.2% 0≈0% 0≈0% 7≈7.3% 41≈42.7% 48≈50% 0≈0% 2≈2.1% 15≈15.6% 32≈33.3% 47≈49% 14≈14.6% 18≈18.8% 44≈45.8% 17≈17.7% 3≈3.1% 0≈0% 0≈0% 24≈25% 53≈55.2% 19≈19.8% 0≈0% 0≈0% 0≈0% 0≈0% 0≈0% * (1= strongly disagree; 2= disagree; 3= neutral; 4= agree; 5= strongly agree) VIII Summary of students’ awareness about the importance of English presentations I How important is English oral presentation skill to you? A waste of time Strongly disagree → Strongly agree* 26≈27.1% 40≈41.7% 9≈9.4% 15≈15.6% 6≈6.2% 0≈0% 0≈0% 17≈17.7% 41≈42.7% 38≈39.6% 0≈0% 0≈0% 14≈14.6% 32≈33.3% 50≈52.1% 9≈9.4% 34≈35.4% 28≈29.2% 20≈20.8% 5≈5.2% 0≈0% 3≈3.1% 24≈25% 55≈57.3% 14≈14.6% 0≈0% 0≈0% 0≈0% 0≈0% 0≈0% Enhancing confidence to speak in front of a group of people Widening knowledge of both the topic and English 10 Helping prepare for skills needed in the future workplace 11 Improving communication skills and oral proficiency 12 Others * (1= strongly disagree; 2= disagree; 3= neutral; 4= agree; 5= strongly agree) Summary of students’ feelings about doing English oral presentations II Which of the following Strongly disagree → Strongly agree* most impresses your feeling about the oral 1≈1% 8≈8.3% 5≈5.2% 59≈61.5% 23≈24% 21≈21.9% 65≈67.7% 7≈7.3% 3≈3.1% 0≈0% 15 Stressful 0≈0% 2≈2.1% 2≈2.1% 69≈71.8% 23≈24% 16 Relaxing 14≈14.6% 70≈72.9% 4≈4.2% 8≈8.3% 0≈0% 17 Effective 29≈30.2% 57≈59.4% 6≈6.2% 4≈4.2% 0≈0% 0≈0% 0≈0% 0≈0% 0≈0% 0≈0% presentations in your English lessons? 13 Boring 14 Interesting 18 Others * (1= strongly disagree; 2= disagree; 3= neutral; 4= agree; 5= strongly agree IX Summary of students’ activities in presentation periods III What you often in periods having presentations? 19 Listening to the presenters attentively 20 Joining in presenting groups eagerly 21 Doing other things 22 Skipping class on presentation days 23 Discussing the topics in pairs/ groups in Vietnamese 24 Others Strongly disagree → Strongly agree* 9≈9.4% 25≈26% 9≈9.4% 34≈35.4% 19≈19.8% 25≈26% 49≈51.1% 14≈14.6% 8≈8.3% 0≈0% 0≈0% 24≈25% 29≈30.2% 39≈40.6% 4≈4.2% 0≈0% 37≈38.5% 50≈52.1% 5≈5.2% 4≈4.2% 4≈4.2% 14≈14.6% 35≈36.4% 34≈35.4% 9≈9.4% 0≈0% 0≈0% 0≈0% 7≈7.3% 5≈5.2% * (1= strongly disagree; 2= disagree; 3= neutral; 4= agree; 5= strongly agree Summary of internal factors affecting students’ attitudes towards doing English presentations C How you agree that Strongly disagree → Strongly agree* these following reasons may affect your towards doing attitudes English 0≈0% 7≈7.3% 0≈0% 38≈39.6% 51≈53.1% 0≈0% 0≈0% 2≈2.1% 41≈42.7% 53≈55.2% 5≈5.2% 16≈16.7% 4≈4.2% 49≈51% 22≈22.9% 10≈10,4% 39≈40.6% 9≈9.4% 24≈25% 14≈14.6% 5≈5.2% 10≈10,4% 8≈8.3% 54≈56.3% 19≈19.8% presentations? 25 My English speaking ability is not high 26 I have poor pronunciation 27 I find hard to have right words showing ideas in English 28 My knowledge of the topics is limited 29 I feel embarrassed during oral presentations X 30 I am unable to remember points to present 31 I feel nervous even if I’ve prepared well beforehand 32 I lack confidence when presenting 33 I’m afraid of failure in oral presentations 34 I need to read from my notes during presenting 35 I not give enough rehearsal 36 I spend a little time for preparation 2≈2.1% 3≈3.1% 5≈5.2% 53≈55.2% 33≈34.4% 4≈4.2% 11≈11.4% 7≈7.3% 52≈54.2% 22≈22.9% 0≈0% 3≈3.1% 0≈0% 63≈65.6% 30≈31.3% 11≈11.5% 17≈17.7% 5≈5.2% 34≈35.4% 29≈30.2% 1≈1% 8≈8.3% 0≈0% 54≈56.3% 33≈34.4% 9≈9.4% 18≈18.7% 0≈0% 55≈57.3% 14≈14.6% 14≈14.6% 17≈17.7% 0≈0% 48≈50% 17≈17.7% Summary of external factors affecting students’ attitudes towards doing English presentations C How you agree that these following reasons may affect your attitudes towards doing English presentations? 