MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION Wor THAI VAN THO THE PROCESS OF STRUGGLING TO PRESERVE AND BUILD REVOLUTIONARY FORCES TOWARD DONG KHOI IN THE NAM BO (1954 - 1960) Major: History of Vietnam Code: 62 22 03 13 THE SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS ON HISTORY OF VIETNAM Ho Chi Minh City, 2020 THE THESIS WAS COMPLETED AT HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION The scientific supervisor: Assoc Prof Dr Ho Son Dai Reviewer 1: Assoc Prof Dr Tran Ngoc Long - Vietnam Military History Institute Reviewer 2: Assoc Prof Dr Tran Thuan - The University of Social Sciences and Humanities Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Reviewer 3: Dr Le Van Dat - Ho Chi Minh City University of Education The thesis will be protected at Ho Chi Minh City University of Education Council at………… hours ……… date ……… month ……… 2020 The thesis can be found at the library: - National Library of Vietnam - Library of Ho Chi Minh City University of Education - General Science Library of Ho Chi Minh City The lessons that the army and people of the Nam Bo created during the process of struggling to preserve and build revolutionary forces, toward Dong Khoi in the years 1954 - 1960 3.2 Scope of research In time, the process of struggling to preserve and build revolutionary forces, toward Dong Khoi in the Nam Bo from 1954 to 1960 In terms of space, which was the Nam Bo region in the administrative boundary at the time and the provinces in the Nam Bo at the present Rationale and research methods 4.1 Rationale Thesis was based on the basic viewpoints of Marxism - Leninism and Ho Chi Minh Thought; views, policies of the Communist Party of Vietnam on the revolutionary war and the people's war 4.2 Research Methods During the research process, we use the method of historical and logical method is mainly: Historical method, to revitalize basically and vigorously the process of vigorous struggle to preserve, build and develop the revolutionary forces, toward Dong Khoi in the Nam Bo in the period 1954 - 1960 based on the documents history published Logical method, conduct analysis and evaluation of the requirements and urgent tasks of the revolution in Nam Bo before the urgent demands at that time; analyzes creative and unique ways of fighting of the army and people of the Nam Bo; the results of the process of struggling to preserve and build the revolutionary forces, toward Dong Khoi in the years 1954 - 1960 At the same time, also analyzed the characteristics, roles, limitations and lessons of the army and people of the Nam Bo in practical revolutionary struggle in the period 1954 - 1960 In addition, we also use a combination of other research methods such as analysis, evaluation materials, etc to implement the thesis with depth and generalization of the research problem Research resources Published sources, including documents of the Communist Party of Vietnam, works of President Ho Chi Minh, leaders of the Party and State of Vietnam; the memoirs of politicians who led and directed in the Anti-American Resistance for National Salvation in the early years in the Nam Bo; published domestic and foreign research works and articles published in newspapers, magazines, etc related to the Vietnam war in general on the Anti-American Resistance for National Salvation of the people in the Nam Bo provinces, in particular Sources of archives, including reports, summaries, resolutions, official letters, directives, etc Party committees, authorities, and revolutionary organizations being archived at the Provincial Archives Center, Propaganda Department of the Provincial Party Committee, Military Command, Museums of provinces in the Nam Bo; Libraries of universities, Institutes in the Nam Bo region, Information and Documentation Department of the Vietnam Military History Institute and the Party Central Office Archive Office, Military Science Division Military Zone 7, Department of Science Military Studies Military Zone and resources from the U.S agencies and the Saigon government archived at the Vietnam National Archives Center, Ho Chi Minh City, etc The contributions of the thesis The thesis presents and analyzes the historical context and causes leading to the need to carry out the process of struggling to preserve and build revolutionary forces toward Dong Khoi in the Nam Bo (the Eastern and Western Nam Bo at the present) in the period 1954 - 1960 Restoring basically and vividly the process of struggling of the army and people of the Nam Bo to preserve and build revolutionary forces, toward Dong Khoi in the period 1954 - 1960 The thesis analyzes and shows clearly diverse struggle activities, creative and unique ways of struggling which were used by the army and people of the Nam Bo in the process of struggling to preserve and build revolutionary forces, toward Dong Khoi in the locality (1954 - 1960) The thesis contributes to the explanations why Dong Khoi movement broke out strongly in the Nam Bo, achieved more resounding victories than other localities of South Vietnam and it is considered the hometown of Dong Khoi movement throughout South Vietnam The thesis presents and analyzes clearly the characteristics, roles, limitations and lessons learned in the process of struggling to preserve and build revolutionary forces, toward Dong Khoi of the army and people of the Nam Bo region in the period 1954 1960 The thesis provides and introduces a large number of documents that can be used for reference, research or teaching local history of Nam Bo region At the same time, it also added a scientific document to serve the study and historical research related to the process of revolutionary struggle in the Nam Bo in the period 1954 - 1960 Structure of thesis In addition to the introduction, references, appendices, and content of the thesis include chapters: Chapter 1: Overview of research related to the thesic topic Chapter 2: The people of the Nam Bo struggling to preserve and build revolutionary forces in the years 1954 - 1959 Chapter 3: Development of revolutionary forces toward Dong Khoi in the Nam Bo (1959 - 1960) Chapter 4: Some remarks and evaluation of the process of struggling to preserve and build revolutionary forces, toward Dong Khoi in the Nam Bo (1954 - 1960) Chapter OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH RELATED TO THE THESIC TOPIC 1.1 Concepts used in the thesis 1.1.1 Revolutionary forces The revolutionary forces in the Nam Bo in the early stages of the Anti-American Resistance (1954 - 1960) includes the political forces of the masses with the people's armed forces of revolution In the political force, there exists the development and mass organization of mass organizations such as the youth, the farms, the patriarchs, the women, the children, the forces of the religion, the parties, etc and the base, a secret revolutionary organization operating in the locality Revolutionary armed forces including regular army, local army, guerrilla militia exist and develop in many different forms and it was originally formed from anti-robbery teams, anti-robbery guards, separatist armed forces, propaganda armed forces, etc then, it was strengthened, built and developed on a large scale by the Nam Bo Regional Committee to meet practical requirements of the revolutionary struggle 1.1.2 The struggling to preserve and build revolutionary forces The concept of “the struggling to preserve and build the revolutionary forces” presented in this thesis is the process of struggling of the army and people of the Nam Bo to preserve revolutionary forces that were previously arranged by the revolution after the Geneva Accords, 1954 (including organizations, locality Party, associations, mass organizations and even revolutionary cadres, party members, etc) as well as the process of rebuilding and developing