MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT VIETNAMESE ACADEMY OF FOREST SCIENCES ================== NGUYEN THI BICH NGOC STUDY ON FORESTRY CHARACTERISTICS AND TECHNICAL METHODS OF CULTIVATION OF Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How IN SON LA AND DIEN BIEN PROVINCES Specialized: Silviculture Code: 9.62.02.05 SUMMARY OF THESIS PROGRESSION FORESTRY Hanoi - 2020 This work has been completed at the Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences Full name of instructor: Prof.Dr Vo Dai Hai TS Phí Hồng Hải Chairman: Reviewer 1: Reviewer 2: Reviewer 3: The thesis is defended in front of the Institute's thesis-judging council meeting at the Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences At the hour minute day month year 2020 The dissertation can be found at: National Library and Vietnam Library of Forestry Science PUBLISHED SCIENTIFIC WORKS RELATED TO THE THESIS Nguyen Thi Bich Ngoc (2017), Structural characteristics of natural forest place that Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How distribution in Dien Bien and Son La, Journal of Forestry Science, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, number 2, page 39-49 Nguyen Thi Bich Ngoc (2017), Testing the quality of seed germination Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How and the effect of light on baby seedling growth, Journal of Forestry Science, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, number 2, page 11-19 PREAMBLE The urgency of the subject Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How is a large, valuable, multi-purpose, high-value timber species and was included in the Vietnam Red List 2007, classified as EN-endangered, belonging to Group IIA in Decree 06/2019/by the Government and VU subordinates of the IUCN international red list Son La and Dien Bien are two mountainous provinces in the Northwest of Vietnam On the topography of limestone mountains, Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How is distributed naturally in large quantities Facing the needs of socio-economic development, transportation construction, Son La Hydroelectricity, resettlement of people and especially illegal fishing, the number of Burretiodendron hsienmu species has been impaired decline However, in Vietnam in general and Son La, Dien Bien in particular, the study Burretiodendron hsienmu is describing the morphology, distribution and use, lack of in-depth studies on characteristics forestry as well as on propagation and planting to provide solutions for recovery and development From that fact, “Study on forestry characteristics and technical methods of cultivation of Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How in Son La and Dien Bien provinces” is necessary, with scientific and practical significance Objectives of the study In theory: Identifying scientific bases to contribute to the conservation, restoration and development of Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How in Son La and Dien Bien provinces About practice - Identified some techniques for propagating Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How from seeds and cuttings - Identify planting and enrichment techniques of Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How in Son La and Dien Bien provinces Research object and location - Subject of research: Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How - Scope of the study: The thesis only studies in forest areas with Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How, distributed naturally in the Dien Bien and Son La Research scope Regarding the content: The thesis only studies: (1) The forestry characteristics of the species Burretiodendron hsienmu (including: Morphological, climatic, site, climatic, altitude, elevation, stratum, accompanying species characteristics, regeneration characteristics, composition, composition characteristics high tree structure); (2) Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How propagation techniques from seeds and cuttings; (3) Planting Burretiodendron hsienmu (including experiments: Fertilizers; Criteria of seedlings for planting; mixed rate with Chukrasia tabularis) Research location: (1) Study on forestry characteristics in Muong Giang and Chieng Khoang Commune, Quynh Nhai District, Son La; Phong Lai commune, Thuan Chau district, Son La; Pu Nhung and Toa Tinh commune, Tuan Giao district, Dien Bien; (2) Seeds and cuttings are taken from natural forests at the points above In addition, cuttings were also taken from the 2year-old mother plant was rejuvenated at the nursery of Tay Bac University, Son La; (3) Propagation is conducted at the Tay Bac University; (4) Trial models were conducted in Toa