37 My teacher gives little encouragement 38 My teacher is unwilling to explain when we have problems on presentations 39 My teacher is unfair in assessing 40 My teacher clarifies the evaluation criteria 41 My teacher supplies few instructions 42 My teacher gives detailed comments 43 I not have chances to give presentations in and outside class 44 There is not enough multimedia equipment in class Strongly disagree → Strongly agree* 24≈25% 41≈42.7% 9≈9.4% 15≈15.6% 7≈7.3% 22≈22.9% 47≈49% 8≈8.3% 15≈15.6% 4≈4.2% 26≈27.1% 43≈44.8% 5≈5.2% 16≈16.7% 6≈6.2% 28≈29.2% 68≈70.8% 0≈0% 0≈0% 0≈0% 16≈16.7% 14≈14,6% 9≈9.4% 49≈51% 8≈8.3% 24≈25% 35≈36.5% 8≈8.3% 19≈19.8% 10≈10.4% 4≈4.2% 12≈12.5% 24≈25% 43≈44.8% 13≈13.5% 9≈9.4% 43≈44.8% 19≈19.8% 17≈17.7% 8≈8.3% * (1= strongly disagree; 2= disagree; 3= neutral; 4= agree; 5= strongly agree) XI APPENDIX INTERVIEW TRANSCRIPTS I: Interviewer S: Students I: Em có cho kỹ thuyết trình cần thiết với em khơng? Tại có? Tại khơng? S1: Quan trọng Thuyết trình giúp em nhiều việc cải thiện kỹ nói trước đơng người S2: Có Thuyết trình chủ đề làm cho em hiểu thêm chủ đề S3: Nhờ thuyết trình lớp, em thấy tự tin thêm Vì vậy, theo em thuyết trình quan trọng S4: Đúng ạ, Đây kỹ cần thiết cho nghề nghiệp sau em S5 Em thấy thuyết trình cực quan trọng cho Càng thuyết trình giỏi, đường tiến tới thành cơng ngắn dễ dàng thuyết phục người khác Vừa rồi, tổng thống Mỹ Obama sang Việt Nam ngưỡng mộ, yêu quý nhiều phần nhờ khả diễn thuyết bậc thầy ngài Cơ có nghĩ khơng? (hi) S6: Bạn nói Nhưng với em khơng quan trọng Em làm mỏ thuyết trình tiếng Anh cho nghe? S7: Thuyết trình thật thời gian Nó chẳng tính vào điểm tổng kết học phần em S8: Em không nghĩ Biết Theo em quan trọng S9: Có Ít đứng nói trước đơng người rèn tự tin cho S10: Em nghĩ I: Em có thích tham gia thuyết trình học tiếng Anh khơng? Tại có? Tại khơng? S1: Nếu giáo khơng định em không tham gia đâu Khả phát âm em tệ XII S2: Em Có nhiều từ em khơng thể phát âm Khi thuyết trình em phải tra từ S3: Không cô Để thuyết trình tốt phải chuẩn bị, luyện tập nhiều lắm, mà em khơng có thời gian S4: Ơi, lần trước em chuẩn bị kỹ mà đứng trước lớp, em chẳng nhớ cần nói Tim đập loạn lên Cảm giác thật sợ Em không muốn nhớ lại đâu S5 Cũng Nhưng thực lần quen Em thấy hoạt động trải nghiệm thú vị Em toàn đại diện cho nhóm lên trình bày thơi S6: Khơng đâu Mà kỹ tiếng Anh em S7: Nhóm em có bạn đến lượt thuyết trình trốn Em khơng sợ ngại Em trình bày tiếng Việt tim đập chân run S8: Theo em bạn học giỏi thuyết trình kỹ tốt Nhưng em học yếu mơn thuyết trình mà thích cơ? S9: Em nghĩ Với lại, em thấy thầy giáo nhận xét chẳng kỹ Chỉ chung chung “good”, “well done”or “not very good” S10: Em chưa tự xung phong lên thuyết trình Em thấy khó Em khơng biết làm I:Theo em, điều giúp em có thái độ tích cực với việc thuyết trình tiếng Anh? S1: Giá mà em phát âm chuẩn em khơng sợ thuyết trình đâu Có em thích S2: Thực em ngại sợ cô Với chủ đề em có nhiều từ quen thuộc thuyết trình khơng q khó khăn S3: Với em vấn đề thời gian thơi Có thời gian, chuẩn bị, luyện tập chu đáo ổn S4: Có cách để đỡ bị run khơng cơ? Em thích nói trơi chảy XIII S5 Em nghĩ, thực nghiêm túc, tâm làm việc thành cơng thơi Thuyết trình thế, ngồi trau