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(Writing)Topic verbal and nonverbal communication in USA Đây là tài liệu hỗ trợ các bạn về kĩ năng viết trong Anh Văn theo từng chủ đề Hy vọng mỗi bài viết sẽ góp phần hỗ trợ các bạn nâng cao được kĩ năng viết của mình và đạt được điểm số cao trong các kì thi
Quynh1 Topic: Verbal and Nonverbal Communication in USA Communication is considered one of the most important soft skills in modern era Not only is the bridge connecting the relationships between people, but communication skills are also the key to success in all areas Communication is divided types: verbal and nonverbal communication Verbal communication is the act of sharing information between individuals by the use of speech It is an integral part of daily life Nonverbal communication is the transmission of messages or signals through a nonverbal platform such as eye contact, facial expressions, gestures, posture, and the distance between two individuals Different countries will have different ways of communication And then, this paper will find out about verbal and nonverbal communication in USA Verbal communication in USA is very important so that it is necessary to learn more to avoid unnecessary mistakes The most important requirement for verbal communication is the clarity of the pronunciation, the clarity of content, the accessibility of the presentation of thoughts Verbal communication can trigger a positive or negative emotional response That is why each individual needs to know and apply exactly the rules, standards and verbal interaction techniques For effective communication and success in USA, anyone should master the art of rhetoric The first factor of verbal communication is use words The pronunciation and selection of words when speaking is also an important factor affecting the communication process If you are shy, lacking in confidence, talking too softly or conversely speaking loudly, speaking too quickly it will make it difficult for others to capture the message you want to convey Quynh2 Secondly, it is how to express personal opinions and solve problems in communication Americans always value frankness and integrity in communication in particular and the way of life in general They not like meandering, distance, or similes In general, when Americans say "yes" it means yes and "no" means no Americans are not embarrassed to answer "I don't know" if they don't know what you're interested in, or "I'm not in charge of this" if the issue you care about is not within their scope of responsibility However, Americans are often willing to tell you who to ask or where to look for the information you need, or who is in charge of the things you care about In the USA, lying is a sin and worse than theft, and they also seem to believe that people who are timid and outspoken in communicating are not credible Americans always get straight to the point and in everything they usually not care about the process but only the results In term of "white lie", a harmless lie, Americans use a lot in communication and are understood as a polite way of saying Indigenous people who communicate with each other recognize whether it is a "white lie" or not, and they accept that problem For example, if your host invited you to eat something that you didn't think was good, instead of trying to eat it, they might say "the food is great but I'm on a diet", so no one would say it The landlord can guess it's a "white cork" Moreover, in lifestyle and communication, Americans value what belongs to themselves about their individual abilities, personal identity, their "I" is something that they always care about and protect, the American way of life is included in two words: free and independent In communication, Americans often value their ego and show confidence in themselves Besides, saying 'sorry', 'thank you' is also a common saying in American society, they thank you anytime and anywhere for all the actions that impact their lives, no matter how small or big, to show constant harmony and joy, they apologize when they touch other people or even are traffic collisions etc In the USA, the concept of apology and the behavior towards Quynh3 reconciliation in a fun and courageous manner Furthermore, Americans often introduce themselves by first and last name or if they not need to be formal and friendly, they will only introduce their names Your usual answer when someone introduced you is ‘Please to meet you.’ Unless that person introduces his / her first and last name (Mr or Ms), you should call them by first name Usually in work and society, Americans often call each other by their first names They can call your first name after being invited or have an intimate relationship and not call your own name unless you are invited to people who are much older than you or have a higher status, higher rank than you, or for those you want to show respect For first-time acquaintances or unknown names such as bakery staff, secretary, driver can be called Sir, Mr, Mrs, Miss For children, it is always possible to call their own name The officer or the police should call the rank if known or called as officer and followed by them However, you should always call the professors in universities by title and surname (for example, Professor Clinton), unless they allow or ask you to call them by name Americans often answer by phone by saying "Hello" If you call for work, the person answering the phone