UNIT NATURAL DISATERS PART A: VOCABULARY 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 WORDS accommodation (n) collapse (v) disaster (n) drought (n) earthquake (n) eruption (n) evacuate (v) homeless (adj) mudslide (n) put out (v) rage (v) rescue worker (n) scatter (v) shake (v) trap (v) tsunami (n) typhoon (n) volcanic (adj) PRONUNCIATION /əˌkɒməˈdeɪʃn/ /ˈberi/ /kəˈlæps/ /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ /dɪˈzɑːstə/ /draʊt/ /ˈɜːθkweɪk/ /ɪˈrʌpt/ /ɪˈrʌpʃn/ /ɪˈvækjueɪt/ /ˈfɒrɪst faɪər/ /ˈhəʊmləs/ /ˈmʌdslaɪd/ /pʊt aʊt/ /reɪdʒ/ /ˈreskjuː ˈwɜːkə/ /ˈskætə/ /ʃeɪk/ /tɔːˈneɪdəʊ/ /træp/ /tsuːˈnɑːmi/ /taɪˈfuːn/ /ˈvɪktɪm/ /vɒlˈkænɪk/ /vɒlˈkeɪnəʊ/ MEANING chôn vùi, vùi lấp thiệt hại, hư hại phun (núi lửa) cháy rừng lốc xoáy nạn nhân núi lửa PART B: GRAMMAR Passive voice (câu bị động) Câu bị động loại câu sử dụng muốn nhấn mạnh vào thân hành động, chủ thể thực hành động hay tác nhân gây hành động khơng q quan trọng Cấu trúc Câu chủ động Câu bị động S1 S2 V TO BE O PII Khi chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động, ý điểm sau: ·Tân ngữ câu chủ động (O) => chủ ngữ câu bị động (S2) ·Động từ câu bị động dạng: TO BE + PII (TO BE chia theo chủ ngữ câu bị động cho hợp ngơi/thì) Ví dụ: They planted a tree in the garden (Họ trồng một cái ở vườn.) -> A tree was planted in the garden (by them) (Một cái được trồng ở vườn (bởi họ).) Bảng chia câu chủ động sang câu bị động ở các thi Thi Chủ động Bị động Hiện đơn S + V(s/es) + O S + am/is/are + P2 Hiện tiếp diễn S + am/is/are + V-ing + O S + am/is/are + being + P2 Hiện hoàn thành S + have/has + P2 + O S + have/has + been + P2 Quá khứ đơn S + V(ed/Ps) + O S + was/were + P2 Quá khứ tiếp diễn S + was/were + V-ing + O S + was/were + being + P2 Quá khứ hoàn thành S + had + P2 + O S + had + been + P2 Tương lai đơn S + will + V-infi + O S + will + be + P2 Tương lai hoàn thành S + will + have + P2 + O S + will + have + been + P2 Tương lai gần S + am/is/are going to + V-infiS + am/is/are going to + be + P2 +O Động từ khuyết thiếu S + ĐTKT + V-infi + O S + ĐTKT + be + P2 Past perfect (Thi q khứ hồn thành) Thì khứ hoàn thành dùng để diễn tả hành động xảy trước hành động khác hai hành động xảy khứ Hành động xảy trước dùng q khứ hồn thành, hành động xảy sau dùng q khứ đơn Ví dụ: - He had slept when we came into the house - They had finished their project right before the deadline last week - Cơng thức thi q khứ hồn thành ví dụ Câu khẳng định S + had + VpII Câu phủ định S + hadn’t + VpII Câu nghi vấn Had + S + VpII ? Yes, S + had – hadn’t = had not No, S + hadn’t Ví dụ: Ví dụ: Ví dụ: – He had gone out when I – She hadn’t come home – Had the film endedwhen you came into the house (Anh when I got there (Cô arrived at the cinema? (Bộ ngồi tơi vào chưa nhà về.) phim kết thúc bạn tới nhà.) – They hadn’t – They had finished their finished their lunch when I Yes, it had./ No, it hadn’t work right before the saw them (Họ chưa deadline last week (Họ ăn xong bữa trưa trông hồn thành cơng việc họ thấy họ) rạp chiếu phim phải khơng?) trước hạn chót vào tuần trước - Thi khứ hoàn thành thường dùng kèm với giới từ liên từ như: Until then, by the time, prior to that time, before, after, for, as soon as, by, Before, after, when by, by the time, by the end of + time in the past … Ví dụ: When I got up this morning, my father had already left By the time I met you, I had worked in that company for five years PART C: PRACTICE I Circle the word marked A, B, C or D with a different stress pattern from the others A collapse B damage C erupt D affect A disaster B eruption C pollution D permanent A volcano B temperature C illustrate D station A tsunami B typhoon C thunderstorm D tornado A accommodation B contribution C evacuation D contamination II Find the odd A, B, C or D A thunderstorm B storm C tornado D disaster A drought B flood C climate D mudslide A thunderstorm B typhoon C pollutant D tsunami A erupt B collapse C damage D destroy A groundwater B mineral water C fresh water D drink III Choose the correct option for each gap in the sentences Typhoons are severe tropical storms They sometimes happen in my A stay B home C house D hometown When a typhoon happened, many houses and roads _ destroyed or flooded A is B are C was D were Last year, there was a big typhoon in my area It caused extensive damage to our A property B furniture C wealth D savings The government sent rescue food, drink and medical supplies to homes A flood B flooding C flooded D floods All people who were without homes in the flood were provide with accommodation A short B temporary C present D instant When the earthquake happened, almost people in this building managed to run of it A economic B economy C economical D economize is the most common natural disaster in your country? Snowstorms A What B Which C How D Do The _ buried