THE PASSIVE VOICE I. FORM: S + V + O S + be + V 3/ed + (by O) Present S + is/am/are + V 3/ed A: Tom eats a cake. P: A cake is eaten by Tom. Past S + was/were + V 3/ed A: The manager sacked us. P: We were sacked by the manager. Future S + will/shall + be + V 3/ed A: The mailman will deliver the letter. P: The letter will be delivered by the mailman. Present perfect & past perfect S + have/has + been + V 3/ed had A: The police have questioned me. P: I have been questioned by the police. Present continuous & past continuous S+ is/am/are + being + V 3/ed was/were A: He was reading a book. P: A book was being read (by him). Future perfect S+ will/shall + have +been + V 3/ed A: We shall have received our degrees by next month. P: Our degrees will have been received by next month.  Notes: – Chỉ có các ngoại động từ (động từ có tân ngữ theo sau) mới có thể chuyển sang thụ động. – Khi chủ từ trong các câu chủ động là I,He,She, It, We,You, They hoặc Someone, Somebody, Nobody, People… khi đổi sang câu thụ động có thể bỏ by O. II. MỘT SỐ DẠNG CÂU THỤ ĐỘNG ĐẶC BIỆT: 1. Infinitive passive: A: modal + V 0 P: modal + be +V 3/ed A: I must buy a new pen. P: A new pen must be bought. A: V + to-inf P: V + to be + V 3/ed A: I need someone to finish this work. P: I need this work to be finish. This work needs to be finished. = This work needs finishing. A: I want all people to leave me alone P: I want to be left alone. 2. Perfect infinitive: Modal + have + V3/ed → Modal + have + been + V 3/ed Should have been + V 3/ed Đáng lẽ nên A: Somebody should have cleaned the room. P: The room should have been cleaned. A: People seem to have solved the problems. P: The problems seem to have been solved. Might have been + V 3/ed Có lẽ Would have been + V 3/ed ắt hẳn Must have been + V 3/ed Chắc là Could have been + V 3/ed Rất có thể Seem to have been + V 3/ed Dường như MAI THỊ HỒNG VÂN (095.8838566) 3. Passive with two objects: direct object (things) & indirect object (people) o Ex 1 : A: Someone gave Mrs. Lee an award. ≈ Someone gave an award to Mrs. Lee. I.O D.O D.O I.O → P: Mrs. was given an award. ≈ An award was given to Mrs. Lee. o Ex 2 : A: He told me a lie. → P: A lie was told me. ≈ I was told a lie.  Note: some verbs with 2 objects: ask, offer, pay, show, teach, tell, buy, give… 4. Passive with object complement: o Ex 1 : A: This news made me sad. → P: I was made sad by this news. o.c o.c o Ex 2 : A: I found you unhappy. → P: You were found unhappy. o.c o.c 5. Passive with perception verbs & verbs + V 0 : (feel, see, watch, hear, make, know, taste, smell, sound, notice…) A: S + V + O + V 0 P: S + be + V 3/ed + to-inf o Ex 1 : A: My parents made me do this work.→ P: I was made to do this work by my parents. o Ex 2 : A: I’ve never heard him sing a song. → P: He has never been heard to sing a song. P: I’ve never heard a song be sung by him. 6. Passive with perception verbs & verbs + V-ing: A: S + V + O + V-ing P: S + be + V 3/ed + V-ing o Ex 1 : A: I saw him walking on the street. → P: He was seen walking on the street. o Ex 2 : A: I see her playing the guitar. → P: She is seen playing the guitar. P: I see the guitar being played by her. 7. Passive with gerund: A: V + V-ing P: V + being + V 3/ed o Ex: A: I don’t like people telling me what to do. → P: I don’t like being told what to do. 8. Passive with “GET”: dùng khi biến đổi trạng thái; khi sự việc hay thay đổi hoặc bất ngờ. Ex 1 : There was a fight at the party but nobody got hurt. Ex 2 : Our dog got run over by a car.  Note: GET + ADJ: angry, anxious, bald, better, big, busy, chilly, cold, dark, dizzy, empty, fat, full, good, heavy, hot, hungry, late, light, mad, nervous, old, rich, sick, sleepy, tall, thirsty, warm well, wet, worse. o Ex: I stopped working because I got sleepy.  