revolutionary forces in the Nam Bo to suit the situation of new revolutionary struggle The process of struggling to preserve and build the revolutionary forces took place in the period from the last months of 1954 to the end of 1960 in the whole Nam Bo region 1.1.3 The Dong Khoi The Dong Khoi was the process of the army and people of South Vietnam in general and in the Nam Bo in particular from 1959 to 1960 “simultaneously uprising” struggling for the government, to attack directly on the dominant grip system of the Saigon government at the local level is strongly, continuous, widespread, experiencing many waves, the spirit of vigorous struggle and achieves great victories, control in most of the rural areas, making the army and the Saigon government at the local wobbly, numbness 1.2 History of problem research 1.2.1 Group general scientific works on the Anti-American Resistance for national salvation of the people of Vietnam 1.2.1.1 The research works of foreign authors The Anti-American Resistance for national salvation of the people of Vietnam (1954 - 1975) was interested by many foreign researchers to research, and published in many valuable scientific works and typical scientific works such as Viet Cong, The organization and techniques of the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam by Douglas Eugene Pike was Publisher Massachusetts Institute of Technology published in 1966; The Two Vietnams: A Political and Military analysis by Bernard B Fall published by Westview Press, 1984; The U.S government and the Vietnam war, part I, 1945 - 1961 published by the US Government Office, 1984 in Washington; Ronald H Spector's Advice and Support, published, 1985; Secrets: A Memoir of Vietnam and the Pentagon papers by Daniel Ellsberg published by National Political Publishing House, 1985; Vietnam: A history by Stanley Karnow was published by Penguin Books, 1997; Robert Strange McNamara (1995) In Retrospect: The Tragedy and Lessons of Vietnam published by Random House Publishing House; Anatomy of a war by Gabrien Kolko, translated by Nguyen Tan Cuu, was published by the People's Army Publishing House, 2003; Vietnam Declassified: The CIA and Counterinsurgency of Thomas L Ahern Jr was published by the University of Kentucky Press, 2010; Hanoi's road to the Vietnam war, 1954-1965 by Pierre Asselin was published in 2013 by the University of California Press; Misalliance: Ngo Dinh Diem, the United States, and the Fate of South Vietnam by Edward Miller published by the National Political Publishing House - Truth, Hanoi, 2016, etc 1.2.1.2 The research works of domestic authors Research works, articles and summaries of the anti-American resistance for national salvation of the people of Vietnam have been published by many domestic researchers over the past time including outstanding works such as those of authors Cao Van Luong, Bui Dinh Thanh, Nguyen Cong Binh, Bui Huu Khanh and Hoang Luong (1962) Eight years of heroic and arduous struggle of the people of South Vietnam Institute of History; the works, the in-depth analysis of the struggle against America of the people of South Vietnam are typical of the research works of professor Tran Van Giau (1964) South Vietnam kept strongly resilience, episodes Social Sciences Publishing House, Hanoi; Bui Dinh Thanh (1964) The struggling to liberate South Vietnam with a combination of political struggle and armed struggle Journal of Historical Studies, No 64; M.N (Tran Van Giau) (1966) Three front attack in people's the anti-American resistance and henchmen in South Vietnam Journal of Historical Studies, No 86; memoir No other way by Nguyen Thi Dinh (Women's Publishing House, 1969); To Minh Trung (1969) The first flag of the Dong Khoi movement in the whole South Vietnam Journal of Historical Studies, No 118; Quynh Cư (1980) Research about “political forces” of the masses in South Vietnam revolution (1954 - 1975) Journal of Historical Studies, No 3; author groups of Cao Van Luong, Pham Quang Toan and Quynh Cu (1981) Research about the Dong Khoi movement in South Vietnam Social Science Publishing House, Hanoi; Nguyen Thi Đinh (1985) Political struggle - A basic form of struggle, a sharp offensive advance of the revolution and the revolutionary war of South Vietnam Journal of Social Science Information, No 29; Cao Van Luong (1991) Revolutionary history of South Vietnam in the period 1954 - 1960 Social Science Publishing House, Hanoi; Many authors (1993) Under a common flag National Political Publishing House; The Steering Committee Summary of War under the Politburo (1995) Summary of the anti-American resistance for national salvation: Victory and lessons National Political Publishing House, Hanoi; Cao Van Luong (1995) Vietnamese History, 1954 - 1965 Social Science Publishing House, Hanoi; Tran Van Tra (2005) Ending the war 30 years People's Army Publishing House; Tran Trong Trung (2005) The White House with the war of invading in Vietnam National Political Publishing House; Le Hong Linh (2006) Wonderful the Dong Khoi in South Vietnam, 1959 - 1960 Danang Publishing House; Many authors (2012) South Vietnam - 21 years of the anti-American resistance Political Publishing House - Administration; Vietnam Institute of Military History (2013) History of the Anti-American Resistance for National Salvation (1954 - 1975) National Political Publishing House - Truth, Hanoi, etc 1.2.2 The group of scientific works on the Anti-American Resistance in the Nam Bo Relevant research works and articles on the Anti-American Resistance in the Nam Bo localities have been published quite extensively, such as Viet Hong's author (1974) Overview of the armed struggle and armed forces in the Nam Bo before the Dong Khoi (1959 - 1960) Journal of Historical Studies, No 155; Le Quoc San (1991) Miraculous fighting People's Army Publishing House, Hanoi; Vo Tran Nha (1993) History of Plain of Reeds Ho Chi Minh City Publishing House; Command of Military Zone (1996) Military Zone thirty years of resistance (1945 - 1975) People's Army Publishing House; Steering Committee of historic the anti-American resistance of Zone - Central Nam Bo (1997) The Central Nam Bo plain the Anti-American Resistance for National Salvation, episode 1; Command of Military Zone (1998) Military Zone thirty years of resistance (1945 - 1975) People's Army Publishing House; Steering Committee and Traditional Editorial Department of Western Nam Bo (2000) Thirty years of Western Nam Bo resistance (1945 - 1975); Propaganda Department of Tien Giang Provincial Party Committee (2003) Propagation Zone - Central Nam Bo (1959 - 1975), volumes; Eastern Nam Bo Regional History Compilation Council (2003) History of the Eastern Nam Bo Party Committee led the Anti-French colonialism Resistance and American imperialism (1945 - 1975) National Political Publishing House; Military Zone (2005) 60 years of armed forces military zone (1945 - 2005); The history of Resistance of women in the Nam Bo was published by the National Political Publishing House, 2006; In 2008, The history of the Western Nam Bo Resistance, volumes and 2, published by the National Political Publishing House; Ho Son Dai (2008) The Resistance (1945 - 1975) - viewed from the Nam Bo National Political Publishing House; Ha Minh Hong (2008) The Nam Bo region (1945 - 1975): Perspectives from the history of the Vietnam revolutionary war; Steering Committee for Editing History of the Nam Bo resistance (2010) History of the Nam Bo Resistance (1954 - 1975), volume National Political Publishing House; Institute of Police History (2010) Security history of Zone - Central Nam Bo in the Anti-American Resistance (1954 - 1975); Nguyen Quy (2015) History of the Nam Bo Regional Committee and the Central Office for South Vietnam (1954 - 1975) National Political Publishing House - Truth, etc 1.2.3 The group of scientific work