Tinh commune, Tuan Giao district, Dien Bien province and Muong Giang commune, Quynh Nhai district, Son La province Research time: (1) Seed propagation studies were monitored until plants were 12 months old; (2) The cuttings experiment was monitored for 30 weeks/time (3) Planting experiments were monitored for years; (4) Material research was conducted from January 2014 to August 2016 Scientific and practical meanings Scientific significance: Contributing to supplementing information on forestry characteristics and providing additional scientific arguments on propagation and planting techniques to serve the conservation and development of Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How Practical significance: The research results of the thesis have proposed a number of feasible technical solutions in propagating from seeds, cuttings and planting techniques of Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How in Son La and Dien Bien provinces New contributions of the thesis (i) Supplementing some forestry characteristics of Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How in Son La and Dien Bien provinces (ii) Initially identifying techniques for propagation and planting of Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How in Son La and Dien Bien provinces Dissertation Layout: The thesis consists of 136 pages with 37 pictures and 36 tables, including: Introduction (5 pages); Chapter 1: Overview of research issues (25 pages); Chapter 2: Content, materials and research methods (23 pages); Chapter 3: Research results and discussion (71 pages); Conclusion, existing and recommendations (3 pages) CHAPTER OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH ISSUES 1.1 Research situation in the world Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How in Chinese called Xianmu (Wang Xianpu, jin Xiaobai, Sun Chengyong (1986) In addition, Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How is also used with many other synonymous scientific names such as: Burretiodendron tonkinense (Gagnep.) Kosterm ; Burretiodendron tonkinensis Kosterm; Excentrodendron hsienmu (Chun et How) Chang et Mian; Pentace tonkinensis A Chev; ; Li and Wang (1964): In China, Burretiodendron hsienmu appears in the southwest of Guangxi Autonomous Region, extending west to southwestern Yunnan province, in the middle of latitude 22°05' to 24°16' North latitude and 105°00' to 108°06' East longitude, in the subtropical Southern and Northern tropical regions Follicles, ripen in June-July, then peel Wang Xianpu, Jin Xiaobai, Sun Chengyong (1986) within ten days of collecting seeds, up to 95% of the seeds can survive, but after storing 20-30 days of survival, only 60 - 80% left; Most seeds are incapable of germinating after two months of storage Burretiodendron hsienmu is suitable for limestone areas, shallow soil 1.2 Research situation in Vietnam According to Hoang Kim Ngu (2004), to propagate Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How for afforestation, it is possible to use the propagating method from naturally regenerated seedlings in the forest to transplant into pots, put into beds with canopy cover 0.7-0.8, tending, watering for new roots, planting under canopy of forest or shade trees from 0.5-0.7 Nguyen Thi Bich Ngoc (2012) conducted a breeding experiment of Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How by taking advantage of regenerated seedlings from the forest Through collection of regenerated trees, the adjustment of density and distribution network of regenerated trees will be combined with the research site Nguyen Thi Luan and Bui Minh Quang (2006) conducted a tissue culture experiment of Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How through studying the effect of growth regulators on the ability to shoot and extend shoots Results showed that Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How appeared new shoots but slowly, the study time was too short (4 weeks) so it was not enough basis for the research team to come up with an appropriate formula for propagation According to Hoang Kim Ngu (2004), it is possible to cultivate Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How in limestone areas with elevations below 1,000m, preferably from 500 to 700m above sea level 1.3 General comment In general, studies on Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How, both domestically and internationally, are quite few and not systematic, mainly focusing on describing morphological, classification and usage characteristics The propagation of Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How has not really been paid attention, there have been some experiments on propagation by seedlings from natural