the whole village while people were sleeping in their houses A mudslide B tornado C drought D thunderstorm workers were sent to the area immediately but no villager was survived when the landslide happened A Rescue B Help C Assistance D Volunteer 10 What _ we to prevent these natural disasters? A may B ought C should D be able IV Complete each sentences with the correct word from the box drought flood hurricane landslide tornado When there is a , a lot of water covers an area where there usually isn’t water A refers to a long time without rain When there is a , a lot of rocks and earth fall down a hill A is a storm with a lot of wind that moves over water 5.A is a storm in which the air moves very quickly in a circle V Fill in each of the numbered blank in the following passage, using the appropriate words or phrases given in the box a because of blown causes normal dry suffer irrigated wells drops Drought is an condition that results when the average rainfall for a fertile area (1) far below the normal amount for (2) long period of time In areas that are not (3) , the lack of rain (4) farm crops to wither and die Higher than (5) temperatures usually accompany periods of droughts The soil of a drought area becomes (6) and crumbles Often the rich topsoil is (7) away by the hot, dry winds Streams, ponds, and (8) often dry up during a drought, and animals (9) and may even die (10) the lack of water VI)-Circle the correct verbs in the brackets in this story My Great Grandmother Meets Hurricane Cleo Hurricane Cleo struck the United States in August, 1964 My great grandmother, Ana, was travelling in Miami when the hurricane struck She (1 said/told) me that she still remembers how scared everyone was She (2 said/told) me that the hotel (3 has called/ had called) her room one morning and (4 had said/ had told) her that a big storm (5 is/ was) on its way They said that all hotel guests (6 have to/ had to) stay in the hotel until the weather forecast (7 tell/said) that it (8 is/was) safe to leave She stayed in her room and she turned on the TV, the reports said that a lot of people (9 have been/ had been) injured and that all the roads (10 are/were) flooded She always (11 says/said) that she still (12 feels/felt) lucky to have survived Hurricane Cleo VII)-Complete the sentences with the past perfect form of the verbs in brackets Anita said she was very sorry for what she (do) When Sam (pay) It wasn’t surprising that she was tired – she (not sleep) for two days The road was blocked because a lorry (break down) My mother felt very nervous on the plane because she (not fly) before the bill, we felt the restaurant and went home (they /go) home when you arrived? I (hear) the story before, so I didn’t find it very interesting After she (try on) one all the dresses in the shop, she bought the most expensive They (not have) breakfast when I got up 10 The children were very excited because they (not see) a tiger before VIII)-Read the passage, and put the verbs in brackets in the correct passive forms The Titanic was a huge ship It (1 build) in Liverpool, England, and sank on its first trip in 1912 Today, you can visit the Titanic Museum in Missouri, USA and see what life was like for people on the Titanic Visitors (2 greet) y people in costumes and (3 give) tickets for their journey Inside, the museum (4 decorate) with things from the real Titanic passengers, like clothes, letters, and jewelry All the items (5.keep) in good conditions You can learn about the passengers and explore the world’s most famous ship IX)-Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word El Nino and La Nina The tropical Pacific Ocean (1) a warming and cooling cycle This cycle is a completely natural event and usually (2) between three to seven years When the waters become (3) , it is called El Nino, and when they become cooler it is called La Nina During the cycle, the (4) of the ocean can change by around 3oC between the warmest and coolest times (5) _off the South American coast have known about this (6) event for hundreds of years When it (7) , they see a huge fall in the numbers of fish caught But scientists are only just beginning to (8) _how the event affects Earth’s weather and climate  ... and animals (9) and may even die (10) the lack of water VI)-Circle the correct verbs in the brackets in this story My Great Grandmother Meets Hurricane Cleo Hurricane Cleo struck the United States... the landslide happened A Rescue B Help C Assistance D Volunteer 10 What _ we to prevent these natural disasters? A may B ought C should D be able IV Complete each sentences with the correct... building managed to run of it A economic B economy C economical D economize is the most common natural disaster in your country? Snowstorms A What B Which C How D Do The _ buried the whole