directly referring to operations struggle to preserve and build revolutionary forces and the Dong Khoi in the Nam Bo The research works and articles directly related to the struggling to preserve and build forces and Dong Khoi in the Nam Bo including typical works and articles of agencies and authors, such as Quynh Cu (1985) The Dong Khoi in Ben Tre Ho Chi Minh City Publishing House; Military Headquarters of Tien Giang province (1988) Thirty years of resistance of the army and people of Tien Giang; Military Headquarters of Dong Thap province (1990) Thirty years of resistance of the army and people of Dong Thap (1945 - 1975); Long An Provincial Party Committee (1993) History of Kien Tuong the Anti-American Resistance for National Salvation (1954 - 1975); Tran Hai Phung and Luu Phuong Thanh (1994) History of Saigon - Cho Lon - Gia Dinh Resistance (1945 - 1975) Ho Chi Minh City Publishing House; In 1994, Long An Provincial Party Committee directed the compilation of History of Long An the AntiAmerican Resistance for National Salvation (1954 - 1975); Le Minh Dao (1998) On the plain battle, memoirs; In 1999, the People's Army Publishing House published The armed forces of Vinh Long province for 30 years of Resistance (1945 - 1975); Nguyen Minh Duong (2000) Looking back, end of life Propaganda Department of Tien Giang Provincial Party Committee published; The armed forces of Tay Ninh province (1954 1975), Department of Military History and Science of Tay Ninh Province was published, 2001; Trinh Thi Hong Hanh (2010) Political struggle in the Anti-American Resistance for National Salvation Journal of Party History, No 6; Ho Son Dai (2010) History of the people's armed forces of Binh Duong province (1945 - 2005) Ho Chi Minh City General Publishing House; In 2010, the People's Army Publishing House in Hanoi published History of the armed forces of Military Zone (1945 - 2010); Command of Military Zone (2011) History of U Minh base - 30 Resistance (1945 1975) People's Army Publishing House; Lam Quang Lang (2012) The Dong Khoi movement in An Giang National Political Publishing House - Truth, Hanoi; History of the armed forces of Ho Chi Minh City (1945 - 2015) published by People's Army Publishing House, 2016; Doctoral thesis The process of construction and operation of revolutionary armed forces in South Vietnam from 1954 to 1965, by Le Dinh Hung (Academy of Social Sciences, 2016), etc 1.3 Contents of inheritance and issues posed for the thesis 1.3.1 General comments on the research situation related to the thesis The documents and research works have been published in various forms from books, memoirs, theses, and researches to domestic and foreign articles and magazines, contents on the process of struggling to preserve and build the revolutionary forces in the Nam Bo in the basic general form The undertakings, comments, policies and struggling ways of the Vietnam revolution in the period 1954 - 1960, were synthesized and published quite fully through Party documents In addition, official dispatches, official messages, directing the war and the guidelines of anti-Communist struggle of the Saigon government were also announced, making an important contribution to help us carry out the implementation the thesis has depth, multidimensional, objective and general of research object 1.3.2 The content of inherited thesis The published scientific documents and arguments, issues on policies and ways of struggle of the Vietnam Workers Party to directing in the struggling to preserve and build the revolutionary forces in the Nam Bo in the years 1954 - 1960, we consulted, selectively inherited to carry out the thesis with depth and analyzed the most objective and full research object 1.3.3 Thesis issues need to be solved On the basis of acquiring and inheriting published studies, the thesis continues to analyze in depth and explanations to clarify the following issues: - The thesis presents and analyzes in depth the historical context, the causes lead to the requirements and tasks to carry out the process of the struggling to preserve and build the revolutionary force, toward Dong Khoi in the Nam Bo (1954 - 1960) - The restoring fully and honestly the process of struggling to preserve and build the revolutionary forces, toward Dong Khoi of the army and people of the Nam Bo in the years 1954 - 1960 in the locality - The analyzes the diverse, creative and unique ways of struggling of the Nam Bo 16 movements took place more and more frequently in many localities of the Nam Bo The “extermination of traitors” movement not only contributed to building the prestige of the revolutionary forces in the Nam Bo but also created favorable conditions for the process of re-establishing and restoring the former revolutionary armed units the fierce attacks and raids of the Saigon government In the years 1957 - 1959, despite severe oppression, persecution from the Ngo Dinh Diem government, the revolutionary forces suffered serious losses but with the strongly will to fight, intellect and creativity, the army and the people of the Nam Bo gradually overcame a dangerous situation to restore and re-establish revolutionary armed forces besides the political struggle movement which is still maintained and strengthened The initial coordination between political struggles and armed struggles and “troop proselytizing” operations during this time was an important premise to help the army and people of the Nam Bo quickly rebuild and develop revolutionary forces in localities, creating favorable conditions for the Dong Khoi climax to take place strongly throughout the whole region thereafter 2.4 Forms, unique and creative ways of struggle of the army and people in the Nam Bo in the process of struggling to preserve and build the revolutionary forces in the years 1954 - 1959 In the years 1954 - 1959, the army and people of the Nam Bo applied various forms and ways of struggle to preserve and build the revolutionary forces It is the flexibility and creativity in activities enlisted forces breakaway sect against Diem, gather forces to attack the Saigon government; establishing teams, groups of mass to operate publicly to preserve and build revolutionary forces in localities; using self-made weapons to create prestige, to preserve and build forces; established revolutionary bases and development activities in remote areas of the Nam Bo to struggle against the Saigon government; set up revolutionary facilities and expanding activities within the agencies of the Saigon government from the local to the Central; applying diverse and coordinated ways of struggle from political struggles to self-defense armed struggles and promoting “troop proselytizing” operations combined in the localities, etc Chapter DEVELOPMENT OF REVOLUTIONARY FORCES TOWARD DONG KHOI IN THE NAM BO (1959 - 1960) 3.1 Historical context and the policies of the Vietnam Workers Party 17 3.1.1 The revolutionary situation in the Nam Bo in 1959 By the beginning 1959, the revolutionary struggle movement of the army and people of the Nam Bo region entered a new era with important changes The Sai Gon government intensified the repression and fierce terror, causing a great mass of people to be extremely indignant and ready to fight back Through brutal repressive campaigns, the Republic of Vietnam government also showed its failure in its ruling policies throughout the South Vietnam in general and in the Nam Bo in particular Especially in rural areas, the dominance of the Ngo Dinh Diem government was no longer as solid as in the years 1955 - 1958, but instead was bewildered, worried and wavered by the majority of the main officials in the localities The Saigon government was in crisis, weakened, most government officials quit their jobs or were eradicated in the locality The revolutionary situation in the Nam Bo in early 