forests, by tissue culture but have yet to give specific instructions due to the time Research is short and small scale so reference value is not high In particular, there are no studies and experimental models on planting and restoring forest of Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How in most localities with species distribution in Vietnam Therefore, the study of forestry characteristics and cultivation techniques of Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How is very scientific and practical CHAPTER CONTENT AND METHOD OF RESEARCH 2.1 Research content (1) Study on some forestry characteristics of Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How in Son La and Dien Bien provinces (2) Study on breeding techniques of Burretiodendron hsienmu (3) Study on planting techniques of Burretiodendron hsienmu (4) Proposing some measures to preserve, restore and develop Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How in Son La and Dien Bien 2.2 Research Methods 2.2.1 Inheritance method Selectively inherit documents on natural, socio-economic conditions, forest status maps of Son La and Dien Bien; Documents and results related to propagation, planting of forest trees and indigenous tree species; Studies on Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How have been performed 2.2.2 Foreign surveys and data processing (1) Investigation of forestry characteristics: Conducted at research sites in Son La and Dien Bien: - Each site established three survey routes in the natural forest areas on the limestone mountains has a lot of Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How, the length of each line over 1km has sides expanded as the basis for selecting the typical location of the plot standard - Describe morphological characteristics by randomly observing leaves and stems of a total of 25 mature trees; 25 regenerated trees; observe randomly flowers, fruits on each tree; monitor the wrestling of 15 plants; inherit meteorological data for 10 years - Dig 15 soil profiles (3 sections/site) At each soil sampling point from sections, mix well in depth levels: 0-10cm; 10-30cm and analyzed 16 indicators at the Soil and Environment Laboratory of the Forest Ecology and Environment Research Institute - Investigate forest structure: + High-rise tree: Set up 15 standard plots of 2,500m2 (50m x 50m) Measuring height soaring tops, diameter 1.3m, forest canopy (by the method of 100 points); + Investigate the ecological relationship between Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How and the accompanying species in the forest stand: Set up 100 otc trees by the method of Thomasius (1973) + Investigation of regeneration: In each otc, 25 plot plots 4m will be collected to collect information on regenerated trees (D 1.3 α2(k=(a-1).(b-1)) = 5.99, Different experimental formulas for different germination rates Applying standard U of the standard distribution of comparative standards shows: U = 179.28 > 1.96 thus, the formula of 40 0C temperature treatment is the formula for the highest germination rate 3.2.1.3 Effect of shade to the growth of Burretiodendron hsienmu seedlings in nursery stage a) Effect of shade level on survival of Burretiodendron hsienmu seedlings Comparing with the n2 criterion according to age stages, it is shown that: Light really has a clear influence on the survival rate of the Burretiodendron hsienmu seedlings in the nursery stage Comparing the pair by criteria U found that the 50% shading formula has the highest survival rate until the tree is 12 months old b) Effect of shade to plant growth: Average diameter of stump from 3.3 to 16 4.1mm (12 months of age) At 12 months, growth is the lowest in the uncovered formula, the highest is in the 50% shading formula Comparison with Student's t-standard shows that: Trees grow best height and diameter at 50% shade 3.2.1.4 nfluence of potting medium composition on seedling growth during nursery stage a) Effect of potting mix on seedling survival rate In the months, the survival rate ranged from 70.8 to 75%, by the time of the months, the survival rate decreased to 69.2 - 72.5% and remained this rate until 12 months Tested by standard n2 It shows that the potting mix does not have a clear effect on seedling survival rate b) Effect of potting mix on growth of diameter and seedling heigh: Results of analysis of variance show that at all stages of age, different constituents of potting medium have not had a clear effect on diameter and height growth 3.2.2 Research results of propagation techniques from cuttings 3.2.2.1 Effect of plant growth regulators and concentrations on cuttings' ability to form roots from natural forests After week, the cuttings began to