TRANSLATION THEORY: Illustrated Lectures Compiled by Le Tan Thi, Ph.D DANANG - 2020 I CONCEPTS OF TRANSLATION AND TRANSLATION THEORY (pp.4) “Translation is the replacement of textual material in one language (source language) by equivalent textual material in another language (target language).” ( JC Catford) PRACTICE Give the target language equivalents to the following books/ films titles SOURCE LANGUAGES TARGET LANGUAGES “The old man and the sea“ Ông già biển “Thorn birds“ Tiếng chim hót bụi mận gai “Cho vé tuổi thơ” Give me a ticket to childhood “Translation is the process of conveying messages across linguistic and cultural barriers.” (Ian Tudor) PRACTICE Give the target language equivalents to the source language ones FORMS WORD PHRASE SENTENCE/ CLAUSE SOURCE LANGUAGES - Ni cô - Black Friday - Corona - Mời bạn dùng beefsteak - Cho tớ gửi lời thăm bà xã nhé! - We win as one - Biết mặt mà tên TARGET LANGUAGES Nun Ngày thứ sáu đen Give the English equivalents to the following Vietnamese kinship terms VIETNAMESE Ông bà nội/ ngoại Chú, bác (anh bố/ mẹ), dượng/ (chồng cơ/ chồng dì) Cơ, thím, mợ, dì, bác gái (chị bố/ vợ bác trai), Anh em cột chèo, chị em bạn dâu Anh em cha/ mẹ khác mẹ/ cha Anh em bác ruột/ lại, cô cậu ruột/ lại Vợ kế, vợ bé Ông (trẻ)/ bác/ cậu ENGLISH “Translation is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text.” (Peter Newmark) PRACTICE Give the target language equivalents to the source language ones SOURCE LANGUAGES Rooms are to be vacated by midday at the least The two captains An toàn hết Vô phận miễn vào TARGET LANGUAGE In general, translation is the replacement of a text in a source language by another one in a target language in terms of linguistics, culture or meaning As a result, translation theory is methods, procedures or principles for rendering source language texts into target language ones II TRANSLATION vs INTERPRETATION (pp.5-10) TYPES OF TRANSLATION Translation Interpretation TYPES OF LANGUAGE Written (or Spoken) Spoken only II.1 Three complex tasks of translation & interpretation (p.5) a General knowledge Knowledge about some fields in life; i.e knowledge of social sciences (geography, history, literature, economics “) or natural sciences (chemistry, physics, math, IT “) that are essential for translation SOCIAL SCIENCES History Geography Language Economics Culture (“) NATURAL SCIENCES Chemistry Physics Math IT Biology (“) b Cultural knowledge (Refer to Course Book, pp.5-6) PRACTICE Give the English equivalents to the following expressions SOURCE LANGUAGES Kính thưa quý vị! TARGET LANGUAGES +Ladies and gentlemen! +Distinguished guests Kính thưa ngài Đại sứ Hoa Kỳ + Your/His/Her the Us ambassador to Việt Nam V c Specific translative/ interpretive skills Language Proficencies TRANSLATION Vocabulary (esp ESP, idioms, proverbs …) Structure (Verb structure: V-ing/ to Inf.; Phrasal verb, 11n syntactic structures…) Methods/ Procedures (for translation) Listening skill (memory, note-taking, summarizing & paraphrasing) Speaking (fluency, pronunciation “ ) + INTERPRETATIO N + + + + + + + REFERENCE - “Basic English Words“ by C K Ogden https://readable.com/blog/the-ogden-basic-english-word-list/ (A Hand Book for the English Language Translator (2014:10-13)) PRACTICE Practice of Vietnamese-English Translation in terms of structures No VIETNAMESE Một số người bác sĩ, số kỹ sư Một người bác sĩ, người kỹ sư Một số người bác sĩ, người kỹ sư Một số người bác sĩ, số kỹ sư, người ENGLISH Some are doctors, the others are engineers One is a doctor, the others are engineers Some are doctors, (the) other/another is an engineer Some are doctors, some are engineers, and another is a woker 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 công nhân Đà Nẵng thành phố lớn thứ ba nước Dân số Nhật Bản gấp đôi (dân số) Việt Nam Vào mùa đông, thời tiết Hà Nội lạnh Đà nẵng Một hai người bác sĩ Không hai họ bác sĩ Chẳng có ích nói chuyện với ta Không không ngưỡng mộ cô Lẽ hôm qua bạn không nên gọi cho cô Tôi khơng chắc, hẵn Có thể hồn thành dự án Tơi hồn thành khóa học vào tháng năm, năm sau Mời bạn dùng beef steak Da nang is the 3rd largest city in the country Japanese population is twice as much a that of VN REFERENCE - A Hand Book for the English Language Translator (2014:14-53) 630 verbal utterances PRACTICE Practice of English- Vietnamese translation in terms of the statement “Translation and interpretation involves ideas, not words” No ENGLISH VIETNAMESE An ambitious person is Người có hồi bão ln nguyện committed to improving his phấn đấu nghiệp status at work Note: Airport tax is not included in the price of fare, and must be 10 11 paid locally on the arrival or departure It is estimated that there are or people affected by every alcoholic - many are children and teenagers There are necessary inequalities in the roles, but the people are supposed to be equally guaranteed under the law The only way to eliminate world terrorism is by united opposition Pho originated in the early 20th century in northern Vietnam Because pho“s origins are poorly documented, there is significant disagreement over the cultural influences that led to its development in Vietnam, as well as the etymology of the word itself (CNN) Little minds are tamed and subdued by misfortune; but great minds rise above it It has been my experience that anyone who went to a single sex school has finished with a severe lack of social interaction skills with the other sex CEO Nadella from Microsoft: “We need to believe in the impossible and remove the improbable.“ During the oil refinery strike, there was enormous petrol queue Should it not be for the death of the Prime Minister, the bill would be passed II.2 Four basic types of translation & interpretation (p.7) TYPES Prepared translation Sight translation Consecutive interpretation Simultaneous interpretation TRANSLATION INTERPRETATION - Prepared at home/ in class and then being corrected (in class) - for contract, project, memorandum, certificate of birth/ merit/ graduation, transcript record, invitation“ - Learn to read ahead while translation (prediction, speculation) - for emails, familiar documents “ - Specialskills: listening & note-taking memory, repeating, summarizing - Training: synonyms, paraphrasing, different voices, accents & speed Requirements: + Special & disciplined training + Taking courses over & over again for credit Prepared translation “Khoa tiếng Anh chuyên ngành trân trọng kính mời ơng/ bà … đến dự tiệc tất niên vào lúc 18h00 ngày 15/01/2020 Nhà hàng Đông Dương 18 Trần Phú Rất mong diện quý khách” Đại diện Khoa tiếng Anh chuyên ngành TB: Vui lịng báo cho LTML trước 17h00 ngày 13/01/2020, ĐT: … quý khách tham dự REFERENCE https://www.google.com/search? q=samples+of+invitations+to+a+party&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=y onzDu-FStWd1M%253A%252C5kzP8pAa3NhkfM %252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_kTu3_EsYGYEDhhUz38NqV6721JLTA&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj6z5-293oAhXVdd4KHSWlD3kQ9QEwB3oECAoQJw#imgrc=yonzDuFStWd1M Sight translation Find the meaning of the underlined words How can the meaning of those words be implied? A country girl was walking along the snerd with a roggle of milk on her head She began saying to herself, the money of which I“ll sell this milk will make me enough money to increase my trunk of eggs to three hundred These eggs will produce the same number of chickens, and I will be able to sell the chickens for large wunk of money Before long, I will have enough money to live a rich and fallentious life All the young men will want to marry me But I will refuse them all with a ribble of a head - like this “ And as she ribbled her head, the roggle fell to the ground and all the milk ran in a white stream along the snerd, carrying her plan with it Fill in the spaces with suitable words or expressions: A doctor who worked in a village was very (annoyed/ angry)““““““ because many people used to stop him in the street and ask his advice In this way, he was never paid for his (1)““““advice““ and he never managed to earn much money He (2)““““made up““ his mind to put an end to this One day, he was stopped by a young man who said to him “Oh, doctor, I“m so glad to see you I“ve got a severe pain in my left side.“ The doctor (3)““““pretended““ to be interested and said, “Shut your eyes and (4)“““““stick“ your tongue out of your mouth.