1959 was really ripe The brutal suppression and terrorism of the Saigon government pushed the people of the Nam Bo into a predicament and the endurance of them to the limit of explosion 3.1.2 Resolution 15 of the Party Central Committee and the policy of the Nam Bo Regional Committee By early 1959, the revolutionary movement of the masses seething across the South Vietnam in general and in the Nam Bo in particular On January 12, 1959, in Hanoi, the 15th Conference of the Party Central Committee (Session II) was organized The Resolution of the 15th Conference is of great significance and historical significance The resolution correctly reflects and promptly resolves the urgent requirements of the revolution in the Nam Bo in a really ripe situation, meeting the earnest aspirations of cadres, soldiers and a large number of people in the Nam Bo at that time, creating an important turning point in the development of South Vietnam revolution In November 1959, the Nam Bo Regional Committee organized the 4th Conference to thoroughly grasp Resolution 15 and issue resolutions on the tasks of revolution in the locality In implementing the Party Central Committee's Resolution 15 and the 4th Resolution of the Nam Bo Regional Committee, from late 1959 to mid-June 1960, partial uprising activities took place strongly in many Nam Bo regions and achieve great victories To July, 1960, the 5th Conference of the Nam Bo Regional Committee set out the policy of simultaneous uprising throughout the region in September, 1960, on the anniversary of the Nam Bo resistance to launch the movement strongly and widespread in all strata 3.2 Development of revolutionary forces to prepare the Dong Khoi 3.2.1 Strengthening to build the Party organizations and the revolutionary mass organizations 18 By October, 1959, the Nam Bo Regional Committee issued a resolution on consolidating the Party cell in the new situation In the first months, 1960, the strengthening of Party and Youth Union development achieved important results The Party Committees in turn were restored and promoted to develop in parallel with the progress of the Dong Khoi movement in the Nam Bo in the years 1959 - 1960 By November, 1960, the Nam Bo Regional Committee continued issuing instructions on strengthening construction of Party organizations at the localities Thus, in the years 1959 - 1960, the process of building and developing Party organizations and revolutionary organizations was intensified in parallel with the Dong Khoi movement of the army and people of the Nam Bo and achieved great victories 3.2.2 Development of political forces and the armed forces, to strengthen “troop proselytizing” operations By early 1959, especially, with the Party Central Committee's Resolution 15 with the spirit and suggestive content “allowing armed”, the movements of political struggle and revolutionary armed force developing in the Nam Bo From the middle of 1959 onwards, the political struggle movement of the people of the Nam Bo in both rural and urban areas grew strongly The people's direct struggles with the Saigon army at the locality to struggle terrorism, against land grabs, demand the resignation of Saigon government officials or force the above leader to dismiss officials below the evil temperate caused many crimes to the people took place drastically The struggles took place throughout the provinces in the Nam Bo, creating a great impact and achieved important results: in the Central Nam Bo, from early 1959 to early 1960, the process of struggling to build and develop political forces and armed forces is strongly promoted In the Western Nam Bo, since mid-1959, the activities of struggling against “extermination of traitors” and destroying the fort of the Saigon government took place regularly in the provinces, making an important contribution to the process of struggling to build and develop political forces and armed forces in the whole region In the Eastern Nam Bo, at the end of 1959 to promote the Dong Khoi movement and have more weapons to quickly develop revolutionary forces, the Nam Bo Regional Committee decided to attack and destroy Tua Hai base (Tay Ninh) of the Saigon government The battle of Tua Hai base ended with a resounding victory of the revolutionary armed forces of the Eastern Nam Bo and shortly thereafter the Dong Khoi movement takes place the Eastern Nam Bo in 1960 From mid-1959 onwards, in parallel with political movements and armed struggles, which were promoted in many localities of the Nam Bo region, highlighted the important role of the “troop proselytizing” operations The “troop proselytizing” operations was conducted effectively in the Nam Bo in the years 1954 - 1960, making an important contribution to preserve and build strongly revolutionary force in the locality, creating a favorable premise for the revolutionary movement in Nam Bo to develop The “troop proselytizing” operations combined political struggle and armed struggle helped the army and people of the Nam Bo achieve great victories in the Dong Khoi movement from 1959 to 1960 19 3.3 The Dong Khoi movement in the Nam Bo 3.3.1 The Dong Khoi in Ben Tre and provinces of Central Nam Bo and Western Nam Bo Strongly armed attacks in localities in late 1959 contributed to the explosion of the Dong Khoi climax which erupted throughout the Central Nam Bo and Western Nam Bo, the highest peak, most typical of the uprising mass movement to subvert the Sai Gon government, control of the hamlet, it was strongly the Dong Khoi movement with the intellect and creativity of the Ben Tre army and people in early 1960 On January 17, 1960, the Dong Khoi in Ben Tre province began and during the year of the Dong Khoi, the army and the people of Ben Tre achieve great victories: destroying the forced withdrawal of 210 fort, killing and injuring 1,700 soldiers, arresting 300 soldiers disbanding with 1,800 soldiers, collecting 1,700 guns of all kinds, releasing basically 72 communes In a total of 105 communes out of 300 hamlets out of a total of 500 hamlets throughout the province, completely liberated 40,000 people out of a total of 63,000 in 1960 Constructing two companies of provincial army, two platoons of one platoon in each district teams and communes have a guerrilla platoon, build and consolidate and develop Party organizations in localities From Ben Tre, the Dong Khoi movement quickly spread to Central Nam Bo and Western Nam Bo provinces The army and people of the Central Nam Bo rebelled continuously, one after another in 1960 The revolutionary forces of the region attacked, broke and collapsed most of the apparatus of clamping, suppressing and terrorizing people of the Saigon government in the countryside The revolution liberated and dominated most of the vast rural areas, creating a continuity between districts in the province, between provinces and interprovinces, regions, bases and corridors The revolutionary forces of the Central Nam Bo to develop strongly In the Western Nam Bo, from the beginning of 1960 to before September, 1960, the army and people in the local uprising to control many areas of 59 communes and 500 hamlets with 400,000 people The resounding victory in the Dong Khoi movement in Ben Tre not only contributes made the explosion of the Dong Khoi movement in the provinces of the Mekong Delta, but also had a strongly impact on the revolutionary movement in the Eastern Nam Bo 3.3.2 The victory of Tua Hai and the Dong Khoi movement in the provinces of the Eastern Nam Bo The resounding victory in Tua Hai in early 1960 activated the Dong Khoi movement to erupt throughout the Eastern Nam Bo with strongly struggling spirit The army and people of the Eastern Nam Bo simultaneously attacked, dealt a blow to the Ngo Dinh Diem government's system of governance in the countryside and achieve great victories The Dong