Expressions which are not passive in meaning: Get married get divorced get dressed get changed 9. Stative passive: diễn tả 1 tình huống hoặc trạng thái đang tồn tại.(không có hành động) MAI THỊ HỒNG VÂN (095.8838566) S + be + V 3/ed + O.C + by O GET + V 3/ed Ex: The door is green. Ex: The door was locked by me 5 minutes ago. → The door is now locked.  Notes: – Dùng giới từ (prepositions) – không dùng by o Ex: I’m interested in Chinese art. o Ex: He is satified with his job. o Ex: Ann is marries to Alex. – Một số câu không có ở dạng chủ động: o Ex: I don’t know where I am. I’m lost. o Ex: I can’t find my purse. It’s gone. o Ex: I’m finished/ done with my work. 10.Passive with “that clause”: A: S + V + (that) + S’ + V’ + O’ P: It + be + V 3/ed + that + S’ + V’ + O’ S’ + be + V 3/ed + toV’ (cùng thì) to have + V’ 3/ed + O’ (≠ thì)  Note: những động từ thường dùng với mệnh đề “that”: know, think, say, believe, consider, declare, report, allege… o Ex: People say money brings happiness. → It is said that money brings happiness. → Money is said to bring happiness. o Ex: They allege that he kicked a policeman. → It is alleged that he kicked a policeman. → He is alleged to have kicked a policeman. 11.Causative passive: A: Have S.O + V 0 + S.th P: Have + S.th + V 3/ed Ex: I had a boy clean my shoes. → I had my shoes cleaned. A: Get S.O + to-inf + S.th P: Get S.th + V 3/ed Ex: I got the boy to clean my shoes. → I got my shoes cleaned. 12.Be supposed to: a. Be supposed to = be said to o Ex: Let’s go and see that film. It’s supposed to be very good. b. Be supposed to = It’s planned; arranged; expected o Ex: I’m supposed to be meeting Ann at 8:15’ p.m. o Ex: The train was supposed to arrive at 11:30’ but it was an hour late. o Ex: You were supposed to clean the window. Why didn’t you do it? c. Be not supposed to = it’s not allowed or advisable for you to do it. o Ex: You are not supposed to park tour car here. It’s private parking only. o Ex: The patient isn’t supposed to do any heavy work. MAI THỊ HỒNG VÂN (095.8838566) Be + Adj Be + V 3/ed (used as an Adj) 13.Imperative passive: A: V + O P: → Let O + be + V 3/ed A: Never/don’t + V + O P: → Let O + never/not + be + V 3/ed → Don’t let + O + be + V 3/ed o Ex: Write your name on the paper, please. → Let your name be written on the paper. o Ex: Don’t open the gate if you see strange people. → Let the gate not be opened if you see strange people. → Don’t let the gate be opened if you see strange people. A: (Don’t) let + Pro + V 0 P: (Don’t) let + reflexive Pro + be +V 3/ed o Ex: Let us go, please.→ Let ourselves be gone. o Ex: Don’t let him follow her.→ Don’t let herself be followed by him. 14.Passive with verbs: advise, be, order, urge, recommend, agree, decide, demand, be determined, be anxious… A: S + V + O + to-inf + O’ P: S + V + O + that S’ + should be + V 3/ed o Ex: She advised me to sell my motocycle. → She advised me that my motocycle should be sold. 15.Questions in passive: o Ex: Who bought this hat? → (By) whom was this hat bought? o Ex: Who did you meet yesterday? → Who was met by you yesterday? o Ex: Are they going to build a new school here? Is a new school going to be built here? o Ex: Did you buy that book? → Was that book bought by you? o Ex: Have your parents met him before? → Has he been met before by your parent? MAI THỊ HỒNG VÂN (095.8838566) . THE PASSIVE VOICE I. FORM: S + V + O S + be + V 3/ed + (by O) Present S + is/am/are. month.  Notes: – Chỉ có các ngoại động từ (động từ có tân ngữ theo sau) mới có thể chuyển sang thụ động. – Khi chủ từ trong các câu chủ động là I,He,She,