Sưu tầm: Thầy Linh Cani BÀI TẬP ĐỌC HIỂU TIẾNG ANH EXERCISE 1: MARK THE LETTER A, B, C OR D TO FILL IN THE BLANK No one can say when sports began Since it is impossible to (1) _ a time when children did not spontaneously run races or wrestle, it is clear that children have always included sports in their play, but one can only speculate about the (2) _ of sports as autotelic physical contests for (3) _ Hunters are depicted in prehistoric art, but it cannot be known (4) _ the hunters pursued their prey in a mood of grim necessity or with the joyful abandon of sportsmen It is certain, (5) _, from the rich literary and iconographic evidence of all ancient civilizations that hunting soon became an end in itself at least for royalty and nobility Archaeological evidence also indicates that ball games were common among ancient people as (6) _ as the Chinese and the Aztecs If ball games were contests rather than (6) _ ritual performances, such as the Japanese football game Kemari, then they were sports in the most rigorously (7) _ sense That it cannot (8) _ be assumed that they were contests is clear from the evidence presented by Greek and Roman antiquity, which indicates that ball games had been for the most part playful pastimes (9) _ those recommended for healthy by the Greek physician Galen in the 2nd century AD Question A think B see C have D imagine Question A emergence B emerge C emergency D immersion Question A people B children C adults D society Question A when B whether C how D why Question A therefore B so C consequently D however Question A different B far C similar D old Question A competitive B competitively C noncompetitive D competition Question A definite B defined C definitive D definition Question A really B actually C usually D simply Question 10 A as B like C alike D of KEY D A C B D A C B D 10 B Sưu tầm: Thầy Linh Cani EXERCISE 2: CHOOSE CORRECT ANSWER TO EACH QUESTION Etymologically, anthropology is the science of humans In fact, however, it is only once of the sciences of humans, bringing together those disciplines the common aims of which are to describe human beings and explain them on the basis of the biological and cultural characteristics of the populations among which they are distributed and to emphasize, through time, the differences and variations of these populations The concept of race, on the one hand, and that of culture, on the other, have received special attention; and although their meaning is still subject to debate, these terms are doubtless the most common of those in the anthropologist’s vocabulary Anthropology, which is concerned with the study of human differences, was born after the Age of Discovery had opened up societies that had remained outside the technological civilization of the modern West In fact, the field of research was at first restricted to those societies that had been given one unsatisfactory label after another “savage”, “primitive”, “tribal”, “traditional”, or even “preliterate”, “prehistorical”, and so on What such societies had in common, above all, was being the most “different” or the most foreign to the anthropologist; and in the early phases of anthropology, the anthropologists were always European or North American The distance between the researcher and the object of his study has been a characteristic of anthropological research; it has been said of the anthropologists that he was the “astronomer of the sciences of man” Anthropologists today study more than just primitive societies Their research extends not only to village communities, within modern societies but also to cities, even to industrial enterprises Nevertheless, anthropology’s first field of research, and the one that perhaps remains the most important, shaped its specific point of view with regard to the other sciences of man and defined its theme If, in particular, it is concerned with generalizing about patterns of human behaviour seen in all their dimensions and with achieving a total description of social and cultural phenomena, this is because anthropology has observed small-scale societies, which are simpler or at least more homogeneous than modern societies and which change at a slower pace Thus they are easier to see whole What has just been said refers especially to branch of anthropology concerned with the cultural characteristics of man? Anthropology has, in fact, gradually divided itself into two major sphres, the study of man’s biological characteristics and the study of his cultural characteristics The reasons for this split are manifold, one being the rejection of the initial mistakes regarding correlations between race and culture More generally speaking, the vast field of 19th century anthropology was subdivided into a series of increasingly specialized disciplines, using their own methods and techniques, that were given different labels according to national traditions Question 1: According to the passage, anthropology is most likely defined as the study of _ A B C D one of the sciences of humans the biological and cultural characteristics of human beings the lives of people all over the world the distribution of human beings the world over Sưu tầm: Thầy Linh Cani Question 2: Which of the following is NOT stated in the passage? A B C D Anthropology has been subdivided into specialized disciplines Anthropology gives special attention to the concept of race Anthropology is concerned with the study of human differences Anthropologists are agreed on the meaning of race and culture Question 3: It is implied in the passage that the early anthropologists did research only on _ A large societies B modern groups C racial