Khoi movement of the army and people of the Eastern Nam Bo shook and collapsed a large segment of the domination system that controlled the people at the locality of the Saigon government, liberating many communes and hamlets At the same time, it also created big change for the situation revolutionary in Southeast then And together with the Central Nam Bo and Western Nam Bo, the army and people of the Eastern Nam Bo contributed greatly to the overall victory of the Dong 20 Khoi movement throughout South Vietnam After more than a year of conducting the Dong Khoi, by the end of 1960, the Dong Khoi movement of the army and people of the Nam Bo region disintegrated most of the rural base structure of the Saigon government In 1,193 communes throughout the Nam Bo, there were 895 communes with 10 million turns of insurgents breaking the grip, establishing self-government In many places in the Nam Bo, the Saigon government at the commune exists but it is only a form and the power is reduced In the course of the Dong Khoi movement, liberating armed forces formed and developed In the Dong Khoi movement in the years 1959 - 1960, the army and the people of the Nam Bo also used many unique and creative ways to struggle and it became the lessons of struggle for the army and people of South Vietnam to study and apply in revolutionary struggle across the region thereafter 3.3.3 The impacts and effects of the Dong Khoi movement in the Nam Bo to South Vietnam’s localities The simultaneously uprising of the army and people of the Nam Bo (1959 - 1960) not only achieve great victories but also had positive impacts and effects on localities throughout South Vietnam The Dong Khoi movement in the Nam Bo had a great influence, strongly promoting the insurgency movement to attack the ruling system at the base of the Saigon government throughout South Vietnam The victory of the Dong Khoi movement in the Nam Bo accelerated the upward movement of the army and people in South Vietnam, notably in the provinces of Central Trung Bo, South Trung Bo and Tay Nguyen The Dong Khoi movement in the Nam Bo (1959 - 1960) have an important role in the early stage of the Anti-American Resistance for National Salvation of the people of Vietnam 3.4 The forms and ways of creative struggle and unique in the Dong Khoi movement in the Nam Bo In the Dong Khoi movement in the Nam Bo, the army and people in the locality have used many forms and methods of creative and unique struggle, consistent with the position and power of each locality, creating positive effects, contributing to the great victory of the Dong Khoi in the whole region It is the use of pre-emptive military strikes, posing and spearheading political movements of the masses in localities with strong armed forces, or political struggles combined with armed struggles; creatively apply the combination of three frontal attack: political, military and “troop proselytizing” operations; “Reverse evacuation” a unique form of struggle in the Dong Khoi movement in the Nam Bo; strong and drastic and effective struggle of “the LongHaired Army” (the Nam Bo women's force) with miraculous power makes the Saigon government to be embarrassing to deal with; “struggling by arm to the Saigon army”, “unarmed arms” struggling the enemy army; performing diversionary tricks to deceive the Saigon army in the Dong Khoi movement in some localities of the Nam Bo, etc 21 Chapter SOME REMARKS AND EVALUATION OF THE PROCESS OF STRUGGLING TO PRESERVE AND BUILD REVOLUTIONARY FORCES, TOWARD DONG KHOI IN THE NAM BO (1954 - 1960) 4.1 Characteristics 4.1.1 The Nam Bo is the place the army and the Saigon government fought the most fiercely, the revolutionary forces suffered the most damage In the period 1954 - 1960, the Saigon government continuously launched terrorist campaigns, swept, raided fiercely into the struggle movements and revolutionary bases with high intensity and dense density throughout Nam Bo region A series of fierce sweeping and raiding campaigns of the Saigon army and government made the revolutionary forces in the Nam Bo seriously damaged From 1955 to 1958, in the Nam Bo, about 70,000 cadres and party members were killed, nearly 900,000 cadres and people were arrested, imprisoned, nearly 200,000 were tortured into injuries, only about 5,000 compared to the previous 60,000 party members As a result of the fierce suppression, terrorism and raid operations from the Saigon army and government, the movement and revolutionary forces in the Nam Bo suffered great losses 4.1.2 The Nam Bo is the place to contact early the policies of struggling to preserve and build revolutionary force and armed struggle of the Vietnam Workers Party The Nam Bo is the place the Nam Bo Regional Committee stands to work to lead and direct revolutionary struggle movements in South Vietnam Therefore, from the very early days of the revolutionary struggle policies and methods directed by the Party Central Committee, promulgated and disseminated to the whole South Vietnam, especially the policies of revolutionary armed struggle, the Nam Bo is first contacted 4.1.3 The participants in the struggling to preserve and build diverse revolutionary forces consists of farmers, workers, intellectuals, students and soldiers both parties, sects The process of struggling to preserve and build revolutionary force, toward Dong Khoi in the Nam Bo (1954 - 1960) has a rich and diverse participant The force participating in the struggle against the army and the Saigon government includes many strata in society from farmers, workers, intellectuals, students to the army of parties and sects in the Nam Bo Among those involved in the struggling, farmers and workers account for the largest number and they are the core force of the revolution In addition, in the process of struggling to preserve and build revolutionary forces in the Nam Bo in the years 1954 - 1960, there was the participation of a part of the armed forces of parties 22 and sects and through education by the revolution together to fight against the Saigon government 4.1.4 Forms of struggling to preserve and build rich revolutionary forces from the political struggle, armed struggle, “troop proselytizing” operations to the struggling of press publicity forces in Saigon In the process of struggling to preserve and build revolutionary forces in the Nam Bo in the years 1954 - 1960, there was richness, diversity and creativity in various forms of struggle The forms of struggling to preserve and build revolutionary forces of the army and people of the Nam Bo are consistent with the characteristics, the position and power of each locality and gradually improve the methods of fighting over time In the years 1954 - 1960, the Nam Bo is considered the first locality in South Vietnam, where the birth and creative use of the method of political struggle combined with “troop proselytizing” and armed support (also known as “three frontal attack”: political struggle, armed struggle and troop proselytizing) The process of struggling to preserve and build revolutionary forces of the army and people of the Nam Bo in the period 1954 - 1960 also took place vigorously and fiercely on the battle public press 4.1.5 The culmination of the process of struggling to preserve and build revolutionary forces is the Dong Khoi movement, contributing to creating a great transition on the battlefield of South Vietnam The process of struggling to preserve and build revolutionary forces of the army and people of the Nam Bo in the years 1954 - 1959 led to the Dong Khoi climax erupting with strong offensive spirit in the whole region in 1960 and achieve great victories with important meanings The victory of the Dong Khoi movement in the Nam Bo is not only reflected in the liberation of many communes and hamlets, destroying many fort of the Saigon government