usually starts with the company name and their name after that If you meet the person you need right away, just say Hello and your name If not, you should politely ask the person answering the phone, "May I speak with Bill Clinton please?" Most Americans usually have an answering machine at home At the same time, most companies often have voice messages for their employees so you can leave a message Give your first name clearly and leave your phone number so they can call you back The messages should be short and to the point And an important thing in American communication should not ask the age, or income of the Americans Religion, politics, and sex are also sensitive areas in the US It is best to avoid these topics unless with close friends The salutation is "How are you?" And the answer is "I'm fine, thank you" is enough, not tell me more about my health When greeting, Quynh4 not complain about anything Express your sense of happiness and a positive outlook that is more acceptable to Americans Keep silent: Avoid making noise, talking too loudly in public places like restaurants, hotels, cafes, shops, supermarkets especially in solemn sightseeing places such as museums, souvenir houses, memorials Nonverbal communication is a kind of "language" that is little or not attached to consciousness, it can be expressed automatically and mechanically that other people may not have understood It is the body language, expressed by gestures, facial expressions, eyes contact in the communication process and has its own coding system So how important is non-verbal communication? Until now, a lot of research paper on delivery general speaking and nonverbal communication spoken particularly, it was established to affirm its reach important and independent type of this communication A series of papers with approaches and various research methods, have taken output specific results that show the importance undeniable of nonverbal communication: Hall claims 60% of the entire delivery reception of nonverbal people Mehrabian and Wiener found this 93% of social meaning is associated with nonverbal communication Birdwhistell suggested that a person (US), average daily use only words in the range of 10 to 11 minutes and an average statement of length of time about 2.5 seconds He also realized that citadel spoken words in face-to-face conversations only accounting for nearly 35%, while more than 65% belonged nonverbal elements In modern society and especially in the international business environment, it is essential for each of us to become more sophisticated, to have life skills that are self-aware and self-restraining in body language and practice Observe this language through the surrounding images to understand the partner we are communicating with In professional communication skills, in addition to paying attention to the gestures and messages of the opposite person, you must also know how to read the person's gestures and their Quynh5 meaning When you have that experience, you will know the other person, identify yourself and control yourself and the other person with nonverbal actions Usually after a courtesy greeting, the experienced person begins to notice the nonverbal gestures of the other person He crossed his limbs while talking? Did he look into his eyes? Does he cover his mouth when asking questions? Observe and system the gestures, can assess whether the person is really in conversation, depressed, angry or suspicious At first, you may not be 100% aware of those gestures, but at least be able to recognize something that is happening in the opposite person When we control our behaviors, our gestures and that of the other person, we will see the benefits of body language The language of the body that reflects the true feelings inside should understand it, you can use them in the most beneficial way when meeting your partner or giving a presentation in front of a crowd Gestures are the first element in nonverbal communication in USA In the US, shaking hands is a common greeting You can shake hands with both men and women at the first meeting or later Americans have a habit of shaking hands with both hands rather than fingers (not to squeeze to hurt other people's hands) to show friendliness and enthusiasm Loose handshakes can be considered uncertain, lacking in confidence, and even indifferent in relationships It is rare for Americans to use both hands to shake hands When you shake hands, you should be about a foot away from the other person, the frontal body is slightly inclined forward, the legs stand straight up, the right hand out, the four fingers together, the distance between the thumb and index fingers intersecting, thumb extended, pointing to the handshake If the handshake facing down below the palm of his hand shows that this is the person who tends to dominate others very much, by that handshake he wants to tell others that, when that his position is a step higher So in the process of communication you should at least limit this arrogant and tactless handshake, Quynh6 because it will bring offensive feelings to the opposite person On the contrary, the palm facing inward to shake the opponent's hand showed the humility and respect of the handshake And when shaking hands, hands perpendicular to each other show that the handshake in this way is a very natural and respectful equality in communication The handshake perpendicular to the opponent's hand is also a relatively common