show the phenomenon of leaf drop, from the 2nd week, they started to bud After 10 weeks, most living cuttings formed scar tissue, and after 20 weeks of cuttings began to have small white roots, the care process lasts until 30 weeks a) Effect of plant growth regulators on cuttings' rooting rate The rooting rate of Burretiodendron hsienmu is low, averaging from 25.56 to 58.89%, of which the highest is IAA 5000ppm and the lowest is NAA 5000ppm Use the standard n2: Different types of plant growth regulators affect the rooting rate of cuttings Using the standard: U=2.09>1.96, the IAA 5000ppm gives the highest rooting rate b) Effect of type of plant growth regulators on number of first-class roots, root length and rooting index of hom Burretiodendron hsienmu: The average root length ranges from 6.5 - 9.8cm, the average number of root level ranges from 2.6 - 3.1 pieces/cuttings, the rooting index ranges from 498.42 - 1615, ninety four Test results of analysis of variance on the effect of plant growth 17 regulators on root length show that: F A=18.52> F0.05(k) = 2.39, so stimulants Different preferences actually affect root length on cuttings after 30 weeks Using Student's t-standard to compare the two formulas for the longest roots, the result tA = 6.23> t0.05 (k) = 2.09, the IAA formula 5000ppm is the best 3.2.2.2 Determination of concentration of plant growth regulators and immersion time suitable for cuttings from natural forests: From the research of section 3.2.2.1, it is shown that IAA is the type that has the best effect on the rate of root cuttings of hom Burretiodendron hsienmu, continue to test the effect of this drug with different concentrations and dipping times The result of rooting rate ranged from 22.22-57.78%, root length from 6.0 to 9.3cm, rooting index from 266.64-1504.59 Examination by statistical standards and analysis of 2-factor variance found IAA 5000ppm and 20 seconds dipping time for highest rooting rate and maximum root length 3.2.2.3 Study on the effect of plant growth regulators and the concentration on the ability to form scar tissue of rejuvenated Burretiodendron hsienmu: After weeks of cuttings, plants begin to bud, after 10 weeks they begin to see callus tissue, after 18 weeks phenomenon of root formation The rate of rooting cuttings ranged from 33.33% to 75.56%, higher than cuttings taken from natural forests before being rejuvenated The root length ranges from 6.5 - 9.5 cm, the rooting index ranges from 615.94 2081.68 in which the experimental formula for the highest cuttings survival rate is IAA 1250ppm 75.56% Of the three drugs, IAA is still the drug with the highest average survival rate, then IBA and the lowest is NAA Compared with the experimental results of the cuttings taken from natural forest that were not rejuvenated, the post-rejuvenating cuttings achieved the highest survival rate with IAA 1250ppm Thus, to improve the effectiveness of Burretiodendron hsienmu propagation by cuttings, it is necessary to promote the impact of mother trees before cuttings or need to create garden of cuttings from 1-2 years before conducting propagation activities 3.3 Study on planting techniques of Burretiodendron hsienmu 3.3.1 Effect of seedling standards on the growth of Burretiodendron 18 hsienmu 3.3.3.1 Effect of seedling standards on survival rate of Burretiodendron hsienmu: The survival rate in the model ranged from 52.5 to 76.9%, the highest was formula (seedling 15 months old) Use the standard n2, result n2 = 51.18 > 0.05(k)2 = 5.99, seedling standards really affect survival rates Using standard U = 5.88> 1.96, the formula for the highest survival rate is seedlings 15 months 3.3.3.2 Effect of seedling standards on the growth of Burretiodendron hsienmu Grown stem diameter growth after years of planting ranges from 1.2 to 1.6 cm; Growth height soaring tops range from 89.1 - 99.4 cm Results of variance analysis show that the average value of diameter and height in the formulas is the difference Using the student's t-standard to compare the two best formulas, the result of formula (15-month-old seedlings) gives good growth both in stem diameter and height 3.3.2 Effect of fertilizer on the growth of Burretiodendron hsienmu 3.3.2.1 Effect of fertilizer on survival rate The survival rate in the formulas reached 53.3-78.3%, of which formula (Applying 0.2 kg of NPK/tree + top dressing 0.2 kg of NPK/tree in the 2nd year) gives survival rate highest at 74.6 - 78.3% Use the standard n: n2 = 36.3 > 0.05(k)2 = 7.81 shows that the amount of NPK fertilizer has a significant effect on the survival rate of the experiments in the experiment Using standard U of the standard distribution comparing the two formulas and 2, the result U = 0.079