in localities, not only the recovery, consolidation and development revolutionary forces, most importantly, the resounding victory of the Dong Khoi movement in the Nam Bo, which has a large and widespread spillover effect and strongly encourages the Dong Khoi movement taking place throughout South Vietnam The victory of the Dong Khoi movement in the Nam Bo in the years 1959 1960 not only opened a big turning point the revolutionary struggle in the local but also contributed to created a big transition on the battlefield of South Vietnam: to preserve revolutionary forces to attack 4.2 Roles 4.2.1 Contributing to exposing the nature, conspiracy and tricks of the U.S imperialism and the Saigon government, and at the same time limiting the loss of revolutionary forces when the Saigon government did not implement the Geneva Accords, 1954 The process of struggling of the army and people of the Nam Bo after the Geneva 23 Accords contributed to exposing the nature, conspiracy and invasion tactics of the U.S empire as well as the brutality of the Saigon government Not only exposing the nature, conspiracy, tricks and malevolent intentions of the U.S government, the process of struggling to preserve and build revolutionary forces, toward Dong Khoi of the army and people of the Nam Bo in the years 1954 - 1960 also contributed to limiting the losses of the revolutionary forces when the Saigon government stepped up terrorist campaigns, suppressed and fiercely defeated the revolutionary movement in the locality 4.2.2 Gathers numerous forces including farmers, workers, intellectuals, sectarian soldiers, etc into a common front against the U.S - Diem The process of struggling to preserve and build revolutionary forces of the army and people of the Nam Bo in the years 1954 - 1960 brought into play the combined strength of many forces participating in the society from farmers, workers and intellectuals to the soldiers of the sectarian The numerous participation of these components in the Nam Bo society creates a great synergy for the army and people of the Nam Bo to not only struggling to conserve their forces against the fierce acts of terrorism of the Saigon army but also create favorable conditions to promote the development of revolutionary forces in the locality 4.2.3 Creating a base system as a base to protect and develop forces and to be the local revolutionary base for the revolutionary war in the Nam Bo The reestablishment, expansion and systematic construction of revolutionary bases in the Nam Bo, stretching from the Western Nam Bo to the Eastern Nam Bo in the years 1954 - 1960 is the most vivid evidence for flexibility, the creativity of the army and people of the Nam Bo in the process of struggling to preserve and build revolutionary forces The revolutionary bases, “illegal bases”, “forest villages” exist and operate against the Saigon government in the localities, it is an important premise leading to the recovery and rapid development of revolutionary forces as well as the rear become revolutionary in place for revolutionary war in Nam Bo then 4.2.4 Building revolutionary armed forces, create conditions for development of the level three armed forces (the regular army, the local army and the guerrilla militia), contributed to the transformation South Vietnam revolution from revolt to revolutionary war Activities struggling rich, vibrant and strong to preserve and develop the revolutionary forces of the army and people of the Nam Bo in the years 1954 - 1960 to create favorable conditions for the strong development of the level three armed forces (the regular army, the local army and the guerrilla militia) throughout the Nam Bo region then The process of struggling to preserve and build revolutionary forces of the army and people of the Nam Bo in these years led to the reestablishment and development of the revolutionary armed forces, creating a great victory of the Dong Khoi movement in the Nam Bo in the years 1959 - 1960, contributed to transforming 24 the revolution in South Vietnam from to preserve forces to attack and from the uprising to the revolutionary war 4.2.5 The Dong Khoi in the Nam Bo contributing to create the climax of political struggle with armed struggle and “troop proselytizing” operations combined throughout South Vietnam The Dong Khoi movement in the Nam Bo in the years 1959 - 1960 contributed to the creation of a political struggle with armed struggle and “troop proselytizing” operations throughout South Vietnam then It was the popularity and the strong development of this struggling climax that the army and people of South Vietnam gradually defeated the mighty coalition of the world - the U.S army with their allies and the Saigon army, toward to liberate South Vietnam and reunification 4.3 Limitations of the process of struggling to presere and build revolutionary forces, toward Dong Khoi in the Nam Bo (1954 - 1960) 4.3.1 After the Geneva Accords, 1954, some locality in the Nam Bo were not fully aware of the nature and conspiracy of the U.S and the Saigon government After 1954, in some locality in the Nam Bo, in a part of cadres, party members still had subjective psychology, too trusting in the possibility of consultation and general election to unify the two South - North Vietnam under the provisions of the Geneva Accords, making them somewhat subjective, caught off guard revolutionary Some cadres and party members are also not fully aware, timely nature, conspiracy, tricks of aggression of the U.S government and the Saigon government, in order to permanently divide Vietnam plus the unprepared on ideological work for the majority of cadres and party members as well as lack of propaganda and dissemination, clearly explaining to the masses the right situation of the revolutionary at that time, on the guidelines, polycies and directions struggles of the Central Committee and the Nam Bo Regional Committee in some places in the Nam Bo Therefore, there was no negotiation, the general election took place and the Saigon government stepped up terrorist activities, suppression and fierce raids on the movements and revolutionary forces in this locality, making a part of cadres and party members surprised and passive, leading to the loss of large forces, the struggling movements also largely disintegrated at the increasing pace of the Saigon government 4.3.2 In the years 1954 - 1956, focusing on political struggle without actively to build the armed forces and revolutionary bases In the years 1954 - 1956, while Ngo Dinh Diem tried to establish a dominant government in the localities, the revolution only conducted the movement of peaceful political struggle merely without preparation, consolidation and building up necessary revolutionary forces, especially, to build armed forces and revolutionary bases Therefore, until the brutal fascist nature of the Saigon government revealed after 1956, 25 the revolution was in a passive position and suffered a great loss of force due to the fierce fighting by the Saigon army 4.3.3 From the end of 1956 onwards, the Nam Bo Regional Committee was slow to advise, lack of initiative in setting suitable contents to struggle, and was still passive waiting for the policy of superior authorities The Nam Bo Regional Committee is the agency directly responsible for the local revolution which should immediately advise the Central Committee about the major changes of the revolutionary situation as well as propose suitable new forms of struggle and more efficient but slow in advising, thus resulting in massive losses to the revolutionary force Instead of promoting the spirit of initiative, creativity, daring to think, dare to and dare to take responsibility before the Central Committee of the revolutionary leaders in the Nam Bo Regional Committee as well as in some passive localities, expectation