and most stable way of all the above handshakes Wearing gloves while shaking hands is an impolite behavior If you are a man before you shake your hand, you should remove your gloves and lower your hat If you are a woman, you may not need to remove your gloves and hat Besides, in the US, they often hug, rub their cheeks or kiss their cheeks when communicating Sometimes you can see men and women or women and women greeting each other by hugging, and even rubbing their cheeks or kissing each other This form of greeting is usually only for people who are long friends, or at least have known each other In addition, Americans rarely touch each other Americans also use gestures at different levels of communication to emphasize what they want to say or may just follow natural habits Shaking his head from side to side means disagreeing Nodding means agreeing Raising your eyebrows shows surprise Shrugs appear skeptical or uncertain In the restaurant when you want to call the waiter you can raise your hand up and point your index finger to attract their attention However, waving or pointing your index finger directly at another person means accusing or challenging the person Reaching out with your palm facing forward means stopping For Americans raising their middle finger is considered obscene and challenging Sometimes, you can see Americans resting one foot on the other and leaning back when talking to guests These traits often contradict the tradition of respectful and humble respect of Asians Saying that doesn't mean Americans are arrogant or rude Americans often value efficiency over courtesy Quynh7 One of the indispensable elements of nonverbal communication in the US is facial expressions Americans can express themselves or express emotions, express ego through facial expressions Different states of facial expression will make them more confident and more successful in communication For example, negotiators always know how to hide their true feelings They will carefully select words, change the tone, gesture language and facial expressions carefully To ordinary people, they appear to be indifferent, neutral or can pretend to be convinced if they think this will help them achieve certain goals Expressions on facial expressions help to emphasize words through visuals and emotions It can arouse your emotions and thus make your voice alive When talking to each other as well as speaking in public, almost everyone has changes in facial expressions and gestures in some form Smile is considered a powerful weapon to bring comfort, joy, openness in communication However, in many cases, smile has many other meanings Always have a warm smile when you walk into the office or start the presentation Simple details that will help you "score" in the heart of people from the first moment Besides, smiling also makes others think that you are happy, funny even able to convey that positive emotion around American smiles tend to show more emotionally than Russians or Asians Speaking of important issues, facial expressions must be serious and if something goes wrong, keep angry Americans always like to be straightforward and not talk around If you're stressed or worried, your face usually looks cold, indifferent to everything Therefore, practice facial expressions in the mirror, avoid bad attitude so that people see you are always active, positive everything The false facial expressions on the face cannot help us gain trust from everyone around us With sharp intuition, the opponent will often perceive an attitude of dishonesty, thereby gradually losing trust Sincere advice is not to try to be happy when you Quynh8 are feeling really angry and vice versa Let the facial expressions determine our emotions, our thoughts, our desires because they are constantly changing, profoundly from time to time The last and very important factor in nonverbal communication in the US are eyes contact This is the most powerful form of nonverbal communication It builds an emotional relationship between the speaker and the listener According to Eckman “Communication (also known as eyes contact) is a major channel of nonverbal communication In which time of making eye contact is the most important ” The minimum rule when communicating with Americans is to look directly into the eyes of the opposite person and keep eye contact throughout the conversation In an American perspective, looking straight into another person's eyes when speaking shows sincerity, confidence, and respect Americans judge that you not look directly into the eyes of the other person but look around or look at the ground as a dishonest or disrespectful person In fact, Americans communicate not only with words but also with expressions of the face and eyes, so the fact that you are afraid to look at the opponent's eyes or roll your eyes around when talking makes the person talking to you feel Not good about you In America, strangers only look at each other's eyes for about half a second In case you are not talking to anyone but purposely staring at someone else's face or, worse, parts of their body, it will definitely be considered vulgar Looking at the right place and the right time is what you need to keep in mind when communicating with Americans There are four basic mistakes when making eye contact that we often see: avoid eye contact: show your weakness Blinking too much: making speech unreliable The eyes look uncertain indefinitely: to show