minorities D civilized societies Question 4: It can be inferred from the passage that anthropology was first developed in _ A Europe and North America B some primitive societies C some tribal societies D some prehistoric societies Question 5: Anthropologists of the early phases were regarded as the “astronomers of the sciences of man” because _ A B C D they also studied the sun, the moon, stars, planets, etc they also studied our planets as the sciences of man they did not belong to the societies into which they did research they applied the sciences of man to astronomy Question 6: According to the passage, modern anthropologists study _ A B C D only primitive and tribal societies both communities and modern societies only modern industrial societies both primitive and modern societies Question 7: The phrase “first field of research” in paragraph most likely refers to the study of _ A modern societies B primitive societies C large societies D industrial societies Question 8: Small societies are preferable to anthropological research because they are _ A B C D simple, homogenous, and change slowly small, isolated, and easy to study ancient, exotic, and interesting similar to primitive societies Question 9: It is mentioned in the passage that the split of anthropology into two major areas is partly due to _ A more knowledge to be gained B the development of the sciences of humans C the interpretation of race and culture Sưu tầm: Thầy Linh Cani D the development of modern anthropology Question 10: It is mentioned in the passage that anthropology began to divided into various disciplines in _ C the 20th century D the 19th century A prehistoric times B the Age of Discovery VOCABULARY • • • • • • • • • • generalize: khái quát hóa dimension: mặt, khía cạnh small-scale: phạm vi nhỏ homogeneous: đồng nhất, đồng primitive: nguyên thủy manifold: nhiều correlation: tương quan subdivide: chia nhỏ civilization: văn minh tribal: thuộc lạc KEY B D C A C D B A C 10 D Sưu tầm: Thầy Linh Cani EXERCISE 3: CHOOSE CORRECT ANSWER TO EACH QUESTION It may seem as if the art of music by its nature would not lend itself to the exploration and expression of really characteristic of Romanticism, but that is not so True, music does not tell stories or paint pictures, but it stirs feeling and evokes moods, through both of which various kinds of reality can be suggested or expressed It was in the rationalist 18th century that musicians rather mechanically attempted to reproduce stories and subjects in sound These literal renderings naturally failed, and the Romanticists profited from the error Their discovery of new realms of experience proved communicable in the first place because they were in touch with the spirit of renovation, particularly through poetry What Goethe meant to Beethoven and Berlioz and what German folk tales and contemporary lyricists meant to Weber, Schumann, and Schubert are familiar to all who are acquainted with the music of these men There is, of course, no way to demonstrate that Beethoven’s Egmont music or, indeed, its overture alone corresponds to Goethe’s drama and thereby enlarges the hearer’s consciousness of it; but it cannot be accident or an aberration that the greatest composers the period employed the resources of their art for the creation of works expressly related to such lyrical and dramatic subjects Similarly, the love of nature stirred Beethoven, Weber and Berlioz, and here too the correspondence is felty and persuades the fit listener that his own experience is being expanded The words of the creators themselves record this new comprehensiveness Beethoven referred to his activity of mingled of contemplation and composition as dichten, making a poem; and Berlioz tells in his Memoires of the impetus given to his genius by the music of Beethoven and Weber, by the poetry of Goethe and Shakespeare, and not least by the spectacle of nature Nor did the public that ultimately understood their works gainsay their claims It must be added that the Romantic musicians including Chopin, Mendelssohn, Glinka, and Liszt had at their disposal greatly improved instruments The beginning of the 19th century produced the modern piano, of greater range and dynamics than theretofore, and made all wind instruments more exact and powerful by the use of the keys and valves The modern full orchestra was the result Berlioz, whose classic treatise on instrumentation and orchestration helped to give it definite form, was also the first to exploit its resources to the full, in the Symphonic fantastique of 1830 This work, besides its technical significance just mentioned, can also be regarded as uniting the characteristics of Romanticism in music, it is both lyrical and dramatic, and, although it makes use of a “story”, that use is not to describe the scenes but to connect them; its slow movement is a “nature poem” in the Beethovenian manner; the second, fourth, and fifth movements include “realistic” detail of the most vivid kind; and the opening one is an introspective reverie Question 1: Music can suggest or express various kinds reality by _ A B C D telling stories or minting pictures stirring feelings and evoking moods exploring and expressing reality depicting nature and reality Question 2: The word “error” in paragraph refers to _ A the feelings and moods of the Romanticist musicians B the exploration and expression of reality of Romanticism Sưu tầm: Thầy Linh Cani C the works of the Romanticist musicians in the 18th century D musicians’ mechanical reproduction of stories and subjects Question 3: It is stated in the passage that the Romanticists were influenced by _ A B C D the