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Lesson Vi Editor present the content: vi” is used in lower case in this course to familiarize you with the Unix invocation method when using the editor. The Modes of vi, most commands are one or two characters long, some commands also use control characters, starting the vi Editor, exiting the vi Editor, vi Editor Commands, advanced vi Editor.
vi Editor vi Editor vi Unix Overview vi • vi is a screen based editor • vi is used by many Unix programmers • vi has powerful features • vi has two modes – Command Mode – Insert Mode vi • “vi” is used in lower case in this course to familiarize you with the Unix invocation method when using the editor • The control character will be designated by the carat symbol (^) in this course Unix Overview vi Editor The Modes of vi The Modes of vi Command Mode: • Allows the entry of commands to • • Unix Overview manipulate text vi starts up in Command Mode Commands can be used to cut and paste text, delete characters or lines of text, or move the cursor position The Modes of vi Command Mode: • Most commands are one or two • characters long Some commands also use control characters The Modes of vi Command Mode: • Format of commands (Optional arguments are in brackets) [count] command [where] Unix Overview The Modes of vi Command Mode: • The count precedes any command and • tells vi to repeat that command that many times -> 23x will delete 23 characters The where parameter can specify how much of the document the command will effect or be a command that moves the current cursor position The Modes of vi Command Mode: • Commands can use both upper and lower case letters, but the case usage changes the action of the command: -> P put back before cursor -> p put back after cursor Unix Overview The Modes of vi Command Mode: • Commands can use the plus (+) and minus (-) signs to change the action of the command: -> z+ move line to top of screen -> z move line to middle of screen -> z- move line to bottom of screen The Modes of vi Command Mode: • Commands can use control characters (^): -> F -> ^F Unix Overview finds a character on the line under the cursor going backwards move forward one screen The Modes of vi Command Mode: Line Editor Mode use a colon (:) • Colon commands are used when commands are not easily expressed by one or two key strokes • Colon commands are prefixed with a colon • Colon commands will appear on the bottom of the screen The Modes of vi Insert Mode: • Insert Mode puts anything typed on the keyboard into the current file Unix Overview The Modes of vi Whenever you are unsure of which mode you are in, use the ESCAPE key or ^[ to return to Command Mode If you are already in Command mode and you use the ESCAPE key or ^[ , nothing will happen vi Editor Starting the vi Editor Unix Overview Starting the vi Editor • Create new files – vi newfilename • Edit existing files – vi oldfilename Starting the vi Editor • Edit an unnamed file – vi – When exiting vi, you will be prompted to name the file Unix Overview vi Editor Exiting the vi Editor Exiting the vi Editor • You can only exit the editor while in • • Unix Overview Command Mode Hitting the ESCAPE or ESC key puts you in Command Mode Hitting ^[ will put you in Command Mode 10 Exiting the vi Editor • Once in Command Mode, you can • • either save or not save your work before you quit vi If you try to simply exit vi without saving your modifications, vi will prompt you with a warning You can also save your changes without exiting vi Exiting the vi Editor Quit Commands: • Variations of the colon command :q are • • Unix Overview used to quit vi To quit vi when no changes have been made use :q The :q command will not create a new file when nothing has been typed in the new file 11 Exiting the vi Editor Quit Commands: • Do not save your changes and exit vi -> :q -> :q! vi will warn you that the file has not been written since changes were made not write the file and exit Exiting the vi Editor Quit Commands: • Save your changes and exit vi -> :wq write the file and exit vi • Use the :w command to save changes periodically -> :w write the file Unix Overview 12 Exiting the vi Editor Quit Commands: • There is a non-Colon Command that can be used to save changes and exit vi -> ZZ write the file and exit vi vi Editor vi Editor Commands Unix Overview 13 vi Editor Commands The following tables list some of the available vi Editor Command Mode commands vi Editor Commands Cursor Movement h j k l $ ^ Unix Overview Move left (backspace) Move down Move up Move right (spacebar) Last column of current line (zero) move cursor to the first column on the current line Move cursor to first nonblank column on the current line 14 vi Editor Commands Cursor Movement w Move to the beginning of next word or punctuation mark W b Move past next space Move to beginning of the previous word or punctuation mark B Move to the beginning of the previous word, ignores punctuation mark H M L Move cursor to top of screen Move cursor to middle of screen Move cursor to bottom of screen vi Editor Commands Screen Movement G xG z+ z z^F ^B ^D ^U Unix Overview Move to the last line in the file Move to line x Move current line to top of screen Move current line to middle of screen Move current line to bottom of screen Move forward one screen Move backward one screen Move forward one half screen Move backward one half screen 15 vi Editor Commands Inserting r Replace character under cursor with next character typed R i a A O Keep replacing character until [esc] is hit o Insert before cursor Append after cursor Append at end of line (OH) Open line above cursor, place cursor on line, enter append mode (oh) Open line below cursor, place cursor on line, enter append mode vi Editor Commands Deleting x ##x cw dd ##dd dw db d^ d$ Unix Overview Delete character under cursor Delete ## of characters Delete word starting at cursor, enter insert mode Delete line under cursor Delete ## lines from cursor position downwards Delete word under cursor Delete word before cursor Delete from cursor position to the beginning of line Delete from cursor position to the end of line 16 vi Editor Commands Copying Code yy ##yy (yank) ‘copies’ line which may then be put by p or P (put) command Precede with a count for multiple lines Put Command Brings back previous deletion or yank of lines, words, or characters p P Bring back after cursor Bring back before cursor vi Editor Commands Find Commands ? / f Unix Overview Finds a word going backwards Finds a word going forwards Finds a character on the line under the cursor going forward F Finds a character on the line under the cursor going backward t Find a character on the current line going forward and stop one character before it T Find a character on the current line going backward and stop one character before it ; Repeat last f, F, t, T 17 vi Editor Commands Miscellaneous Commands u U xp Repeat last command Undoes last command Undoes all command on one line swaps character under the cursor with the character after the cursor ZZ J ^g ^G Write file changes and exit vi % If at one parenthesis, will jump to its mate Join current line with the next line Display information about file: name, if file modified, current line number vi Editor Commands Line Editor Mode Commands :q :q! :wq :w :# :$ Unix Overview Quit vi Quit vi and not save file changes Write file changes and quit vi Write file changes Move to line # Move to last line of file 18 vi Editor Advanced vi Editor Advanced vi Editor You can customize the way vi behaves upon start up • To see a list of options that can be set in vi -> :set all Unix Overview 19 Advanced vi Editor :set all Advanced vi Editor There are two methods to customize the vi editor with your own settings • Create a exrc file in your home directory and vi will read it upon start up • Create an environment variable called EXINIT in your profile file Unix Overview 20 ... nothing will happen vi Editor Starting the vi Editor Unix Overview Starting the vi Editor • Create new files – vi newfilename • Edit existing files – vi oldfilename Starting the vi Editor • Edit an... file – vi – When exiting vi, you will be prompted to name the file Unix Overview vi Editor Exiting the vi Editor Exiting the vi Editor • You can only exit the editor while in • • Unix Overview... the vi Editor Quit Commands: • There is a non-Colon Command that can be used to save changes and exit vi -> ZZ write the file and exit vi vi Editor vi Editor Commands Unix Overview 13 vi Editor