dồi ngữ pháp, từ vựng, phát âm, phải kiên nhẫn luyện tập Luyện tập giảm run sợ nói trước đơng người nhiều S6: Việc có thái độ tích cực hay khơng có thực quan trọng khơng cơ? Em thấy không cần thiết mà S7: Không thay đổi đâu cô Em học tiếng Anh thực S8: Em nói rồi, bạn học giỏi, nói giỏi thích thuyết trình cô S9: Em chẳng biết Nhưng thầy hướng dẫn kỹ em đỡ sợ S10: Có lẽ phải chăm luyện tập nhiều Khi tự tin, thực tốt Khi thực tốt thích XIV APPENDIX CHECKLISTS I Voice checklist It is a good idea to think about your own voice Ask yourself some questions: - Is my voice loud, perhaps too loud? - Is my voice soft, perhaps too soft? - Do I speak too slowly? - Do I speak too quickly? - Is my voice monotonous? - Do I articulate clearly, or I mutter? - Will my accent cause my audience any particular difficulty? - Do I run out of breath and gasp for air as I speak? II Visual aids checklist Before your give your presentations, check all your visual aids this way: - If a colleague stands at the back of the room, can he/she see every detail on the screen? - Is there material which is irrelevant and should be removed? - Does the slide need to be corrected? - Is there unnecessary punctuation on the slide? - Has any essential punctuation been left out? - Is the colour combination pleasing to look at? - Has the message been distorted because of the background or layout of the slide? - Is every diagram correctly and clearly labelled? - Have you shown more detail than the audience can easily follow? - Is all the lettering big enough to be easily read? - Are there too many words on the screen? - Have you shown long sentences or paragraphs which are difficult to read? - Is this slide consistent in style and layout with any others that you will use? - Overall, is your message clear and easy to understand? (Emden, J & Becker, L, 2004) XV APPENDIX A SAMPLE FINAL SPEECH EVALUATION FORM Name: …………………………………………………………………… (Make a check in the appropriate column) Good Acceptable Needs Comments improving Topic Interesting process? Appropriate for a general tourist Introduction Adequate? Attention-getting? Organization Clear organization strategy? Used organization indicator statement when appropriate? Linking words (signposts) Smooth, coherent speech flow? Correct use of time expressions and other connectors? Conclusion Adequate? Smooth, not abrupt? Eye contact and facial expressions Focus on the audience Contact with all the members of the audience? Friendly facial expression? Gestures and other body movements? Hands free and expressive? Body posture relaxed rather than stiff? No distracting body movements? Voice Good volume? Confident? Relaxed? Pace Not too fast or too slow? Smooth rather than halting or hesitant? Pronunciation (Specific comments) Other comments? (Reinhart, S.M, 2002, p.18-19 XVI ... positive attitudes towards doing English presentations Implications Oral presentations can be a face-threatening activity However, with structured planning and organization, oral presentations can... Accounting at Quang Ninh University of Industry Two research questions were raised at the beginning: (1) What are the attitudes that students at Department of accounting at QUI hold towards doing. .. EVALUATION FORM XVI vi LIST OF ABBREVIATION VNU : Vietnam National University, Hanoi EFL : English as a Foreign Language ESL : English as a Second Language QUI : Quang Ninh University of Industry