works of the rationalist musicians in the 18th century Goethe, German folk tales and contemporary the thoughts of Beethoven, Weber, and Berlioz the art of music by the rationalist musicians Question 4: The word “accident” in paragraph is closet in meaning to _ A unplanned happening B collision or similar incident C unusual occurrence D unpleasant event Question 5: The passage indicates that the Romanticist composers were inspired not only by lyrical and dramatic subjects but also by _ A the rationalists B the creation of works C the love of nature D the poetry of Goethe Question 6: It can be inferred from the passage that Berlioz were _ A a rationalist musician B an English writer C a composer and critic D a German poet Question 7: The Romantic musicians also made use of modern technologies such as _ A improved wind instruments B powerful keys and valves C greater range and dynamics D instrumentation and orchestration Question 8: Romanticism in music is characterized as being _ A exact and powerful B realistic and vivid C great and dynamic D lyrical and dramatic Question 9: All of the following are true about the Symphonic fantastique EXCEPT _ A B C D It is both lyrical and dramatic It was composed by Beethoven It was issued in 1830 It unites the characteristics of Romanticism Question 10: According to the passage, Romanticism in music extended over _ A B C D the 18th and 19th centuries the late 18th century the early 19th century the beginning of the 20th century Sưu tầm: Thầy Linh Cani VOCABULARY • • • • • • • • • • rationalist: người theo chủ nghĩa lý reproduce: tái sản xuất, mô renovation: đổi mới, cải tiến aberration: lầm lạc mingle: trộn lẫn impetus: thúc đẩy spectacle: quang cảnh gainsay: nói trái lại overture: khúc mở introspective: nội tâm KEY B D B A C C 7 A D B 10 C Sưu tầm: Thầy Linh Cani EXERCISE 4: MARK THE LETTER A, B, C OR D TO FILL IN THE BLANK Why does English spelling have a reputation for being difficult? English was first written down when Christian monks came to England In Anglo-Saxon (1) They used the 23 letters of Latin to write down the sound of Anglo-Saxon (2) as they heard it However, English has a (3) range of basic sounds (over 40) than Latin The alphabet was too small, and so combinations of letters were needed to (4) the different sounds Inevitably, there were inconsistencies in the way that letters were combined With the Norman invasion of England, the English language was put at risk, English survived, but the spelling of many English words changed to follow French (5) , and many French words were introduced into the language The result was more irregularity When the printing press was (6) in the fifteenth century, many early printers of English texts spoke other first languages They made little effort to respect English spelling Although one of the short-term (7) of printing was to produce a number of variant spelling, in the long term it created fixed spellings People became used to seeing words spelt in the same way Rules were (8) , and dictionaries were put together which printers and writers could refer to However, spoken English was not fixed and continued to change slowly – just as it still does now Letters that were sounded in the Anglo-Saxon period, like the “k” in “knife”, now became (9) Also, the pronunciation of vowels then had little in common with how they sound now, but the way they are spelt hasn’t changed No (10) , then, that it is often difficult to see the link between sound and spelling Question A years B centuries C times D ages Question A speech B chat C discussion D communication Question A longer B wider C thicker D deeper Question A perform B tell C explain D express Question A plans B patterns C guides D types Question A take in B invented C made up D discovered Question A conclusions B effects C meanings D actions Question A filled in B handed out C drawn up D got across Question A silent B quiet C speechless D dumb Question 10 A wonder B problem C mention D idea Sưu tầm: Thầy Linh Cani KEY C A B D B B B C A 10 A Sưu tầm: Thầy Linh Cani EXERCISE 5: CHOOSE CORRECT ANSWER TO EACH QUESTION DESERTIFICATION Desertification is the degradation once-productive land into unproductive or poorly productive land Since the first great urban-agricultural centers in Mesopotamia nearly 6000 years ago, human activity has had a destructive impact on soil quality, leading to gradual desertification in virtually every area of the world It is a common misconception that desertification is caused by droughts Although drought does make land more vulnerable, well-managed land can survive droughts and recover, even in arid regions Another mistaken belief is that the process occurs only along the edges of deserts In fact, it may take place in any arid or semiarid region, especially where poor land management is practiced Most vulnerable, however, are the transitional zones between deserts and arable land; wherever human activity leads to land abuse in these fragile marginal areas, soil destruction is inevitable [1] Agriculture and overgrazing are the two major sources of desertification [2] Large-scale farming requires extensive irrigation, which ultimately destroys lands by depleting its nutrients and leaching minerals into the topsoil [3] Grazing is especially destructive to land because, in addition to depleting cover vegetation, herds of grazing mammals also trample the fine organic particles of the topsoil, leading to soil compaction and erosion [4] It takes about 500 years for the earth to build up centimeters of topsoil However, cattle ranching and agriculture can deplete as much as to centimeters of topsoil every 25 years – 60 to 80 times faster than it can be replaced by nature Salination is a type of land degradation that involves an increase in the salt content of the soil This usually occurs as a result of improper irrigation practices The greatest Mesopotamian empires – Sumer, Akkad and Babylon – were built on the surplus of the enormously productive soil of the ancient Tigris-Euphrates alluvial plain After nearly a thousand years of intensive cultivation, land quality was evident decline In response, around 2800 BC the Sumerians began digging the huge Tigris-Euphrates canal system to irrigate the exhausted soil A temporary gain in crop yield was achieved in this way, but over -irrigation was have serious and unforeseen consequences From as early as 2400 BC we find Sumerian documents referring to salinization as a soil problem It is believed that the fall of the Akkadian Empire around 2150 BC may have been due to a catastrophic failure in land productivity; the soil was literally turned into salt Even today, four thousand years later, vast tracks of salinized land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers still resemble rock-hand fields of snow Soil erosion is another form of desertification It is a self-reinforcing process; once the cycle of degradation begins, conditions are set for continual deterioration As the vegetative cover begins to disappear, soil becomes more vulnerable to raindrop impact Water runs off instead of soaking in to provide moisture for plants This further diminishes plan cover by leaching way nutrients from the soil As soil quality declines and runoff is increased, floods become more frequent and more severe Flooding washes away topsoil, the thin, rich, uppermost layer of the earth’s soil, and leaves finer underlying particles more vulnerable to wind erosion Topsoil contains the earth’s land-based biological activity occurs Without this fragile coat of nutrient-laden material, plan life cannot exist An extreme case of its erosion is found in the Sahel, a transitional zone between the Sahara Desert and the tropical African rain forests; home to some 56 million people Overpopulation and overgrazing have opened the hyperarid land to wind erosion, which is 10 Sưu tầm: Thầy Linh Cani stripping away the protective margin of the Sahel, and causing the desert to grow at an alarming rate Between 1950 and 1975, the Sahara Desert spread 100 kilometers southward through the Sahel Question 1: Which of the following statements is true about desertification? A B C D It was just as serious in the past as it is today Ancient societies managed the problem well It is a fairly recent problem It has a history as long as that of civilization Question 2: The word “arable” in paragraph is closet in meaning to A populated B settled C cultivatable D dry Question 3: According to the passage, many people’s understanding of desertification is incorrect because A B C D they not see it as being caused human activity they see it as being reversible they think of it as a very slow process they not think of it as a serious problem Question 4: Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the underlined sentence in the passage? A Most of the vulnerable areas in transition from desert to arable land, a process that because of human activity and the delicate nature of these areas, always leads to soil loss B It is the areas that exist between the deserts and the land that is usable for agriculture that are most at risk because they are susceptible to poor land management methods from human activity which will always result in the loss of soil C Soil loss in the transitional zones is especially severe where human activity is damaging the environment through agriculture which is causing the loss of soil D Human activity in the transition areas is vulnerable because of the fragile nature of these areas that are neither desert nor arable land because they have suffered damage to the soil Question 5: The word “compaction” in paragraph is closet in meaning to A depletion B compression C disruption D fragmentation Question 6: According to the passage, agriculture furthers desertification through which of the following activities? A Over fertilization B The repetitive planting of the same crops C The stripping away of native vegetation 11 Sưu tầm: Thầy Linh Cani D Irrigation Question 7: The word “degradation” in the paragraph is closet in meaning to A contribution B rejuvenation C consumption D deterioration Question 8: Paragraph of the passage serves mainly to which of the following? A B C D Propose a method for dealing with desertification problem Describe the main cause of desertification in one particular area Describe one process that leads to desertification Show the progress of desertification down through history Question 9: The word “leaching” in paragraph is closet in meaning to A washing B depositing C dispersing D concentrating Question 10: Look at numbers [1], [2], [3], [4] in paragraph of the passage Where would the following sentence best fit? Each furthers the process dramatically, but they act in quite different ways A [1] B [2] C [3] 12 D [4] Sưu tầm: Thầy Linh Cani VOCABULARY • • • • • • • • • • desertification: sa mạc hóa once-productive: suất trample: giẫm đạp, làm tổn hại cattle ranching: nông trại gia súc salination: ướp muối improper: khơng xác surplus: thừa misconception: hiểu lầm semiarid: bán khô cằn deterioration: thối hóa, xuống cấp KEY D C A B B D 13 D C A 10 B ... nông trại gia súc salination: ướp muối improper: khơng xác surplus: thừa misconception: hiểu lầm semiarid: bán khơ cằn deterioration: thối hóa, xuống cấp KEY D C A B B D 13 D C A 10 B