of the Central Committee's struggling direction, it has caused the local struggle movements as well as revolutionary forces to be seriously damaged by the acts of terrorism of the Sai Gon army 4.3.4 In the years 1957 - 1959, when moving up combining political struggles with self-defense armed struggle was not carried out simultaneously in the whole region When moving up to combine political struggle with self-defense armed struggle, at first many places in the Nam Bo did not dare to boldly use armed to deal with the Saigon army, so many armed self-defense units revolutionized disintegrated, dispersed The movement in the village was severely terrorized, the self-defense organizations in the village gradually disappeared In the thought of a part of cadres and party members, especially in the armed forces, there was skepticism and disbelief in the directions and the motto of the struggle at that time It was the half-hearted thought that did not dare to combine boldly with political struggle with self-defense and skepticism about the Party Central Committee's policies, in addition, the Nam Bo Regional Committee had not allowed it to be completely transformed into armed activities, only operating in the form of limited propaganda, resulted in the inactive units being forced to disperse, some units were seriously damaged, causing the movement and revolutionary forces suffered great losses 4.3.5 When conducting the Dong Khoi, focusing mainly on rural areas but not on urban areas in order to create resonant power throughout the Nam Bo The Dong Khoi movement in the Nam Bo only took place largely in rural areas and there was no coordination of mass uprising struggle between rural areas and political struggles in urban areas, thus limiting great victories more of the movement If there is coordination in the rural struggles with the political struggles in the cities in the Nam Bo, it will contribute to stretching the enemy army, reducing the strength of the Saigon army in many localities, creating conditions for the Dong Khoi of the army and people of the Nam Bo to achieve greater victories 26 4.4 Some lessons 4.4.1 Always upholding the spirit of revolutionary vigilance, being aware of the exact nature and conspiracy of the enemy and setting a timely and suitable ways of struggle for the revolutionary situation Being aware of the true nature and conspiracy of the U.S and the Saigon government, always upholding the spirit of revolutionary vigilance and setting appropriate ways of struggling, even though the Saigon army conducts many activities fierce oppression, terrorism still cannot extinguish and completely eliminate the strong struggle movements of the people of the Nam Bo as well as the revolutionary forces from 1954 to 1960 In that years, the army and people of the Nam Bo applied creatively and diversified forms of struggle and suited to reality With these flexible and creative struggling methods, the army and people of the Nam Bo region not only to preserve the revolutionary forces but also to build and develop the revolutionary forces, creating the Dong Khoi successfully in the localities from 1959 to 1960 This lessons was applied effectively by the army and people of South Vietnam in the actual struggling on the battlefield thereafter 4.4.2 Promoting the synergy of all revolutionary forces, which focus the role of “the Long Haired Army” (the Nam Bo women's force) In the reality of the struggling to preserve and build revolutionary forces, toward Dong Khoi of the army and the people of the Nam Bo in the years 1954 - 1960, the combined strength of all revolutionary forces was strongly promoted, among which on the role and great contribution of “the Long Haired Army” - the Nam Bo women's force The Nam Bo women's force contributed greatly in protecting, preserving and building the revolutionary force in the region from 1954 to 1960 The Nam Bo women's force is “the Long Haired Army” who struggled vigorously and fiercely against the oppression and terrorism of the Saigon army, a strong political army that actively and effectively supported successful armed struggle activities in the Nam Bo in the years 1954 - 1960 “The Long Haired Army” was no different from a “special army” in the Nam Bo and they fought to struggle strongly against the Saigon government when the Party gathered and directed, leading the struggle during the Anti-American Resistance for National Salvation 4.4.3 Proactive, flexible, creative use of combined measures struggle to preserve, build and develop revolutionary forces After the Geneva Accords, 1954, the Nam Bo Regional Committee actively took the opportunity to promote political and peace movements throughout the region, taking advantage of the revolutionary legitimacy and legal provisions the agreement stipulates that the Geneva Accords aims to build a revolutionary prestige in localities To being proactive, flexible, creative and using a combination of struggle measures to preserve, build and develop revolutionary forces from 1954 to 1960, the army and the people of 27 the Nam Bo region achieved great victories, the highest peak and the most typical was the resounding victory of the Dong Khoi movement in the years 1959 - 1960 throughout the region The initiative, flexibility, creativity, and use of combined measures struggle to preserve, build and develop revolutionary forces are not only great lessons in the revolutionary struggle of the army and people of the Nam Bo that also of South Vietnam 4.4.4 Combining the building of the armed forces with the building of bases and building “the battle array in the hearts of the people” In the process of the struggling to preserve and build revolutionary forces in the years 1954 - 1960, the army and people of the Nam Bo carried out the building and development of the armed forces in parallel with the re-establishment, expansion and building bases to take place the revolutionary movement forward Promoting the building and development of revolutionary armed forces as well as the process of reestablishing bases as bases for the offensive activities against the Saigon government of the army and people of the Nam Bo is very necessary, meeting the urgent requirements of the revolutionary struggle Through the process of struggling to preserve and build revolutionary forces, toward Dong Khoi of the army and people of the Nam Bo in the period 1954 - 1960, shows the importance as well as the role and great significance of the building and development to “the battle array in the hearts of the people” in the revolutionary war Building and promoting firmly “the battle array in the hearts of the people” was one of the great victories of the revolutionary leaders in the Nam Bo in the years 1954 - 1960 and this contributed significantly to the overall victory of the struggling against the Saigon government throughout the region 4.4.5 Always keep the spirit of struggling revolutionary, constantly develop the offensive In the period 1954 - 1960, despite facing fierce oppression and terrorism from the Saigon government, the army and people of the Nam Bo region still maintained the spirit of struggling revolutionary and constantly develop the offensive In the years 1959 - 1960, the Nam Bo Regional Committee led and launched a large mass of people in unison to rise up and proceed with the Dong Khoi victory The revolutionary movement created by the army and people of the Nam Bo in the years 1959 - 1960 has a large spread, the victory in this locality is a catalyst, a source of encouragement for localities in the Nam Bo to rise up strongly attacked, and disintegrating large pieces of the domination system of the Ngo Dinh Diem government at the locality CONCLUSION 28 The process of struggling to preserve and build revolutionary forces toward Dong Khoi in the Nam Bo (1954 - 1960) was