superficiality, sometimes with a reflective element Eyes blank with emotionlessness: showing ignorance and stupidity Here are some things to keep in mind when making eye contact in the US The first note don't flabby with people of the opposite sex, unless it's just a funny gesture you make for Quynh9 fun Next, whether talking to an older or younger person, don't look at their blemishes Although you not intentionally, but sometimes your eyes evoke negative thoughts on their heads Additionally, when asking someone, while waiting for them to make a decision, should not stare at them Inadvertently your eyes put pressure on them to agree to help you When eating, don't look at other people picking food because you will confuse them Finally, avoid letting the other person see you cry, because you will make them very awkward, whether they are the people making you cry or not Nowadays, the communication behaviors are gradually globalized, but the characteristics of communication styles in each country are still very interesting Let's look at the interesting differences in communication between Vietnamese and Americans The first difference is greeting and getting acquainted In the United States, people often greet each other with very close gestures such as hugging or kissing their cheeks depending on the intimacy or the handshakes are always the most polite and civilized way of greeting While in Vietnam, an Asian country, places a high value on social hierarchy, their greetings become more complicated according to their relationship Starting new relationships, being open minded and having fun is what people are most impressed with when getting to know an American As for Vietnamese nowadays, thanks to the introduction of foreign culture, they are more free and stronger to get acquainted but in general, they still have a more shy and confused attitude than the transient in communication of the Americans The second difference is to ask about enemy income In Vietnam, this issue is quite comfortable Often in friends' meetings or family gatherings, income is an issue often mentioned as a gesture of caring for the other's life However, this issue in US is listed as sensitive even taboo Discussing income is also viewed as a rather offensive act Another difference is calling them shows respect Vietnamese people not call each other by Quynh10 their surname This is due to the fact that the surname in Vietnam is not rich, duplication of surname is extremely obvious and common In the West, however, they are a difficult element to duplicate, almost unlike anyone Therefore, when communicating in Canada, you should address them with your partner This shows respect for the opposite person By name, it means the relationship has become intimate Next, it is how to shake hands Americans often shake hands more tightly than Vietnamese people and Vietnamese people often hold hands with their partners longer Vietnamese people often shake hands more often When reaching out to catch, the fingers of the person Viet usually camber posture more, longer American fingers are straight more When holding hands, Americans often fret arms farther away from body, while Vietnamese the arms are closer to the body When shaking hands solemnly, Vietnamese people often stooped back and slightly bowed and the US often has a straight back and a slight bow When shaking hands solemnly, Vietnamese people often look down and Americans often looking directly at the communication partner In summary, American’s are known as people who say what they think, but Americans value “small talk” or chatting before talking about important things Swear words and insults to another person’s race, religion, or gender are not acceptable in American conversations Americans like to look each other in the eye when they are talking Men shake hands when they met, though men may kiss women’s cheeks and women may hug each other or offer handshakes Most people don’t like it when other people stand too close A “thumbs up” is a sign that something is good in America Therefore, we should learn about how Americans communicate to avoid making unnecessary mistakes when talking to them Quynh11 Works cited E.T Hall, Silent Language, Doubleday and Co, New York, 1959 https://www.amazon.com/Silent-Language-Anchor-Books/dp/0385055498 A Mehrabian, M Wiener, Non Immediacy between Communication and Object of Communication in a Verbal Message, R.L Birdwhistell, Kenesics and Journal of Consulting Psychology 30 (1966) 225 Context, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1970 https://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/book/179.html Weiten, W., Dunn, D, & Hammer, E, Psychology Applied to Modern Life (2009) Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Adjustment/dp/1305968476 https://www.amazon.com/Psychology-Applied-Modern-Life- ... personal opinions and solve problems in communication Americans always value frankness and integrity in communication in particular and the way of life in general They not like meandering, distance,... stand straight up, the right hand out, the four fingers together, the distance between the thumb and index fingers intersecting, thumb extended, pointing to the handshake If the handshake facing... nonverbal communication in USA In the US, shaking hands is a common greeting You can shake hands with both men and women at the first meeting or later Americans have a habit of 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