“ Then he went away, leaving the man standing in the street with his tongue hanging out (5)““““““ and a large (6)““““crowd““ of people laughing at him III LANGUAGE AND CULTURE (pp.11-13) “No language can exist unless it is steeped in the context of culture; and no culture of natural language Language, then, is the heart within the body of culture, and it is the interaction between the two that results in the continuation of life – energy.” VIETNAMESE CUISINE Nước chấm (sauce, paste, jam) + Structure Types fish/ shrimp/ soya Sauce (washy), Paste (thicker)/ Jam sauce/ paste/ jam (Pre-)modifier Head Spices (spiced) with ginger/ chili (Post-)modifier PRACTICE Match the Vietnamese kinds of sauce or paste with the English equivalents No Vietnamese L a b c d e f g h nước mắm mắm tôm mắm ruốc mắm kho quẹt xì dầu Chao Tương dầu hào English shrimp paste soybean jam soya sauce fish sauce soya cheese stew pork & shrimp dip oyster sauce shrimp and fish paste REFERENCE https://tienganhonline.com/tu-vung/tu-vung-theo-chu-de/35-tu-vung-tienganh-chu-de-gia-vi/ Match the Vietnamese spices with their English equivalents A N 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Vietnamese gừng tỏi ớt tiêu muối tiêu giấm Chanh hạt nêm bột hành hành tím sả tương cà tương ớt mù tạt dầu ăn/ nấu dầu mè bột nghệ ngũ vị hương bột cà ri dầu ô liu sốt cà chua nấu mì Ý xốt mayonnaise nước màu L English a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v x w Chilli Lime curry powder cooking oil monosodium glutamate (MSG) five-spice powder Shallot sesame oil peper salt Ketchup Mustard Garlic olive oil Vietnamese caramel sauce Vinegar pasta sauce spring/green onion Mayonnaise Pepper chili sauce Lemongrass turmeric powder Ginger Seasoning 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Cá (fish) + Structure Cuisine + braised/ caramel, grilled, fried, steamed, smoked Types flying, cat, goat, butter, sail, blue African “ Snakehead (-) (Pre-)modifier Classifier Fish Fish Carp Mullet salmon, tuna, sardin, shark, eel Head PRACTICE Match the Vietnamese fish dishes and sea food with the English equivalents AN 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Vietnamese cá da trơn / tra/ trê cá chình cá chuồn cá phèn cá quả/tràu/ lóc/ chuối cá diêu hồng/ rô phi cá rô cá bớp cá chim cá cờ cá hồi cá cu cá đuối cá thu cá bạc má cá ngừ LN i ii Iii iv v vi vii viii ix x xi xii xiii xiv xv xvi English sailfish snakehead/ mullet black-banded kingfish/ trevally Anabas Scad Tuna Sole Sardin Catfish Shark cod(fish)/ mackerel goby/ gudgeon African carp/ red tilapia hemibagrus Mullet crucian (carp) 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 cá mú cá lưỡi trâu/ bơn cá mòi cá nhám cá bống cá lăng cá gáy/ chép cá cơm cá nục/ cá sòng cá đối cá giếc cá hồng/ vàng/ cá hanh xvii xviii xix xx xxi xxii xxiii xxv xxiv xxvi xxvii xxviii ray, skate Anchovy (red) snapper salmon Eel cyprinid/ Carp Goatfish Grouper blue fish/ scad Butterfish Cobia flying fish 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 N 10 11 12 13 14 15 Vietnamese tôm bạc tôm bể tôm sú tôm lột tôm chiên bột tôm hấp bia tôm rim mặn tôm hùm cua rang muối cua bể/ ghẹ cua đồng cua gạch cua (thịt) cua lột/rẽ/ dẽ cua óp/ nước L a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o English Prawn jumbo shrimp steam in beer field/ fresh water crab salted fried crab thin crab (little meat, no fat) soft shell crab white shrimp shell-fish/ oyster arca/ shell fried (butterfly) shrimp/ prawn mussel/ shell salty-simmerd shrimp barnacle/oyster sea/ salt-water crab sea shrimp 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 nghêu/ ngao sò ốc/ chip chip hến hàu don trai p q r s t u v pearl oyster/ mussel Lobster fat crab (with liver pancreas) shell-fish molting shrimp Oyster meaty crab 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Match the Vietnamese cuisines with the English equivalents No Vietnamese cá kho kho tộ chiên hấp viên L a b c d e English caramel fish fish finger braised fish steamed fish grilled/ fried fish Match the Vietnamese fish types with the English equivalents No Vietnamese cá đóng hộp cá khô cá ướp cá ươn cá đông lạnh cá cảnh cá sông/ nước L a b c d e f g English dried fish ornamental fish canned/ tinned fish salt-water/sea fish spoiled fish freshwater/ river fish brackish fish cá biển cá nước lợ h i preserved fish frozen fish Thịt (meat) + Structure Cuisine Types stewed, roast(ed), minced/ chopped, barbecued, rare, shoulder cut, lean braised, caramel & fat, salted & dried dog/ cat/ snake (-) (Pre-)modifier Meat beef, veal, pork, chicken, duck, turkey, sheep Meat fillet, bacon Head Meat (modifier) Shapes (-) (Post-)modifer balls, cubes (head) Give English equivalents to the following Vietnamese cusine No 10 11 12 13 14 Vietnamese băm thăn, nạt ba ba rọi nạm thái hạt lựu muối kho khô rim mặn ninh, hầm xiên nướng tái/ lòng đào nhồi sống/ tươi L a b c d e f g h i j k l m n English salted & dried meat stuffed rare beef fillet caramel veal/ beef stew rump steak minced/ chopped meat Ham Bacon meat balls lean & fat meat shoulder cut meat cubes 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 dăm thịt mông thịt vai thịt sườn thịt viên thịt cừu kho tàu o p q r s t u roast/ barbecued meat half-lean & half-fat meat frozen/ raw meat Chinese braised pork flank meat meat on the bone Lamb 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 11 Give English equivalents to the following Vietnamese flavors/ tastes No Vietnamese L cay đắng chua chua cay nhạt béo mặn a b c d e f g h English Sour flat/unsavory Salty Fat Bitter Sweet hot/ peppery Acrid Đậu (beans) cô ve ván đen/ đỏ Hà Lan Tây Đũa French broad black/red green kidney Chinese Bean pea/cowpea lạc điều hũ/ khuôn pea/ground/ earth cashew Soya (Pre-)modifier Nut Cake Head Rau (Vegetables/ Greens) rau rau sống rau lang bơng bí súp lơ rau cần cải xoong Hung cà pháo Fresh raw sweet potato pumpkin cauli(-) watermint egg(Pre-)modifier vegetable/ greens Buds Flower Cress Leaves Plant Head PRACTICE Give English equivalents to the following Vietnamese vegetables No 10 11 12 13 14 Vietnamese rau muống rau thơm cải bắp rau cần tây húng quế rau má mồng tơi rau răm rau mùi tía tơ tần ơ/ cải cúc ngò chuối chát L a b c d e f g h i j k l m n English cabbage pennywort basil dill bindweed/ water morning glory persicaria fennel/ dill celery malabar nightshade perilla nankinensis green banana coriandrum sativum coriander/ chinese parsley edible chrysanthemum 10 11 12 13 14 Rượu (Alcohol) nếp fermented glutinous/ sticky rice red glutinous rice tonic/ medicinal red Vietnamese (rice) nếp cẩm thuốc vang đế/ trắng/ gạo Mùi Wine liquor/ whisky Liqueur Head (Pre-)modifier NOTES wine (an alcoholic drink made from grape/fruit); brandy (strong alcoholic; grape, apple/fruit, flower/ plant), cognac (a kind of brandy, strong alcoholic from white grape); whisky (strong alcoholic, malted grain,); chivas (strong alcoholic, malted grain, mixture of whisky); gin (from grain mixed with tonic/ fruit juice); liquor (strong alcoholic)/ alcohol); champagne (a French sparkling white wine (= one with bubble) that is drunk on special occassions); sake/ saki (a Japanese alcoholic drink made from rice); rum (a strong alcoholic drink made from juice of sugar cane) http://vforum.vn/diendan/showthread.php?83023-Chivas-Gin-CognacWhisky-Brandy-la-ruou-giGive English equivalents to the following Vietnamese alchol No Vietnamese rượu nho rượu nho trắng rượu bổ rượu hổ cốt rượu khai vị rượu mùi/ rượu mạnh/ nồng rượu nguyên chất L a b c d e f g h English tonic wine vintage (wine) Appetizer Cognac tiger-bone wine Brandy absolute alcohol liqueur =/= liquor Giải khát (Refreshment) white black roasted robusta arabica [take-away/ take-out, shipping] Milk (Pre-)modifier with(out) ice coffee [to go] =/= here tea (Pre-)modifier apple/ lemon/ orange/ sugar cane (Pre-)modifier (Post-)modifier Juice lemonade, orangeade Head ...I CONCEPTS OF TRANSLATION AND TRANSLATION THEORY (pp.4) ? ?Translation is the replacement of textual material in one language (source... language ones II TRANSLATION vs INTERPRETATION (pp.5-10) TYPES OF TRANSLATION Translation Interpretation TYPES OF LANGUAGE Written (or Spoken) Spoken only II.1 Three complex tasks of translation &... passed II.2 Four basic types of translation & interpretation (p.7) TYPES Prepared translation Sight translation Consecutive interpretation Simultaneous interpretation TRANSLATION INTERPRETATION -