carried out fairly early, strongly and vigorously with many participants from numerous farmers and workers, students, students, intellectuals to soldiers of all parties and sects, forming a great power in a common front against the U.S - Diem with many diverse and diverse forms of struggle the ingenious, creative and heroic fighting spirit of the army and people there The process of struggling to preserve and build revolutionary forces toward Dong Khoi of the army and people of the Nam Bo (1954 - 1960), achieved great success as a result of a long and creative preparation process of the Party, the whole army and the people of the Nam Bo Strategies to respond soon to be formed from the early days when the U.S - Diem conducted to establish a “national” throughout South Vietnam until nature dictatorial, fascist “national” was pushed up to culminating in 1959, shortly after that Dong Khoi movement broke out strongly in the whole Nam Bo region The process of struggling to preserve and build revolutionary forces in the Nam Bo in the years 1954 - 1960 also created a system of bases to connect the localities of the Nam Bo and from the Nam Bo to the Southern Highlands and South Trung Bo went to the Central Committee, which has an important strategic role in leading and directing the struggle during the Anti-American Resistance for National Salvation of the people of South Vietnam afterwards At the same time, this struggle process of the army and people of the Nam Bo also contributed significantly to promoting the rebuilding of the revolutionary armed forces, creating favorable conditions for the development of the level three armed forces (the regular army, the local army and guerrilla militia) in the locality and the whole South Vietnam The culmination of the struggling to preserve and build the revolutionary forces (1954 - 1960) was the Dong Khoi movement, which broke out strongly and continuously as “the revolutionary wave surges” with intense destructive power, creating effective signals spread throughout the region, shaking and disintegrating large pieces of the system of governance and clamping down the people of the Saigon government at the locality Starting from partial uprising in each locality with many diverse and creative methods of attack, the Dong Khoi movement in the Nam Bo contributed to the climax of political struggle with struggle armed and “troop proselytizing” operations combined in the whole South Vietnam Besides the victories, the process of struggling to preserve and build revolutionary forces, toward Dong Khoi in the Nam Bo (1954 - 1960), still had certain limitations That is the subjectivity, lack of revolutionary vigilance of some cadres and party members in some localities of the Nam Bo; the lack of advice, lack of initiative in setting content and methods of struggling to suit with the situation, not promoting all the dynamism, creativity, daring to think, dare to and dare to take responsibility of the Nam Bo Regional Committee and a number of Party Committees in leading, directing the struggle, still passively, expecting the direction of their superiors; In important 29 times, the struggle activities are not carried out simultaneously in some localities in the Nam Bo, etc Although there were certain limitations, the process of struggling to preserve and build revolutionary forces, toward Dong Khoi in the Nam Bo (1954 - 1960) left many lessons for struggling not only for the army and people in the locality but also that was used by the army and people of South Vietnam in the revolutionary struggle on the battlefield then and achieve great victories It can be affirmed that the process of struggling to preserve and build revolutionary forces, toward Dong Khoi in the period 1954 - 1960 of the army and people of the Nam Bo has achieve great victories, contributing to creating an important turning point, turning revolutionary situation in South Vietnam: moving from passive position, preserving forces to attacking position, from insurrection to revolutionary war and pushing the U.S - Diem regime into a constant crisis then LIST OF PUBLISHED SCIENTIFIC WORKS RELATED TO THE THESIS Thai Van Tho (2013) “The process of struggling to preserve forces toward Dong Khoi in Long An (1954 - 1960)” Military History Review, No 262 (10/2013), pp.29 - 33 Thai Van Tho (2013) “Creativity of the process of struggling to preserve forces and toward Dong Khoi in Kien Tuong period (1954 - 1960)” Ho Chi Minh City University of Education Journal of Science, No 52 (86), (11/2013), pp.180 189 Thai Van Tho (2014) “The process of struggling to preserve, build and develop revolutionary forces in Kien Phong province in the period 1954 - 1960” Ho Chi Minh City University of Education Journal of Science, No 55 (89), (2/2014), pp.146 - 154 Thai Van Tho (2017) “The Dong Khoi movement in Zone - Central Nam Bo: Results and lessons” Military History Review, No 302, (2/2017), pp.41 - 45 30 Thai Van Tho (2017) “The process of struggling to preserve and build revolutionary forces, toward Dong Khoi in Can Tho (1954 - 1960)” Can Tho University Journal of Science, No 51C (2017), pp.107 - 115 Thai Van Tho (2017) “The process of struggling to preserve and build revolutionary forces, toward Dong Khoi in An Giang (1954 - 1960)” Scientific conferences for Master's and PhD students in the academic year 2017 - 2018, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, 11/2017, pp.162 - 172 Thai Van Tho (2017) “The process of struggling to preserve and build revolutionary forces, toward Dong Khoi in Ca Mau (1954 - 1960)” An Giang University Journal of Science, vol 18 (6) - 2017, pp.79 - 87 Thai Van Tho (2018) “The building and development of revolutionary forces toward Dong Khoi in Gia Dinh (1955 - 1960)” Ho Chi Minh City University of Education Journal of Science, volume 15, No (2018), pp.173 - 184 Thai Van Tho (2018) “Political struggles of women in the Nam Bo (1954 1960)” Ho Chi Minh City University of Education Journal of Science, volume 15, No (2018), pp.121 - 132 10 Thai Van Tho (2018) “The roles of “troop proselytizing” in the process of struggling to preserve and build revolutionary forces in the Nam Bo (1954 1960)” Military History Review, (9/2018), pp.27 - 34 11 Thai Van Tho (2018) “Characteristics and creativity in the process of struggling to preserve and build revolutionary force of the army and people of the Nam Bo (1954 1960)” Scientific conferences for Master's and PhD students in the academic year 2018 - 2019, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, 10/2018, pp.14 - 23 12 Thai Van Tho (2018) “The roles of the bases in the process of struggling to preserve and build the revolutionary forces, toward Dong Khoi in the Nam Bo (1954 1960)” Ho Chi Minh City University of Education Journal of Science, volume 15, No 11 (2018), pp.154 - 165 13 Thai Van Tho (2019) “Armed struggle in the Eastern Nam Bo (1954 - 1960)” Scientific conferences for Master's and PhD students in the academic year 2019 - 2020, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, 10/2019, pp.170 - 183 14 Thai Van Tho (2020) “The victory of Xeo Ro and Dong Khoi movement in the Western Nam Bo (1959 - 1960)” Military History Review, No 337, (01/2020), pp.110 118 ... by the Nam Bo Regional Committee The Provincial Party Committees designate the District Party Committees and the District Party Committees reassign the sub-committees The executive committees... Central Office for South Vietnam, establishing the Nam Bo Regional Committee and the Party Committees Based on the new task of South Vietnam revolution, the Central Committee and the Politburo decided... expanded into a common base area of the Nam Bo battlefield, the standing place of the leading agency (the Nam Bo Regional Committee) In the Central Nam Bo and Western Nam Bo, firstly, based on the “people's